Expressionism i roto i te tuhinga: tatararaa, āhuatanga taketake, kaituhi Expressionists

Faahiahia aronga Five and Seven, expressionism, ahu i roto i te waenganui-90 o te rau tau 19. whakaaro te tupuna o te wā kei te ki hei te kaiwhakarewa o te moheni "Storm" - H. Walden.

whakapono Kairangahau expressionism e te tino mārama whakahuatia te reira i roto i te tuhinga. Ahakoa whakakitea expressionism kahore iti karakara i roto i te whakairo, tuhi me te peita.

Ko te kāhua hou, me te tikanga hou te ao

Ki te huringa i roto i te raupapa tūmatanui, me te pāpori o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20, i reira ko he aronga hou i roto i te toi, whare tapere, me te ora waiata. e kore ahau i tatari me te expressionism i roto i tuhinga. Tautuhi tenei aronga kihai i mahi i roto i. Ko expressionism tuhituhi whakamārama pēhea te nui te ngohi o reiti kë me ngā whakawhanake i roto i te anga o te au Onaianei i Europa o te rau tau whakamutunga.

Korero o expressionism, te auraa tata tonu mo te Tiamana. huaina te keokeonga o tenei nāianei ko te hua o te auahatanga o te "kura Prague" (German-korero). Tuhinga reira o K. Čapek, P. Adler, L. Perutz, F. Kafka me ētahi atu. Ki te he rerekētanga nui i roto i te tautuhinga auaha o enei kaituhi hono ratou moni i roto i te āhuatanga heahea, idiotically apiapi, pūngāwerewere, moe hallucinogenic ngaro. I roto i Russia, tenei au whakawhanakehia e L. Andreev ko E. Zamyatin

He maha kaituhi faauruhia romanticism Baroque ranei. Ko mana rawa hohonu o te tohu Tiamana, me te Wīwī (rawa C. Baudelaire me Rimbaud) ite te expressionism i roto i te tuhinga. whakaatu tauira o nga mahi e tetahi akonga kaituhi e whakarongo ki nga mau o te ora e wahi i roto i te timatanga o te ora taumauri. piri pepeha mohiotia expressionism - "Ehara i te kohatu hinga, me te ture o te mahara."

pathos poropiti tūturu Georg Heym, ka he āhuatanga e mōhiotia o te timatanga angamaheni o Expressionism rite te kaupapa. Ana kaipānui i roto i te irava "mai mate nui ..." me "War" te titiro ki te matapae poropiti o onaianei kino i roto i Europe.

i taupū Austria o expressionist Georg Trakl ki rawa he kainga tupu iti whiti kua he pānga nui i runga i te katoa rotarota German-reo. I roto i te Trakl nga rotarota whakapakoko taipe uaua, te ati i roto i te hononga ki te parariraa o te raupapa ao, me te momonatanga aronganui hohonu.

haere mai Expressionism Dawn i te tau 1914-1924. Ko Franz Werfel, Albert Ehrenstein, Gottfried Benn me ētahi atu e whai parekura nui i te akina i roto i totoka whakapono tāngata whakaaro. Kei te tino mārama whakakitea tenei au i roto i te mahi o Kurt Hiller. expressionism Poetic i tuhinga, te āhuatanga matua o e horo te whakaari, me te tuhi hohoro, hua i roto i te anthology rongonui o "Te Twilight o taata", i puta i roto i te marae o te kaipānui i roto i te 1919.

He rapunga whakaaro hou

I tangohia te matua whakaaro kau muimui expressionists taumauri me rerehua i te "uho pai" - te ariā o te matauranga o Husserl, a ki runga ki te āhukahuka o pūmanawa "pito o te whenua" Bergson i tona pūnaha te "ora" pakaruhanga. Kei te whakapono te reira e taea ki te hinga i te mea taumauri pakeke i roto i te awa ahea o te kukuwhatanga tenei pūnaha ko.

Ko te aha Expressionism i tuhinga puta rite perception Nonfictional o mooni rite te "Tiro whāinga".

Ko e kupu'i lea "aritanga whāinga" mai i te mahi puāwaitanga o te kaupapa German a auraa te tirohanga o mooni ki tika cartographic. Na reira, i roto i te tikanga ki te haere mai ki te kia "hinonga pai" i roto i te ao, he kotahi ano reira e tika ana ki te whakahē i te rauemi i te pae varua.

Ko te tino rite ki te Symbolists whakaaro wä tenei whakaaro, i te expressionism i roto i tuhinga hāngai ana ki te intuitionism o Bergson me reira rapu mo te tikanga o te i roto i te ora, me te noatia. Life pakaruhanga me te tikanga hohonu karu whakaaturia'ete patu i roto i te maungārongo ki te mo'oni rangi wairua. I roto i tenei take, kī nga expressionists e te ao rauemi (arā, te ao waho) riro i roto i tona ngakau matakite whaiaro, me te tata mīharo ki hoko i te otinga o rau tau-tau "ngaro" o te ora.

Expressionism i tuhinga o te rau tau 20 mārama rerekē i te ngā o Surrealism me Cubism i whakawhanakehia tata i roto i te whakarara. Pathos, a, pāpori-tino, hanga pai te rerekētanga i waenganui i te mahi o expressionists. E ki tonu o riria ki te wehenga o te hapori ki ngā akomanga pāpori me pakanga ki te tangata harried he pūtahi tūmatanui, me te pāpori ratou. I te tahi taime tōtika kaituhi expressionist kumea te whakapakoko o te hero pāhoro, e whakaatu ana i te huru tino whakakeke, te faaite wehi e paoro ita o te whakama o te irresistible.

raruraru te ao kia rite te whakahuatia i roto i nga mahi o te Expressionists ratou rite te huānga matua o te poautinitini, kei te neke nei i te tere rahi, a fafau ki ngaro iho te taata, me te āhua.

putanga wä

Expressionism i roto i te tuhinga tāutu te tono ki te huru te ao o te poropititanga. Ko te mea titau te wehe o te kāhua tenei: ko reira e tika ana ki te whakaako, te whakahauhau, te whakapuaki. Anake i roto i tenei ara, i te pae whakakahoretia o morare kiko me fakato'u'osi, tamata kau muimui o expressionism ki te wewete i te tangata ngangau katoa o te whakaaro, te tūtohutanga ki te faahohonu me te whakakaha i te attraction ki te ngaro katoa.

Pea e te aha ka mau Expressionism tona take i te rōpū feohi o toi.

Tumu kōrero o te ahurea whakapono e te tau o te take mai o te expressionism - 1905 th. Ko tau ko te uniana o iwi rite-whakaaro i roto i te German Dresden, he rōpū e huaina ratou "Ko te Bridge". I raro i ona ākonga hoahoanga converged: Otto Müller, Erich Heckel, Ernst Kirchner, Emil Nolde, me ētahi atu I te timatanga o 1911 ta iho te ropu rongonui "Blue Rider" .. Tuhinga reira o toi mana o te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau: Franz Marc . August Macke, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky me etahi whakaputaina Rōpū te maramataka Pāoa ki Maehe 1912, e hāngai ana i runga i te tauira auaha hou o te kura hou, whakatakoto whāinga me te wero ratou aronga.

Māngai o expressionism i roto i te moheni tuhinga katia runga i te pūtake o "Aktion" ( "Mahi"). whakaputaina te take tuatahi i roto i Berlin i te tīmatanga o 1911. I tae te reira e te kaitito, a kahore ano te pai-mohiotia Playwrights, engari tutu kanapa tenei aronga: E. Toller, Frank L., J. Pekere me ētahi atu.

Āhuatanga karakara atu expressionism tika puta i roto i te tuhinga German, Austrian me Russian. aroaro Expressionists French te punake Perom Garne.

pehe Expressionist

kua ka pehe o tenei au te mahi "Orpheus." E ko, me waiho e ia hei kaititiro, ko wai, aro ki te mea tutu wheua mai ki te roto o te ngako pono o te mea kei te tupu. Ko te mea matua mō te rohi pehe - ka puta mai te tuatahi te uho o e, a kihai te tino āhuatanga ano.

Na - Ko te kaihe teitei, piha o runga tenei. E kore e tangohia e te reira i tetahi wahi i roto i te "mau ohipa o te mano." A kia tino mahue reira pragmatism me wairangi. Ko te aha, kia rite ki nga kaiwhakatū o expressionism whakaaro pera e mea ohie ki te whakatutuki i clamping wiri "hinonga pai" ao.

deified anake kau muimui fifi mahi o te auahatanga expressionism huaina te ara pono anake ki te whakarerekē i te ao rawa, me te ki tara ia.

Mai i tenei whai reira e te pono, kei runga ake e fungani. Secret, ngaro ahua matauranga expressionist kakahu i roto i te expansiveness taikaha i hanga e te maramarama rite ki te haurangi moemoea ranei.

matakite auaha

Waihanga hoki te pūkenga i roto i tenei aronga - ko ki te waihanga masterpieces i roto i te āhua o te subjectivity kaha, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te āhua o te matakite, hangatanga me te tūāhua taurangi o te rohi pehe.

Expressionism i roto i te tuhinga - e kore e aroturukitia ai, he whakaaro tuutuu ore, me te pehi, te reira te kore te ahanoa o fakakaukauloto me whakapakoko kitenga miharo.

German Expressionist, tona theorist me tetahi o nga kau taki Casimir Edshmid whakapono e whakaatu te rohi pehe pono, me te e kore e whakaata mooni. Na reira, ka rite ki te putanga, mahi tuhituhi i roto i te kāhua o expressionism ko te hua o te hihiko cardiac me te ahanoa mo rerehua ahuareka te wairua. e kore Expressionists pikaunga ratou ki te tiaki o te whakamahine faaite puka.

uara wä o te faaiteraa toi ko te reo i roto i te distortion expressionist, a maha grotesque, e puta rite ki te hua o te hyperbolism mohoao me whawhai tonu ki ātete mea. he distortion taua e kore anake faahuru nga āhuatanga waho o te ao. E horo'a te reira rawa, me te a Tūrongo grotesque whakapakoko hanga.

A i konei riro te reira mārama e te whāinga matua o te expressionism - ki te hangaia anō o te hapori tangata, me te whakatutuki kotahitanga ki te ao.

"Tekau tau Expressionist" i roto i te tuhinga Tiamana-reo

I roto i Germany, pera i roto i ētahi atu whenua Pākehā, puta expressionism i muri i te nekehanga tutu i roto i te ao tūmatanui, me te pāpori, kua ohorere te whenua i roto i te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau whakamutunga. I roto i te Tiamana ahurea me te tuhinga expressionism ko te āhuatanga a Tūrongo, o te 10 ki te '20 o te rau tau rua tekau.

Expressionism i roto i te tuhinga Tiamana ko te whakautu ki te raruraru o te intelligentsia, e kumea ana e te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, te Noema Revolutionary Movement i Germany me te hurihanga o te tikanga Tsarist i roto i Russia i Oketopa. I whakangaromia e te ao tawhito, me te i runga i puta hou ona wahi kua ururuatia. Writers, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te mua o tenei huringa, te ume nei ua te kore o te tikanga wā, me i te mate kotahi me te unenforceability o tetahi ahunga whakamua hou i roto i te hapori hou.

expressionism Tiamana i mau i te, tutu, huru kanapa protivoburzhuazny. Otiia i te wa ano, te heheu mai i te mau hapehape o te pūnaha capitalist, whakaatu whakaekea expressionist hei utu, ko reira he hōtaka pāpori, me te tōrangapū nuinga ki, waitara me heahea e taea whakahauora i te wairua o te tangata.

Kaua e tino matau te Māoritanga o te ënei whenua, whakapono nga Expressionists i roto i te mutunga haere mai o te raupapa ao. Whakangaromanga o te taata, me te kino haamouraa - te kaupapa pokapū o te wā expressionist o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Rawa anaana taea te kite te reira i roto i te kupu o G. Trakl, Heym G. ko F. Werfel. pahono J. Van Goddis ki te ngā i roto i te whenua me te ao, te irava, "Ko te mutunga o te ao." A ara whakaatu Sapphire te āhuatanga whakaari (Karl Kraus, "Ko nga ra whakamutunga o te taata").

mana'o rerehua o te expressionism kohia i raro i te parirau o te kāhua rawa rerekē o toi, reka me te mau parau tumu tōrangapū o kaituhi: i F. Wolf ko J. Pekere, kua tangohia te Māoritanga o te huringa pāhoro o te hapori, ki Mr. Jost, i muri ka he rohi pehe i roto i te marae o te Tuatoru Reich.

Franz Kafka - he expressionism ōrite

Kei te tika i huaina Frantsa Kafku expressionism faaauhia. Tona whakapono ko e ora te tangata i roto i te ao e te mea kino ki a ia tino, e kore te mea taea te kikokiko e kore e taea e hinga ātete ona pūtahi, a ko te kupu te whakatutuki te oaoa, ko te whakaaro Expressionist matua i roto i ngā porowhita tuhituhi.

Ko te kaituhi whakapono e reira he take mo te mariu i roto i te takitahi, me te reira kia kore tirohanga ora. Heoi, i roto i nga mahi o Kafka tamata ia ki te kitea te tahi mea mahi, "te marama" ranei "mutu".

Kei te reira i huaina kaituhi o rongonui te "tukanga" hepohepo. Ko eerily wehiwehi te ao huri noa ia. wehi o nga ope o te natura, e te nona kē tangata ko Franz Kafka. Tona whakama me te wehi, ko te ngāwari ki te matau: ko te iwi, te haaviraa i te natura, e kore i taea e mahi ki te hononga i waenganui i a ratou. I tua atu, whawhai ratou, ka patua tahi i te tahi i roto i, i huna kainga me te whenua, a kihai i tukua tahi i te tahi ki te oaoa.

Mai i te wā o te ngā pūrākau o te take mai o te kaituhi o te ngā pūrākau rau tau rua tekau o te ao wehea e tata 35 senituli o te ao. ki tonu Myths Kafka ki te wehi, te hepohepo, me te hepohepo. E kore e puritia te iku'anga o te tangata kua i te takitahi ia, engari i etahi ope otherworldly, me te ngāwari wehea ai i te tangata ia ia.

Ko te tangata whakapono te kaituhi, - te hanganga o pāpori (te kore e kore e taea e te reira), engari kei te te iwi whānui pūrere āhua reira tino haapi'o te natura taata.

Expressionism i tuhinga o te rau tau 20 i roto i te mata o Kafka mārama me whakaae te whakaraerae me te ngoikore hoki o te tangata i hanga e te reira, a kore e whakahaeretia ana e pūtahi pāpori, me te pāpori. He kitea te tohu: he tangata ohorere taka i raro i te tupu (ki te kia tiakina, kahore he tika!), ranei ohorere ratou hei hiahia i roto i te iwi "ke", me e whakatika te kerekere, me te kuware o nga ope pouri. He ngāwari nui ki te ite tona kahakoretanga te tangata i raro i te mana o te pūtahi pāpori, me te pāpori, me ka te toenga o te kupu o te oraraa hanga nganatanga huakore ki te whakaaetanga ki te ora me te kia i roto i tenei ao kino.

Kafka miharo e tona homai o te matauranga. Rawa mārama whakahuatia i roto i (tirotiro tūpāpaku whakaputaina) "Tukanga". I roto i te reira lavea `te kaituhi te haurangi hou o te rau tau rua tekau, whakapehapeha i roto i tona kaha haamou. Ko tētahi o ratou - te raruraru o te taero, kei te whiwhi kaha rite te kapua tupuhi, puta noa i te rangi katoa, i te tangata riro whakaraerae pepeke inconspicuous. faata'i Reality fefeka kino, tino e whakamotitia i te tangata tangata, a, na reira, he kanga te ao.

Ko te wairua o te expressionism i Russian

Ūnga Europe ahurea, i whakawhanakehia i roto i te hauwhā tuatahi o te rautau rua tekau, e kore i taea e engari pā te tuhinga Russian. Ko te kaituhi, e whakaputaina mahi i 1850 ki te mutunga o 1920, koi pahono ki te parau-tia ore bourgeois me raruraru pāpori o tenei wā, i whakatika rite ki te hua o te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, me nga coups reactionary muri.

He aha te Expressionism i tuhinga? Poto - he tutu. whakatika riri ake ki te dehumanization o te hapori. Reira, me ki te tauākī hou o ngā uara existential o wairua tangata, ko tōna ngana ki, tuku iho, me ngā tikanga o te tuhinga Russian tuku iho. Tona tūranga rite te Karaiti i roto i te hapori faaite i roto i te mahi ore NV Gogol ko FM Dostoevsky, i roto i peita nga auheke MA Vrubel ko nn Ge, taonga e te ao katoa V. F. Komissarzhevskuyu ko AN Scriabin.

Ka taea te takina reira rawa mārama i roto i te heke mai e tata ana he whai wāhitanga nui hoki te whanautanga o expressionism Russian i roto i "Te Dream o te tangata wawau" e Fyodor Dostoevsky, "Poem o matakite" Scriabin, "Flower Whero" V. Garshin.

rapu Expressionists Russian tapatahi ao, i roto i rapu ana mahi ki te kawe "tangata hou" he mahara hou atu kotahitanga āwhina huri noa te hapori ahurea me te toi o Russia.

tohu fakaangá Literary i roto i tangohia e kore expressionism āhua rite te, akoranga motuhake motuhake. Ia anake whakakitea i roto i anake te wehe o Poetics me styling, i roto i kua whakapumautia kē te reo mäharahara ana ngā nekehanga atu i atu mārama ratou rohe, a tae noa tikanga.

Ko te kupu, hei tauira, expressionism, whanau i roto i te talena, hua i roto i te hanga Leonida Andreeva, mawhiti Andrei Bely i aronga symbolist acmeists tukua Michael Zenkevich Vladimir Narbut te kohinga o ngā rotarota ki te kaupapa ekspressionistkoy kanapa, a Vladimir Mayakovsky, he futurist, tuhituhi hoki i roto i tikanga Expressionist.

kāhua Expressionism i runga i te oneone Russian

I roto i Russian mo te wa tuatahi te kupu "expressionism", "whakatangi" i roto i te kōrero o Chekhov "te Grasshopper". Ko he te wahine pūrotu, te whakamahi i te "expressionist" hei utu o "Impressionist." Kairangahau expressionism Russian whakapono e te tata integrated reira ki, me nga mea katoa o te expressionism o Europe tawhito, i hanga e runga i te kaupapa o te Austria, engari te nuinga o te expressionism Tiamana.

Wātaka, ka haere mai tenei au i roto i Russia nui mua ka haere mai ki a noa iho nui i muri "Expressionism tekau tau" i roto i te tuhinga German-reo. timata Expressionism Russian tuhinga ki te whakaputanga o te kōrero Leonida Andreeva "Te Wall" i roto i te 1901, ka mutu ki te mahi "Moscow Parnassus" me te emotsionalistov i roto i tau 1925 rōpū.

Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev - he expressionism Russian tutu

aronga New rawa hohoro ki te tango i runga i Europe, kihai i mahue i runga i nga hiti, me te Russian ngā tikanga tuhituhi. whakaaro te papa taketake o Expressionism i Russia te ki Leonid Andreev.

I roto i tona mahi tuatahi, te kaituhi hohonu tātari te mooni whakaari e karapoti ana ia ia. Tino mārama kitea tenei i roto i te tīmatanga o te mahi: "Garas'ko", "Bargamot", "City". Kua konei e taea tetahi ahu mai i te taumu'a matua o te kaituhi.

"Life Vasiliya Fiveyskogo" me te kōrero "Te Wall" utu i roto i te taipitopito ore te o te kaituhi i roto i te hinengaro tangata, me te ore te tino. I roto i ana runaruna tuhituhi whakapono me te spiritualism Andreev te rongonui "Hura Ikariote."

I te timatanga o nga nekehanga hou o te kaituhi tino pukuaroha ki te kaupapa pāhoro, me rite te putanga i reira he kōrero "Ivan Ivanovich," "Kawana" me te tākaro "Ki te Stars".

I muri i te wā poto ngā o te wā, auahatanga Andreeva Leonida Nikolaevicha hanga he tahuri koi. Kei te hono te reira ki te timatanga o te kaupapa hou i roto i 1907. Kaituhi reconsiders ana whakaaro, me te mārama e ngangaretanga papatipu, anake e whakamamaetia nui me taotū papatipu, ka haere mai ki te kahore ārahi. E whakaahuatia ēnei ngā i roto i "Te whitu i whakairia".

tonu te kōrero "Te Whero kata" ki te heheu mai whakaaro o te kaituhi i runga i te mau mea e tupu i roto i te āhua. whakaahua ana i te mahi i nga mamae o te whawhai i runga i te pūtake o ngā o 1905 whawhai Russian-Japanese. Aue, me nga toa raupapa ao whakapumautia e rite ki te maia te tutu anarchic, engari kia rite ki ngāwari ai korukoru me kia hāngū.

Ētahi atu mahi tata o te kaituhi î ki te ariā o te wikitoria o ope tipua, me te whārua nui.

Post scriptum

Ōkawa, ko te expressionism Tiamana rite te au tuhituhi ahua mangu atu i te waenganui 20-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. Heoi, ehara i te mea tetahi atu, i kua he pānga nui i runga i te whakarerenga iho tuhituhi o nga whakatupuranga i muri mai.