Haurongo, te ora me te mahi o Ostrowski

Ko te ora, me te mahi o Ostrovsky - he whārangi itoito i roto i te haurongo o te tangata, ka hinga tamataraa nei wahi.

whānau

whanau i roto i te kainga Iukereiniana o Vilia - Kaituhi Nikolay Alekseevich Ostrovsky (1936 1904) Volyn kawanatanga i roto i te utuafare o te hōia. Ruau, Ivan Vasilevich Ostrovsky, ko te āpiha kore-whakahau ano, hero o te pakanga o 1855 ki a Malakhov Hill i roto i te korero o Sevastopol. Tau o tona ora Ostrovskogo Ivana Vasilevicha tühonohono te ki te mua hautoa o Russia o te rau tau XIX.

Matua, Aleksey Ivanovich Ostrovsky, - rite i te āpiha-i whakahau ano kore o te ope emepaea i roto i te tūranga. I whakawhiwhia e ia te St. George e whakawhiti mo toa i roto i te hopu o Shipka me Plevna. Tau o te ora Ostrovsky Alexey Ivanovich ko te whakapehapeha o tona tama.

Mother o Nicholas, he Czech i iwi, ko te wahine koa, me te atamai, te wairua o te kamupene. Ko te whānau ora nui i roto i, pononga puritia, ko tonu o manuhiri tonu te whare.

tamarikitanga

miharo Little Kolya a tawhio noa ana aravihi. I te tau o 9 tau, puta ia i te kura pāriha, me haere ki te ako atu, engari whakaritea whakarau te kore. I roto i te 1914, ngaro tona papa tona mahi, a ka hinga te ora te pō. i te whare ki te kia hokona, wehe te whānau. Alexey tahi me Nicky haere ki whanaunga i roto i Ternopil, te wahi faaau ki te mahi rite te forester.

Nicolai Ostrovsky, haurongo , me te auaha ko maere rerekē, ka he tuari kaiāwhina i te teihana tereina i roto i te pa o Shepetovka, me te tau i muri mai ka timata ki te mahi rite te hiko. I roto i te Mahuru 1918, tomo te tangata taitama te kura tuatahi Shepetovskaya, i pai nei oti i roto i te tau 1920.

tamarikitanga

hinga He maha o nui puranga ao i runga i te kuao Nikolaya Ostrovskogo: Te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, a ka te Hui-tanguru Revolution o 1917 te tau e whai ake nei i te Oketopa Revolution me te whawhai ā e mutu anake i roto i te Ukraine i te tau 1920. I roto i te Shepetivka te huri tonu te mana, i hoatu e nga Tiamana ara ki te White amo, te hunga, i roto i te tahuri, peia atu te Army Whero, ka haere mai nga Whites i muri ia ratou Petliurists. Shepetovka civilians tūkinotia i maha kēnge i pahuatia, ka patua.

Ko te kura Nikolai Ostrovsky ko he rangatira, i horo'ahia ia ki te ākonga i roto i te Kaunihera Whakaako. I roto i te 1921, i haere ngā te whakamātautau me te riro he tiwhikete o te paari. I roto i te taua tau, piri Ostrowski te Komsomol, a i roto i te taka ka ia he ākonga o te ahiahi tari o te Kiev College o Electromechanics. haere Nicholas ki te mahi i roto i to ratou tikanga, hiko. mahi Life me te auahatanga Ostrovsky i roto i tona ākonga hei tauira mō ētahi atu.

Hunger me matao

Ki te whakaahua tatou te ora, me te mahi Ostrovskogo I roto i te poto, ka tonu te mea ngā, kōrero kōrero e pā ana ki te, tangata kaha-mea tohe ki pūtake. He tau pou-pakanga uaua, i reira ka kaha whakamoti, e kore te kai nui, waro, rongoā. College ngā ākonga ko Nikolai Ostrovsky roto ratou mahi wahie, ki te whakarato te hopoia i te mahana Kiev mīti. I tua atu, hanga nga ākonga i te raina rerewhenua i runga nei ki te kukume i te ngahere hauhake i roto i te pa. Aita i maoro roa Ostrovsky makariri, ka tangohia ana ki tona moenga. I roto i te huru fifi, i tonoa e ia te whare, te wahi pau ia i te marama torutoru. Life me auaha Ostrovsky poto whakaahua uaua, ko reira he aratohu ora mo whakatupuranga o pehea ki te hinga i te mau fifi.

I roto i te mutunga, kua heke haere te mate, a haere ana hoki Nicholas ki te kura, me te mahi. I a puta ke te College ki te Institute, engari ki te riro i ngā ākonga o te whare wānanga kihai i Ostrovsky, no te mea mutu ano te reira mate. Mai reira, ka te kaituhi heke mai he auau hōhipera manawanui, pokapū hauora, haumanu me dispensaries. Studies i ki te waiho, whakawehi te tamaiti ki te waru hōhipera moenga mo te wā tuatau.

I roto i te 1922, whakatikaia te kino i wehi o kaiwhakaako, me o Nikolaya Ostrovskogo, ko ia he tātaritanga whakamataku - ankylosing spondylitis. Tenei te tikanga oti immobility, mamae me te mamae, i te tau torutoru i muri mai ki te hohonu hinengaro ongó o te kaituhi ka taea ki te haere na roto i te whakapakoko o te hero o te pūrākau "pehea I konatunatua te Steel" Pavel Korchagin. Ko te mahi e whakaata ana i te meka o te ora Ostrovsky, ata te haurongo o te kaituhituhi. pūāhua resistance Pavel Korchagin - ko te faaauraa tika ki te kaituhi o te pukapuka.

mahi Komsomolskaya

He huahua poto o te ora, me te mahi Ostrovskogo taea whakakitea te āhua o tenei tangata maia. Ina e whakakahore Nicholas ona waewae, neke ia ki te uaua, te whakawhirinaki i runga i te kakaho. I tua atu, he kore piko te waewae maui. I te tau 1923 oho Ostrovsky ki tona tuahine i roto i te pa, me te reira riro hēkeretari rohe Berezdiv o te whakahaere Komsomol. Tatari ia whanui ara i roto i te mahi mara o mana'o hapori whakatö mara. kua oti rawa katoa o tona hui wā Ostrovsky ki te iwi taitamariki i roto i ngā wāhi mamao, whakahaere ia ki te faauru iwi taitamariki ki kōrero e pā ana ki te heke mai kanapa. tautooraa ngā utu i roto i te kainga tino mamao i reira nga pūtau Komsomol, anaanatae i awhina tamarikitanga ratou rangatira ki te whakatinana i te Māoritanga kominiusi. ka ora me te mahi o Ostrovsky i rangatira Komsomol o te pou i te tauira mō te tokomaha o ana kau muimui taitamariki.

1924 Ko te wāhi koki tuatahi mo Ostrovsky, piri ia te Party Communist. Na ka riro ia hei mema o rongoā banditry, kua tona melo i roto i Chon (ope motuhake) kua tetahi rohe o mahi o te toa kaha mo te mana'o o te taurite ao. Life me te auahatanga Ostrovsky tau manukanuka mo te whenua ko te tauira o te whaiaro patunga-. Hamani koe ki te nanakia Nikolai Ostrovsky, kihai i tohungia e ia ia. Rite tonu te haere ki te mahi ki te whakangaro i te hoariri, e kore moe i te po. Next ka haere mai te tauanga, heke hauora. i te mahi ki te waiho, ka anga te wā whakaora roa.

Hōhipera, maimoatanga kaukau

tonu Arotake o te ora, me te mahi o Ostrowski te wā i roto i nei e tukinotia reira hakune. Hoki e rua nga tau, i 1924 ki te tau 1926, ko Nikolai Ostrovsky te Kharkov Medical-Mechanical Institute, i whakahaeretia te akoranga o te maimoatanga aru i te whakanohonoho. Ahakoa nga tautooraa o taote, i reira ko kahore he whakapai ake. Heoi, i taua wa, i hanga Nicholas maha hoa hou, ko te tuatahi o e Pita Novikov, he piri pono ki te kia whakatata ki te mutunga o Ostrovsky.

I te tau 1926, oho Nicholas ki Yevpatoria, he pa i roto i te wahi ki te hauauru o te kūrae Crimean. Reira ka waha e ia maimoatanga i roto i te hōhipera "Maynaki". I roto i Crimea, tutaki Ostrovsky ki Innokentiem Pavlovichem Fedenevym me Alexandra Alekseevna Zhigareva, nga tangata o mana'o tiketike, i huaina "te mua o te kura tawhito." Ka tākaro hoa New te tūranga nui i roto i te ora o te kaituhi, ka waiho reira te rua o nga matua. Harakore Fedenev Kia te hoa tata o te kaituhituhi, tona hoa i roto i te mau ohipa o te Māoritanga o te Communism. Alexander Zhigareva riro "whaea tuarua." Life me Works o Nikolaya Ostrovskogo mai te tühonohono ki enei iwi. e kore e hoa pono waiho.

Life i roto i Novorossiysk

atu fakahokohoko o te ora, me te mahi o Ostrovsky - ko tona noho i roto i te rohe Krasnodar i te Moana Black. I muri i te kupu tohutohu o kaiwhakaako, tonu Nicholas ki te ora i roto i te tonga. oho ia i roto i ki whanaunga i te taha whaea, whānau Matsyuk i Novorossiysk. I roto i a ratou, ka ora ia mo e rua nga tau, i te tau 1926 ki te 1928-th. tonu Hauora ki ma'ihia, haere kore e taea e Ostrowski, neke i runga i turu tootoo. te wa katoa i oti rawa ia ki pānui pukapuka e te hunga i te wahi nui o tona ora. Nicholas Ko te kaituhi tino Maxim Gorky, aru e Talafungani o tuhinga Russian: Gogol, Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy.

ngā ngā aro te Ostrovsky kaupapa o te Pakanga Civil, tamata ia ki matau nga take pakiaka o nga ngā o taua wa, ka patua teina teina, me te papa te tama. I roto i te kotahi manawa lau Artwork "CHapaev" Furmanova "Cities me Tau" Fedina, "Stream Iron" Serafimovicha "kaiwhiri" Libedinskii.

I roto i te 1927, ankylosing spondylitis, e pā Nikolai Ostrovsky, tae tona mutunga, mai oti pāpāngia o te waewae. E haere i kore e taea e ia, ara i runga i turu tootoo. Fakaongosia te mamae e kore e mutu hoki te meneti. Mai taua wa, Nikolai ro'i. he iti raruraru e mauiui o te tino, tuhituhinga Pānui pukapuka, e hopoi mai i nga ra pukapuka, e hoki ka hoa tata Ostrovsky. He putanga hoki te manawanui riro te reo irirangi e te hopoia, engari ngā reira ki te ao i waho.

I te mutunga o te tau 1927, e tango Nikolai Ostrovsky te tari reta o te Communist University Yakova Sverdlova, a ko tenei hui he hari mo'oni mo ia. riro hoa te kupu koa: "ako ahau i roto i te absentia teka !!!" Life mo te tūnga mate Ostrovsky hanga tikanga.

Na ka tupu tetahi kino - he mate kanohi. Ahakoa ko te mumura anake tenei, engari hohoro reira ka haere mai te mate o te kite. Kei te hua'tu araia Doctors ki te pānui i, e kore ki toaruaru i te kanohi. Aha ki te mahi, me pehea ki te ora i teie nei!?

Apartment i Sochi

I roto i te tūroro arohaehae mate puta Nikolaya Ostrovskogo wahine, Raisa Porfirevna, nei tutaki ia roto i Novorossiysk. Hoa aro ki te āwhina i te whānau taitamariki, whakawhetai ki te mau tautooraa Aleksandry Zhigarevoy Ostrovskim whakarato i tētahi fare i roto i Sochi. Taea ki te kohikohi i etahi moni, āta timata te ora ki te hanga. Otiia tonu te hauora a Nikolai ki ma'ihia, mahi musculoskeletal tata rawa ngaro, riro te tukanga kua tina heke. ngoikore hoki te kite ki i ia ra e haere atu me te ake uaua ki te pānui i ara nui o nga reta. Haora o poto era whakahokia titiro, engari meinga ano te pūrata iti te iwa. i catastrophic Ostrovsky hauora General, i tumanako o te ora. Hoa he tata tonu, a anake hoatu ana e ia he kaha ki te manawanui.

wā Moscow

Haurongo Ostrowski, kua tae te ora me te mahi i te wā hou i roto i Oketopa 1929, ka tae Nicholas me tana wahine i roto i Moscow hoki pokanga kanohi. Ahakoa te meka i i hoatu e ia ki roto ki te haumanu pai ki Ahorangi M. Averbakh, mumura whānui puta noa i te tinana meinga he urupare huakore. kihai i reira taea ki te whakahaere i te mahi.

i noho i roto i te fare hapori i roto i Moscow kua hë Ostrovsky mate nui. Wahine mahue hoki mahi, ka noho ia anake. Ko reira ka e i whakaritea ai ki te tuhituhi i te pukapuka. Ko whakaroau te tinana, a oho te wairua mo te whaiaro faaiteraa-. Aua'e, i pupuri ona ringa ki te nekeneke, heoi kihai i Nicholas kite. Na ka ka haere ake ia ki te pūrere motuhake, te pera-ka karanga "mārama", e ai i te reira taea ki te tuhituhi kui. Raina kapi ake rarangi tau i roto i, whārangi Writing he ngāwari, te wā ki te huri i te pepa, i tuhituhia i runga i te kupenga anake i.

Ko te timatanga o te auahatanga

Ngā wāhanga o te ora, me te auahatanga Ostrovsky whakaahua ia rite te tangata pakeke e kore nei i whatiia tetahi whakamātautau. Mate anake whakakaha reira i pai uaua. timata Nikolai Ostrovsky ki te tuhituhi tona mahi tuatahi te tangata tino mate, immobile me te matapo. Otiia, whakahaere ia ki te hanga i tētahi mahi ore e haere ki roto ki te tuhinga Russian Golden. Tenei pūrākau "pehea I konatunatua te Steel".

Papa'i te reira i pai i te po, ahakoa ko reira uaua. Māori Morning kohia marara i runga i te patunga witi manusinusi pepa, tika ratou ratou, ka ngana ki te poroporo i tuhituhia. Ko te tukanga mauiui, ia timata Ostrovsky ki arataki kuputuhi ki o ratou hunga aroha, a tuhituhi iho e ratou i te reira. haere tonu te take pai, e hiahia ana ki te mahi ki a takiwa te kaituhi. I roto i te ruma iti i roto i te fare hapori i roto i Moscow i haere ki noa e toru mau utuafare e pā ana, neke atu i te iwi kotahi tekau.

Heoi, e kore tonu i taea e ki te arataki i me te tuhituhi i tētahi kuputuhi hou i kotahi, mai i whanaunga katoa i pukumahi i te mahi. Na ka ui Nikolai Ostrovsky tona loki Galyu Alekseevu tuhituhi tuhinga ia takinga. Na ko tupato, haapiihia kotiro kaiāwhina mahuinga ia.

Roma "I maitai i konatunatua"

Ostrovsky vahe tuhituhia tāia, ka haere Aleksandre Zhigarevoy, ko wai i roto i Leningrad ka whakamātau ki te ringa i runga i te tuhinga mō te whakaputanga. Heoi, ko ona ngana katoa rahua, te mahi pānui, whakamoemiti a hoki ana. Hoki Ostrovskogo Roma "pehea I konatunatua te Steel" ko te tikanga o tona ora, ia ite e kore te tuhinga e tā.

I roto i Moscow, tamata te whakaputanga o te pukapuka ki te whakatinana i Innokentiy Pavlovich Fedenev, haere ia tona tuhinga ki te whare whakaputa "Young Guard" ka tatari mo te ētita whakautu. I muri i te ia, aru i te arotake e he tino kino. tohe Fedenev i re-whakamātautau. Na reira "i whati tio", hinga te tuhinga ki te ringa o te kaituhi Mark Kolosov, e āta pānui i te ihirangi o te pūrākau, me tūtohutia hoki whakaputanga.

Ko te whakaputanga o te pūrākau

Kaituhi Kolosov, tahi ki te tino ētita o te buka aamu hou "Te Young Guard" ngaua ake Karavaevoy te tuhinga, ka timata te hua ki te tā i ngā whārangi marama. Ko te wikitoria Nikolaya Ostrovskogo me tona pūrākau "pehea I konatunatua te Steel". Ki te mutu te kaituhi te kirimana, riro ia he utu, ka whai ora tona tikanga.

whakaputaina te mahi i roto i te buka aamu "te Young Guard" i roto i te ruma rima, i April ki Mahuru 1932. Ki te puipuitua o te mau utuafare te koa ao me whanaunga o te kaituhi i pouri ai e heke te pūrākau e whakakore rave rahi mau pene. Ōkawa faataa kaiwhakaputa tenei kore o te pepa, engari ko nga kaituhi e whakapono e "haua te pukapuka." Heoi, i roto i te mutunga, rihaina Nikolai Ostrovsky.

I muri mai, te pūrākau "pehea I konatunatua te Steel" toutou tāia noa atu, whakaaro mahi ko te tauira matarohia o te huru Russian mana'o. Kaituhi i tuhituhia tetahi pūrākau i huaina "Fanau o te Storm", engari, i roto i nga kupu o te kaituhi, "kua te hua kua iti," rawa mai mutu kihai i tona Ostrovsky i ki, ka mate ia i te tau o 36, a tanumia i roto i te Novodevichy Cemetery i Moscow .

pūmahara

Wā o te auahatanga Ostrovsky - ko te whārangi kānapanapa o te ara hautoa o te ora o te tangata i runga i a nei kahore kaha kahore mate, kahore oto hohonu. hanga te kaituhi kua kotahi noa wahi, engari ko reira te heheuraa na nui i roto i te tuhi, kihai i etahi atu kaituhi tupu hoki katoa o ratou e ora roa. Nikolai Ostrovsky me tona pūrākau "pehea I konatunatua te Steel" tuhituhia ake i roto i te hītori o te tuhinga Russian.