Te kingi tuatahi i roto i Russia - Ivan IV, tapaina a "Terrible"

Te kingi tuatahi i roto i Russia kore whanau i roto i Moscow, i Kolomna. I te wa, ko te iti, ko Russia iti rawa Moscow. Heoi, i mārama tohua te tamaiti kingi, me te pupuri i te Atua. i marino kihai i tupu tona tamarikitanga. Kaitiaki e toru nga tau o te kingi - te rangatira teina Shuiskys - hanga i roto i te whare o te kingitanga o te wehi i a ahau nga po ki te whakawhetai te Atua kei te ora ia: e kore e kawa, rite te whaea, e kore e whakamatea rite te tuakana, e kore e pirau i herehere, rite toku matua keke, e kore fakamamahi'i whakamamaetia te tini o papa āwhiwhiwhi - Prince Vasily III.

Ki te aroaro katoa i ora tuatahi Tsar i Russia! A i 16 tau, i faaipoipo ki te kingitanga i te patu ohorere ki nga wawata o nga hoia! He pono, mea nga kōrero, ko te whakaaro, tupato Metropolitan Macarius. Engari kia pai kia te reira e te kitenga ia me e te whenua he ringa kaha ki te mutu i te riri tara me ki nuku te rohe. Ko te whakamanamana o autocracy - he whakanui o te whakapono Siu, Moscow - te mono o Constantinople. O te akoranga, i tata, me te mārama i te whakaaro o te marena tāone. ka tahuri te kingi tuatahi i roto i Russia i pono: ka haavî i te boyars, a nui haere tona rohe mo nga tau 50 o te rangatiratanga - kotahi rau ōrau o te whenua o te kāwanatanga Russian kua nui haere, a ka kua riro Russia nui atu i te katoa o Europe.

taitara kingi

Royal taitara Ivan (te whakamataku) whakamahia tīrama tu i runga i tūranga rawa rerekē i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū Pākehā. iritihia taitara Grand te rite "rangatira" ranei "duke", a tae noa te kingi - ko te Hiha!

I muri i te koroneihana o whanaunga o te kingi i te whaea kua tutuki maha hua, hua i roto i te whakatikanga ake i whakakitea taitama Hoani, te āhuatanga tūturu e pā ana ki tona kingitanga. Autocracy - he hou, fifi, neke atu i te angitu ki nei Ivan whakahaere.

whakahou

Fifili e ahau he aha te kingi tuatahi i roto i Russia - Hoani te tuawha? Hea i tenei ahua? A ko reira kua nui i muri i tuhituhi Karamzin tona "History o te State Russian" ka timata te pōhi i ki Ivan Kalita. A, no ka karangatia e ora te kingi tuatahi i roto i Russia, a i - John ahau, tītohu whakaae te torona puritia i roto i te koura motuhake waka huia-aaka, a ka noho te kingi tuatahi i roto i Russia konei i runga i tenei torona.

feruri hohonu e te kingi i te whakakotahitanga o te kāwanatanga, kawea atu i roto i whakahounga tuawhenua, me te labial puta te ope, ka mau te Code hou o ture, me te Code o Ratonga, huihui te Runanga tuatahi o te Whenua , a whakapumautia he ture kati te tomokanga o kaihokohoko Hurai. He he he koti hou o ringa ki te ekara, rite Ivan Grozny - he uri whakaheke o te Rurik. A e kore e anake ratou: i te taha ki whaea o tona tupuna kuiti-whakaaro - toku whaea, toku tupuna, me te ara toku ake, - te tino Sofya Paleolog, te uri wahine o nga fetaulaki'anga Byzantine. E kotahi ki te kia atamai, whakakake, pakeke-mahi. A nanakia, rawa, i roto i te kotahi. Ko, o te akoranga, i taua wa, a tae noa i roto i te taiao o te nanakia e kua taea nga panoni e mārama hanga tona tuatahi kingi i roto i Russia. Ko te huringa o te ope - he kupu torutoru, a te nui, ko te hoki a ratou! Puta 25000th strelets ope, i i anake ki te pīkau i ratou ki te pū, te hama me hoari, me roimata i te pāmu! Heoi, haea i te ōhanga āta kaikopere. He ko tau pū e kore e iti iho i te 2 mano pu. ara i maia Ivan te whakamataku ki te huri i te taake o te amuamu nui o te Boyar Duma. O te akoranga, e kore tangata nunui amuamu noa e pā ana ki te hara o ratou mau haamaitairaa. ruia ratou te arikitanga ki te whānuitanga taua e akina atu te ahua o te oprichnina. i hanga e te ngāué he ope o runga ki te 6 mano tangata, e kore tatau tata te mano whakawhirinaki i runga i ohipa motuhake.

I roto i te uaua te oma toto, i te korerotanga a koe e pā ana ki te akau, me executions e whakahaere ki te poipoi o te ringa o te kingi. Otiia e kore e anake Ivan te whakamataku, ara tenei ra, kau faihisitōlia whakapono e kore he kōpeka me te kore i te wahanga te oprichnina. i Boyars ki ia haavî! I tua atu, ngokingoki i te Te Hau-ā-uru o te titorehanga na ngaueue nga turanga o te whakapono Siu, e tottered me te torona ki e noho ana i runga taua mea, me te kingi o katoa o te āhua Russian. tipu hononga rangirua i te autocracy me te minita. I mua i mysticism whakapono kingi pahuatia whenua ohu whakapono, me te waiho i raro ki minita tāmitanga. I araia Metropolitan ki te haere ki te mahi, me te oprichnina zemshchina. I te wa ano i te kingi oprichnina Ivan Abbot, e mahi ana maha ngaahi fatongia Monastic, waiata ara te pŭpŭ himene.

Novgorod ko Kazan

I mua oho te tau 1570 oprichnina ope hou ki roto ki te pakanga ki a Novgorod runga i te māharahara o te loto ki kawea Russia ki te kingi Polish. Aue, te kororia o te ngāué ki whakangahau. Tū pahua kohuru i roto i Tver, Klin, Torzhok me nga pa noa e toe ana, muri iho whakangaromia ana te Pskov me Novgorod. A i roto i Tver i notia Malyuta Skuratov Metropolitan Piripi o te mau haamaitairaa o te fakafisi o tenei pakanga toto. Puta noa i huna te kingi i te pakiaka te rangatira rohe me nga kalaké, taea mea ngā tatou, me a ratou wahine, tamariki, me te whare. roa tenei pahua hoki tau tae noa hinga reira ki Russia Crimean Khan Giray Divlet. Ko te wahi ki te whakaatu tango te oprichnina ope taitamariki! Otiia ko noa te ope o te whawhai kore. pahuatia ngāué, mangere. Ki nga Tartars - e kore ko te boyars tenei a whawhai ratou kuao. I ngaro te whawhai.

Na ka riri Ivan! oho anó ki Kazan i Novgorod. Na reira kingi he whare Giray. Whakakahoretia ana ara opani te Ariki, Oprichnina tona ingoa, e mahi ana he tokomaha hunga me tāhae, haere e toru ki Kazan. Ko te toru o te wā tukua Kazan i te ngarahu pai, a i muri i te ia ka tino he pa Russian. Hoki i Moscow ki Kazan i kapi te whenua katoa pourewa Russian. I patua te reira i me te Astrakhan Khanate, hono nga whenua Russian. Crimean Khan, rawa, i roto i te mutunga perepalo: te nui e taea e koe ki te hi'o ki te pahua Russia me tahu ona pa ataahua? I roto i 1572, i te ope Crimean 120,000th i pakaru te ope Russian 20000th.

Ko te hua i roto i ngā wāhi o te whawhai me te hautoa

Na ka ka i reira tino mea patu te ope Swedes hōia Novgorod, a mutu te rangimarie pai e rite nui rite 40 tau. Vēkeveke tuatahi kingi ki Rus Paratiki whawhai ki Livonians, amo, Lithuanian, wā noa mīharo o waho Novgorod, a pera tawhiti (ake tetahi atu kingi nui Tuatahi - Pita) i tutuki enei nganatanga. e kore Otiia ki waho mataku ko te kata. Ahakoa whakapumautia hautoa me te hokohoko ki Ingarangi. Na ka timata te kingi ki te whakaaro o te Whenua Siberian, unexplored. Ko tūpato. Well, e whakahaere Ermak Timofeevich ki tona Cossacks ki te hinga te ope o Khan Kuchum tae noa tikanga o te kingi ki te hoki ki te Perm tiaki whenua, Russia kupu hutia Siberia. A i muri i te hawhe rau o Russian ka haere ki te Pacific Ocean.

tuakiri

Ko e kore anake te kingi tuatahi, engari ano hoki te tangata tuatahi i roto i te ite, mōhiotanga, me te karahipi te kingi tuatahi i roto i Russia.

Mō te whare pukapuka Ivana Groznogo kore ano e mariri kōrero. Teolosia mohio ia i pundits. whakatakotoria e ia te turanga mo te Rünanga Whakamana. Ko ia te kaituhi o maha stichera pai me pukapuka (he rohi pehe!). whakahau e ahau nga minita ki te whakatuwhera, puta noa i te kura ki te whakaako i ngā tamariki pānui, tuhituhi. whakaaetia e ia te waiata Polyphonic ka whakatuwheratia te ahua o Conservatory i roto i te whakataunga Alexander. Ko ia ko tetahi kaikorero hoki pai. He pēhi tā? Na St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo i Whero Square? ka whakatika te pātai e pā ana ki te canonization o Ivan. Engari wareware te looting, fakamamahi'i, executions, whakama, me te ko noa kohuru te oprichnina me nga kau muimui o te minita Siu? I muri i te mutunga o te oprichnina, rite taua, e kore te mea te reira ki runga, tika te hopoia ka mohiotia. puta ke Kingi, mau mekameka, whiu ia. moni nui o te moni takoha i whakamahara o te hahi me nga wairua o te hunga e mahi ana mo te hauora o te tawainga. mate ia Schemamonk.