Haora Kōrero. haora History tenenga

Ko te pūtaiao tuatahi o te wa - arorangi. I whakamahia te kitenga i roto i te arorangi onamata mō te ahuwhenua, me te koropiko. Heoi, i tika i roto i te ine wā poto o te wā te mahi. Ko te kupu kua tae mai te taata ki te haora tenenga. Ko te tukanga he tetahi roa, ki tonu i te mahi pakeke o te hinengaro pai.

haora Kōrero haere hoki maha tenetere, ko reira te tenenga matamua o te taata nei. Mai rakau titi i roto i te whenua ki te timepiece ultra-pū - roa ara i roto i rau o whakatupuranga. Ki te hopohopo koe te whakatutukitanga o te ao tangata, i roto i te "tenenga nui" Ka hei haora tuarua anake ki nga wira.

He ko he wa, i te iwi nui maramataka. Otira i reira i mahi, ka mea e tika ana ki te whakatika i te roanga o te tukanga hangarau. ka mau te reira i haora, te whakaaro o nei - ra te inenga o ngā āputa wā poto. Ki te mahi i tenei, iwi puta noa i te tau kua whakamahia ngā tukanga tinana. Fakatatau ki reira nga hoahoa, te whakatinana ratou.

Kei te wehea haora Kōrero ki wā matua e rua. Origin - he roa o te maha mano o nga tau, i te tuarua - iti iho i te kotahi.

1. History o haora, ka karanga hātare. Tenei kāwai ngā pūrere solar, wai, ahi me te onepu. mutu wā Ako domayatnikovogo wā karaka aunoa. Ko ratou chimes wharekarakia.

2. haora kōrero New, tīmata ki te tenenga o te tautau, ka toenga, i tohua te timatanga o te whanaketanga o te timekeeping oscillatory puāwaitanga. Tēnei wā roa te kore oti.

nekehanga

Ko te Whatahoro tino tawhito. Na reira, ko reira te aamu o te nekehanga oroko te parade o te whakaaro nui i roto i te mara o te timekeeping. Ahakoa te tapatahi ore o te momo nui o whakaaro.

Ko te pūtake o te nekehanga hoatu te kaupapa kitea o te ra puta noa i te ra. , Tatau i te atarangi maka e te tuaka. Ratou whakamahi he taea anake i te ra paki. a Ancient Ihipa he āhuarangi pai hoki reira. Ko te whakamahia tino whānui i runga i te pareparenga o te awa ka te nekehanga, i i te ahua o whakapakoko. Ratou huinga i te tomokanga o te mau hiero. Gnomon i te puka o te kohatu, me te tauine poutū i runga i te whenua - kia titiro nekehanga i tahito. Whakaahua i raro whakaatu tetahi o ratou. Whakatika ki tenei, kua noho te reira tetahi o nga whakapakoko Ihipiana, kawea ki Europe. teitei Gnomon o 34 mita tēnei wā tu i runga i tetahi o nga tapawhā i Roma.

nohoia haora tikanga ngoikoretanga nui. mohio matou e pā ana ki reira, engari roa nohotahi. I roto i te taima rerekē, arā raumati me te hotoke, ko rerekē te roanga o te haora. Otiia i te wa ka te nuinga pūnaha agrarian me te hononga kaimahi i roto i te ine tika o te wa i reira ko kahore he take. Na reira pai nekehanga roa noa te mutunga o nga anotau Middle.

I roto i te wahi o te gnomon haere mai hoahoa atu matatau. nekehanga Arā, i roto i nei kua tenei drawback kua whakakorea i te tauine kōpiko. I tua atu, ngā whakapaitanga kua whakamahia putanga rerekē. Ko te kupu, i whānui taiepa, me te matapihi sundials i Europe.

puta whakapai ake i roto i 1431. Kei a ia i roto i te takotoranga o te atarangi o te whakarara pere ki tuaka o te whenua. huaina tenei ringa i tuaka. Na atarangi semiaxis āmio kaupae pokarekarenga, tahuri kotahi haora ki te 15 °. Tenei hoahoa taea ki tatou hua feunga tika mo tona wa, te nekehanga. E whakaatu ana Whakaahua tetahi o taua mea tiaki i roto China.

Hoki te hanganga tāutanga kāpehu maitai supply tika. Na ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te mataaratanga i nga wahi katoa. whakahaere te reira ki te whakaputa i ngā tauira ara kawe. Mai 1445 ka timata ki te hanga i te nekehanga i roto i te puka o te tuakoi tuwhera, rite rawa ki te pere, te atarangi o e taka ki runga ki te mata roto.

Ko te rapu mō ētahi

Ahakoa te meka i whakamarie, me te tika te nekehanga, i ratou he hē whāinga nui o te huru. He tino ti'aturi i runga i te rangi ratou, a ka he iti ki te wahi o te ra kopakia ana i roto i te āputa i waenganui i te putanga mai me te ahiahi ratou mahi. I roto i te rapu o whirinoa, tamata pūtaiao ki te kitea i ētahi atu huarahi ki te ine i wā wā. Hiahiatia e kore i pā ratou ki te mātakitaki o te kaupapa o whetu me ngā aorangi.

Ko te rapu arahina ki te hanga o ngā paerewa tāwhaiwhai o te wā. Hei tauira, i hiahiatia tenei wā mō te waipuke te nui etahi o matū parariraa ranei.

I waihangatia i runga i te pūtake o tenei karaka ohie haere he ara roa o te whanaketanga me te whakapai ake o ngā hanganga, reira faaineine te ara mo te hanganga o mataaratanga aunoa kore anake, engari Aunoatanga hoki ngā pūrere.

clepsydra

Hoki karaka wai titi te ingoa "clepsydra", na reira ko te pōhēhē e tuatahi whakaaro ratou i roto i Greece. I roto i te vairaa mau ia kahore i pena. kitea te, punga rawa tahito tino tawhito i roto i te temepara o Amun i Febah ka rongoa i roto i te Kairo Museum.

A, no te hanga i te whakaiti karaka wai he tika ki te whakarite taumata wai kākahu i roto i te oko i tona efflux raro i roto i te orifice. I tutuki tēnei mā te hoatu i te oko i te tihi-āhua, maaro ofi ki te raro. Haere i te tauira e whakaahua ana i te auau o te leakage inu, i runga i tona ahua taumata, me te oko rānei, ko reira taea anake i roto i te anotau Middle. I mua ki taua, i whakaritea te āhua oko mo te karaka wai empirically. Hei tauira, punga Ihipiana, whakahuatia i runga ake, i hoatu heke ōrite. Ahakoa ki te tetahi tohu o te hapa.

Mai kore e te punga whakawhirinaki i runga i te wa o te ra, me te rangi, pai reira tika te whakaritenga o te inenga tonu o te wā. I tua atu, ko te hiahia hei whakapai ake anō o te pūrere, tāpiri ngā mahi e whakaratohia ana wāhi mo te kaihoahoa whakaaro. Ko te kupu, clepsydra Arab māngai mahi toi i roto i te taha ki te taumahinga tiketike. i rite rawa ratou ki atu pūhanga waipēhi me te whāhauhau: wa sounder pūnaha rama po.

e kore ahau e pupuri i te kōrero he rota o te wai karaka kaihanga ingoa. Manufacturing ratou mahi i roto i Europe e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i Haina, i India. E kōrero e pā ana ki te rehe Kariki ko Ktesiby o Arehanaria, e 150 tau i ora ai i te aroaro o te Karaiti matou. whakamahia te clepsydra Ktesiby nihowhiti, ngā whanaketanga ariā nei kua hanga e Aristotle.

mataaratanga ahi

puta tenei rōpū i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 13. Ko te ahi tuatahi nga mataaratanga tapers ake ki te 1 mita i roto i te teitei ki te hoatu tapanga ki runga ki a ratou. I te tahi taime rawa etahi wehenga i ki titi whakarewa e hinga ki runga ki te tu whakarewa i huri noa haki ware pi, whakaputa tangi motuhake. Kua mahi pērā whakaaro rite te tauira o te whakaoho.

Ki te haerenga mai o mārama mataaratanga ahi karaihe puta ki lampadnye. I runga i te taiepa o te unahi takoto, i roto i nei i te iti rawa i te hinu tahunga, me te wa fakapapau'i.

Ko te whakamahia tino whānui ngā pūrere taua kua i roto i China. Āpiti atu ki tetahi atu ahua o te rama i tohaina i roto i te whenua pupuhi haora - muka. Ka taea e tatou te mea e ko te reira i te mutunga mate.

punga

A, no te i whanau ratou, e kore e mohiotia ai. E māia ana tatou e nehenehe e mea ko e kore i taea e puta ratou ki te aroaro o te tenenga o te karaihe.

Punga e rua topuku karaihe piata. Na roto i te kaki honotanga tirotiro ringihia i te tihi ki te raro o te puoto. A i roto i to tatou wa ko reira taea tonu ki te whakatau i te punga. E whakaatu ana Whakaahua tetahi o nga tauira, tawhito tā.

rangatira wharekarakia i roto i te hanga o ngā pūrere kua oti te punga para hoahoa. I whakamahia ratou e kore anake ki te ine i te roa o te wa, engari ano hoki i rite te whakapaipai roto. I roto i te mau utuafare o maha rangatira me rangatira i ahei te kite papai punga. Photography Ko tetahi o enei tauira.

I roto i Europe, ka haere mai te punga kaua te mutunga - i te mutunga o te Anotau, engari ko tere ratou tohatoha. Nā ki tona tapatahi, whakamahi ratou te taea i tetahi wa, hohoro ka tino rongonui.

Ko tētahi o nga drawbacks o te punga - he wā tika poto o te wā, whanganga kahore tahuri. Kore tikanga rīpene titoa o ratou. Raruraru te tohatoha o taua tauira o ratou tika iti, me te kākahu me te roimata whakamahi i muri roa. A e whai ake. i pania orifice i roto i te HWM i waenganui i nga ipu, te whakanui ake i roto i te whānui, me matūriki onepu - i runga i te anga ke, kongakonga, whakaiti i roto i te rahi. tere pana nui haere, te wā - te heke haere.

mataaratanga Mechanical: čnei, mo te

Kua Ko te hiahia mo te inenga tika atu o ngā āputa wā ki te whanaketanga o te hanga me te whanaunga pāpori kua maranga tamau. Ko te hinengaro pai te mahi i runga i te otinga ki tenei raruraru.

Ko te tenenga o mataaratanga aunoa - he kaupapa rohe e puta i roto i te Anotau, no te mea ratou - te mea tino matatini, hanga i roto i aua tau. I roto i te tahuri, ka arahi tenei ki te whanaketanga atu o te pūtaiao me te hangarau.

Ko te tenenga me ona haora whanaketanga e hiahiatia ake, tika, a-hangarau tiketike he taputapu, tikanga hou o te tātari me te hoahoa. ko te timatanga o te wā hou tenei.

hanga Creation o te mataaratanga aunoa kua taea ki te tenenga, tukua te pou muka te. Kua tahuri tenei wae nekehanga paneke o iri i runga i te taimaha taura ki oscillate hoki a atu i roto i te wa i nga wira. Tenei ko mārama kitea tonu - no te tauira mātanga Clepsydra kua i me te waea, me te tereina taputapu, me te whawhai. Ko reira tika anake ki te huri i te kaha peia: whakakapi i te jet wai pauna taimaha, me i ko reira māmā ki te hapai i, a ka tāpiri i te pūrere keu me te escapement.

I tenei kaupapa, i hanga tikanga mō karaka pourewa. ka haere mai Chimes ki mana muka ki te whakamahi a tawhio noa mai 1340 ka riro te whakapehapeha o nga pa maha me cathedrals.

Ko te hanganga o te timekeeping vibrational puāwaitanga

Ko te hītori o te putanga o haora ki te tiaki i nga ingoa o pūtaiao me kaitito i te hunga kua meinga taea reira ki te whakawhanake ratou mo te huaai. Ko te pūtake ariā ko te kitea i hanga Galileo Galilei, te amuamu o te ture whakaahua te kōpiupiutanga o te tāwēwē. Ia - te kaituhi o te whakaaro o karaka tautau aunoa.

i taea e ki te whakatinana i te whakaaro i roto i 1658 te pūmanawa Dutchman Christiaan Huygens Galileo. Ia - te kaituhi o te tenenga, te mana toenga, hanga ai he pute, a ka mataara. I roto i te 1674, whakawhanakehia Huygens he mana ake i te tua o te wira i te puna tōhito-tōrino i roto i te puka o te makawe.

Ētahi atu tenenga te rohe no wati i Nuremberg ingoa Pita Henlein. whakaaro ia te puna clockwork, a i roto i 1500 i runga i hanga reira i te mataaratanga pute.

I roto i te whakarara i reira nga huringa ahua. I te tuatahi ko reira rawa he ringa. Engari kia rite ki te haora i riro tika rawa, e rapu ratou he tohu e tika ana. I roto i te 1680, i honoa te ringa meneti, a kua riro te waea tatou te ahua mua. I roto i te rau tau tekau ma waru, ka anga ki te tāuta te rua te ringa. I te taha tuatahi, a muri mai ka te pokapū.

I roto i te rautau tekau mā whitu, i whakawhitia te hanga o haora ki te kāwai o te toi. tinana faito whakapaipai, te whakapaipai ki te papatono ki korahirahi, i te taha o taua wa hipoki i ki karaihe - tenei katoa hanga whakaritenga mo te tūemi papai.

tonu ore mahi i runga i te whakapai ake me te whīwhiwhi o ngā pūrere. Whakanuia ai Tika. I te timatanga o te rau tau tekau ma waru i whakamahia rite tautoko mo te rocker me taputapu kohatu - emerara, me te hapaira. Ko taea ki te whakaiti i waku, te whakapai ake tika, ka whakapiki ake i te rāhui mana. He i ngā pōauautanga - he maramataka mau tonu, aunoa awhiowhio te, rāhui mana taupū.

Ko te pana o te whanaketanga ko te tenenga o te karaka tautau English wati Klement. A tawhio noa 1676 whakawhanakehia e ia te punga-punga escapement. Ko te pai hāngai ki te karaka tautau, e whai he oscillation kaha tīwera iti tenei pūrere.

karaka kiripaka

puta whakapai ake o nga mea mo te ine wā rite te horonga. Kua whariki te whanaketanga o te hangarau hikohiko me te reo irirangi i te ara mo te putanga o te kiripaka. hāngai ana ratou mahi i runga i te pānga piezoelectric. I kitea te reira i roto i te tau 1880, engari i taea anake ki te whakaputa i roto i 1937 mataaratanga kiripaka. Mai i te puāwaitanga kiripaka aunoa e tika te maere tauira hou hanga. Ko te tau o mataaratanga hiko. He aha te mea ratou āhuatanga?

mataaratanga kiripaka i te tikanga arā, o te kōwae rorohiko me te pūkaha stepper pera-ka karanga. Pehea e mahi i te reira? Engine, te fariiraa i te tohu i te wae hiko, neke te pere. Engari o te kiripaka waea mua mataara taea te whakamahi whakaatu mamati. karanga matou ratou hiko. I roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru - kiripaka ki te whakaatu mamati. Reira e kore te tino e te huri.

I roto i te meka, kiripaka mataaratanga - ko te-rorohiko paku. Tino ngāwari ki te tāpiri atu āhuatanga: stopwatch, wāhanga marama, maramataka, whakaoho karaka. Price mataaratanga i te wa ano, i roto i te rerekē ki te rehe, e kore ake i pera nui. hanga ratou wātea atu tenei.

He tika rawa mataaratanga kiripaka. Ko to ratou tika ± 15 hēkona / marama. nui ki te whakatika i te pānuitanga e rua i te tau.

karaka mamati Wall-eke

whakaatu Digital me kiato - ko te āhuatanga motuhake o tenei momo o te machinery enei. mataaratanga Electronic Kei te whakamahia nuitia rite integrated. Ka taea te kite ratou i runga i te Papatohu o te motokā, i roto i te waea pūkoro i roto i te oumu ngaruiti me te TV.

Ka rite ki te huānga roto ko maha taea ki te whakatau i te hoahoa matarohia atu rongonui, e ko, ki te tohu pere.

Haora pakitara hiko ki te uru maitai ki te roto i te kāhua o hi-tech, hou, Hikohiko. kukume ratou matua mo tona taumahinga.

E ai ki te momo whakaatu mataaratanga hiko he LCD me arahina. He nui ake mahi te whakamutunga, rite e marama.

E ai ki te momo mana supply karaka hiko (taiepa, me te tepu) e wehea ki whatunga, whakahaere i 220V me batareechnye. pūrere atu watea o te rua o nga momo, mai kore e rapua e te reira i te aroaro o te putanga tata.

Clocks cuckoo

timata kaimahi German ki te whakaputa ia ratou mai te timatanga o te rau tau tekau ma waru. I ngā wā hanga Wall cuckoo karaka o te rakau. miro nui whakapaipai hanga rite ki manu whare i whakapaipai nohonga taonga.

I te wa, i rongonui i roto i te Soviet Union me te mua Soviet Union tauira ngāwari. tau te roa o Wall cuckoo karaka waitohu "Mayak" whakaputaina e te tipu i roto i te pa Russian Serdobsk. Weights i roto i te puka o tihi kauri, te whakapaipai ki te whakairo whare ngāwari, pepa huruhuru tikanga tangi - na mahara ratou te whakatupuranga kaumatua.

karaka taiepa Na matarohia ki te koekoeā - he rarity. Ko e tika ana ki te utu nui o te tauira-kounga tiketike tenei. Ki te kore e tangohia e koutou ki te pūkete te kiripaka mahi toi kaimahi Āhia, hanga o te kirihou, cuckoo tino mīharo kukuyut anake i roto i te mau utuafare o exotics connoisseurs haora. Pau, tikanga matatini, hiako huruhuru, miro pai i runga i te whare - titau tenei katoa he rota o mohio mahi ā-ringa. nga kaihanga tino rongonui anake e taea te whakaputa i taua tauira.

karaka Pūoho

Ko te tino noa "karaka" i roto i te roto tenei.

Ratonga - te āhuatanga atu tuatahi e i whakatinana i roto i te haora. Arai i roto i te tau 1847 e te Wīwī Antoine Rede.

I roto i te tauhira tangi karaka papamahi whakaoho aunoa whakaputaina e collisions o te hama i runga i te paraharaha whakarewa. He nui ake reka tauira Electronic.

I te mahi o ngä püoho e wehea ki iti-rahi me te nui-rahi, papamahi me te ara.

hanga whakaoho Papamahi Clock te ki motors motuhake mō te clockwork me te tohu. Mui ratou takitahi.

Ki te rongonui o te kiripaka mataara hinga karaka whakaoho aunoa. He maha ngā take. Papamahi karaka whakaoho ki kaupapa kiripaka e puāwaitanga whakaaro pūkaha ki te maha o painga: he ratou tika ake, e kore e rapua e te tipu rā, e ngāwari ana ki te tiki i te hoahoa ruma ratou. I tua atu, he marama, e kore wehi o fepulopulasi me taka ratou.

kei te huaina Mechanical karaka ringa whakaoho te "tohu". Taua tauira hua he torutoru umanga. Na, kohikohi tauira mohiotia i huaina "kirikiti peresideniraa"

"Cricket" (mō te kirikiti English.) - i raro i te kamupene Swiss hua Vulcain tenei ingoa mataara ki whakaoho mahi. E mohiotia ratou e te meka i ratou rangatira peresideni American: Duayt Eyzenhauer, Garri Trumen, Richard Nixon ko Lindon Dzhonson.

haora Kōrero mō ngā tamariki

Time - he kāwai taumauri matatini, me te i te wa ano i te inenga rahinga tinana e hiahiatia te. ora te tangata i roto i te wa. Kua i roto i te hōtaka kindergarten o whakangungu me te mātauranga e whakaratohia ana mo te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki mo to ratou takotoranga i roto i te wa.

Whakaakona te tamaiti ki te whakamahi i te karaka, ka taea e koe, te taenga atu ano ako ia te pūkete. Āwhina i roto i tenei tahora. Ka taea e koe te whakakotahi i te tiaki i te poari ki te mahi ia rā, whakatakoto i te reira katoa mo mārama i runga i te pepa tūtohi. Ka taea e ngā akomanga whakarite kia ki ngā āhuatanga o te kēmu, te whakamahi i te panga ki te pikitia.

haora Kōrero mō ngā tamariki pakeke 6-7 tau o ako i runga i te wā kaupapa. Me tuku Material kia kia rite ki te meinga te anaanatae i roto i te kaupapa. whakamōhio tamariki i roto i te puka wātea ki te hītori o haora o ratou whakaaro i roto i te mua, me te hakari. Na, whakaritea tenei matauranga te. Hei whakaatu i tēnei parau tumu o te haora māmā - te ra, te wai, me te ahi. Ēnei wā e whakaarahia taku moni o tamariki i roto i te rangahau, ka whakawhanake whakaaro auaha me te pākiki. Ko whakaute o te wa ratou.

I te kura, i roto i māka 5-7, ki ako i te hītori o te tenenga o haora. Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te matauranga riro i roto i te akomanga tamaiti tātai arorangi, hītori, geography, ahupūngao. Ko te kupu i whakaritea te rauemi internalized te. Watches, ratou tenenga me te whakapai ake e whakaaro hei wāhanga o te History o Material Culture, te whiwhinga o e whai ki te whakatau i nga hiahia o te hapori. Ka taea te whakatakoto wā Kaupapa e whai ake: ". Inventions e puta ke te hītori o te taata"

I roto i te kura nui, ko te mea tika ki te haere tonu ki te ako haora hei apatoko ki te ahua me te rerehua roto hi'oraa. He mea nui ki te whakauru i ngā tamariki ki te ritenga haora ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te mau parau tumu o te kōwhiringa o karaka roto. Ka taea te oti rawa tetahi o nga mau haapiiraa ki te whakahaere wā.

āta whakaatu ana te hītori o te tenenga o haora te tonu o whakatupuranga, tona ako - tikanga whai hua o te hanganga o te ao o te tangata taitamariki.