Kaitito wā o Pushkin: he rārangi o mahi

Kaitito o te wā o Pushkin - he āhuatanga e ko te tau koura o te whiti Russian me tautuhia anga 1810-1830 gg. (No te tohutoro: whai - Silver Age - kua 1894-1929 gg rohe.). Ki te te marama koura o te ra e homai, te marama po - hiriwa, engari e te tetahi atu kōrero, me he ano hoki rawa ngā.

Pehea, na, i reira ko he taua mea - "kaitito o te wā o Pushkin"? Katia ki Pushkin hanga maha lyricists ngingila. Ko he arorau tenei porohita ki te hanga i nga kaitito nei i tata ki te waiata nui i roto i te wairua, ngā tahi ia nga whakaaro taumauri, tūranga pāpori me te tāone, ngā whakapono matatika, me te rerehua, te iwi nei tohe ki te hoariri tuhituhi taua.

Kaitito Pushkin Times: rārangi

Na roto i te tuhi ake tenei rārangi, kia hiahia koe ki te kia tino āta whakatata. Ki te he tika ki te kia Zhukovsky Batiushkov ko D. Psalam, na Lermontov, Koltsov Polezhaeva reira me te tuku kua ki te wā poslepushkinskoy, kei peratia me ratou i te tahi atu mau fifi, me te pathos i whiti.

Heoi, te nuinga o maha kua whakapono reira e nga kaitito o te wā o Pushkin - ko reira te iwi e noho ana a mahi i tetahi wa ki a Pushkin. A kahore he mea pehea tata i fakalaumālie me i te wāhi tuhituhi o te tirohanga, te rohipehe nui ratou, i whakatakotoria anake i mahi ratou i roto i rotarota i te wa ano, ka whakapai ake tonu i ō rātou pūkenga mā te ako i ia atu.

Na, ko wai e nga kaitito o te wā o Pushkin? Te rārangi, o te akoranga, tīmata koe ki taua toi rite V. A. Zhukovsky ( "Svetlana", "Moana", "Lyudmila," "Kingi o te Forest," "Evening"), K. Batyushkov ( "Dream", " karere i I. M. Muravevu-Apostol "," taku kanga "," Ariosto ko Tasso "," Petrarch "), PA Vyazemsky (" puawai e pirau "," mau roimata o poroporoaki "," Village hahi "," Kingi Peas "" iwi pai "), AM Davydov (" pererina "," Borodino mara "," whaki Hussar "," taku waiata "," te whakaaro nui "," aroha ahau ki a koe, no te mea ... "," Siskin me rohi "), F. N. Glinka (" i te ora piiticheskoy o Pushkin "," Tuhinga runga i te whawhai o Borodino "," Hopa, free odrazhanie te Buka a Hopa, "" Huro! hoki patu e toru kotahi "), M. V. Milonov (" I ahu ki te kōpukupuku "," Ki toku tuahine "," rau e taka "," Pōpoaki ki te kaimahi "), PA Katenin ( "Natasha", "kaikohuru", "Taniwha", "Olga", "Andromache") me etahi atu e kua riro kē wahi ko kaituhi, me etahi i nui pakeke me atu mātanga atu Pushkin ia ia. Heoi, i muri i te whakaminenga ki a ia ka e ratou mōhio o ona pānga kaha, e rua tangata, me te toi.

Ko te kaupapa tino noa, me te rongonui o te tau koura o te rotarota i te karere hoa. Kaitito Pushkin Times Batyushkov ko Zhukovsky, nei whakaaro e ia ana ngā kaiako i ona matua, engari ka tino rite tenei ahua o te whiti, ka tonu Pushkin ia. Alexander aroha Batiushkov ka huaina e ia "te tangata tohe o te nui-spirited" me "te mangere hari Parnassian" no te mea taa ê Batiushkov whiti Euphony ranei, atu tika, he tangi waiata. patua ia alliteration faahiahia, i faahiti te orokati "s": "oaoa i roto i te puna ara"; "Puna lovelier" me pera i runga i. D.

Hoa akomanga-lyceum

Na i roto i tenei rārangi me hoki ngā ana hoa, ngā ākonga kura tiketike, me hoa tata: V. K. Kyuhelbekera ( "Griboyedov", "Ode ki te mate o Byron", "Argives," "I te matahiti 1829", "Ko te whakarau o kaitito Russian"), A. A. Delviga ( "A. S. Pushkinu", "mau roimata o te aroha", "Sonnet", "hopearaa") ko A. D. Illichevskogo ( "Hope", "nuku 19", "toru matapo te tangata", "te Merry me te take "," piliki me te tamuta "). E te ara, te whakamutunga o te ātahu tūturu o Pushkin ka karanga "te ara ataahua", "hoa me te hoariri" rite ai ia i whakaaro tona tāwhai matua i roto i te whiti.

ko matou i runga i taua rārangi, me to'utangata nei tutaki ki te rohi pehe nui i roto i te wā rerekē o tona ora, ka, o te akoranga, no te mea o ratou ake hi'oraa me taranata, kitea tonu ratou i tona ara ki roto ki te toi o te tuhinga. Tenei NM Reo ( "te Tempest", "Spring", "A. S. Pushkinu", "Trigorskoye", "Morning"), EA Baratynsky ( "Achilles", "Muse", "wairere") . Ratou ara auaha whakatata reira, ka wehe ki Pushkin.

Ki tenei rārangi e taea tatou te tāpiri i tētahi atu rōpū - te iwi nei i iti rawa taranata, engari i muri i ite i te mana kaha o te tuakiri me te āhuareka o te maramarama o Pushkin, tino ngāwari ki te ako i te kaupapa, me te humarie o te kāhua whiti mārama, me te mārama. Te reira i KF Ryleev ( "Ivan Susanin", "mate Ermak", "Dimitriy Samozvanets"), FA Tumansky ( "Birdy," "Elegy", "motherland"), VI Tumansky ( "Odessa "," Singer, "" TIFF "," Hemihemi "), V. G. Teplyakov (" Loneliness "," whārangi White "," Wairua "," taku wahine tawhito "), DP Oznobishin (" Pare " "ko te mea ngaro o te poropiti," "rewera hae", "Duma"), A. I. Podolinsky ( "te rota", "Portrait", "Haapiiraa", "Star"), me ētahi atu.

ta

I roto i tenei rārangi i reira ko te tahi mau ta me epigones o Pushkin, nei i tika riro te taranata whiti o te poto nui (PA Pletnev, M. D. Delaryu, V. N. Schastny, AA Shishkov, E. F. Rozen) .

I roto i te whānui, i enei ingoa katoa - ko reira te wa o te punake Pushkin. Davydov, Heoi, he nāianei pakeke o Pushkin, no ki whakapehapeha o te wahi i roto i tenei rārangi. whakaaro Pushkin tino o ana mahi whiti, a haere ana i te reira upoko tomo ki "whakakikī" te mau irava.

he reo tųpuna, ahurei, me te tino taketake a Hussar Davydov. whakanohoia e ia i runga i te kanohi tuhituhi maia me te hikaka, atamai, upoko tomo me te koa pehe pehe te hunga whakahi-pori e kore nei ruarua ki ofati i te mua ritenga pāpori , me te te ti-, ia pai ia te tapatahi, me te te tika o nga kupu mannerisms cutesy, i hōhā i ai e ia .

Gusar-pehe

Ko e mo'oni, i matara atu i te angelvmi ko reira nga kaitito o te wā o Pushkin. Davydov Denis i rite hoki tetahi mahi Vasilevich roto hoa marohirohi, a whaia ana i roto i "takaro noa" i waenganui i whawhai. kihai i taea e ia te tu careerists me kaitotohe, rīpene whero katoa me te drill. Ko ia tonu, ara i roto i te mau taime o te okiokinga poto, e kore e wareware e pā ana ki te motherland me fatongia hōia i roto i mua o ia. He ahurei i roto i tona ara ake tona rotarota, i whanau ai i roto i nga whawhai, kaupapa, me te wā i waenganui i whawhai, a ko ia whakakake o.

pehe Tino taketake wa o Pushkin. Davydov Denis Vasilevich I te tauira o te hussar kanohi hikareia me te rohi pehe razgulnika, kia werawera atu a kihai i tangohia e te reira atu, ki te hanumi ki reira.

I roto i whakatangi ana lyrics "hussar" waiata, rotarota Sapphire me te aroha Elegy, hanga ana e ia he momo hou o te hero - he toa-konohi, herekore-'ofa, kaha, me tuwhera wairua o te tangata.

Vyazemsky - he rohi pehe wā o Pushkin

Tonu te kaupapa tino kia tuhia e aroha Pushkin ka whakaaro Vyazemsky. E au ra te reira ki a ia e te whakaurua ai e te natura hiahia me te tikanga tika o te ao hurihuri. Ko reira te tangata extraordinarily erudite o te matauranga encyclopedic.

Haunga Vyazemskij - piri, me te theorist o romanticism Russian. Otiia i roto i ana i tuhituhi ai, aroha ia ki te haere ki te tautohetohe, i hoatu nga mahi he tetahi maroke, me te paku muffled huru aronganui me te aroha. ko te tino rite ki Pushkin tona ahurea whiti. whakaaro Vyazemsky ia te kainga o te rau tau XVIII, he tahi o nga philosopho French pērā i Voltaire, nei i Age ngingila o Māmá.

puta Pyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky rite te rohi pehe no te o te aroha o te mātauranga me te take, kua ngā reira liberalism, ko ia he noa-whakaaro, e tohe mo te painga mahi harangotengote, me te kāwanatanga. Heoi, i roto i tona mahi, ko ia he momo, me tino tiaki ki ngā momo tūturu o te rotarota - ode karere hoa haere noa-aroha, Elegy melancholic, tito, kupu whakarite, epigrams, pūhohe me didactics.

A. A. Delvig

Ko tētahi o nga kaitito o te wā o Pushkin ko Anton Antonovich Delvig e, pērā Vyazemsky, tona romanticism kakahu i roto i momo puāwaitanga. whakamahia e ia te tawhito, Roma me Kariki, ngā āhuatanga whiti a whiriwhiria hoki tona idyll whiti momo. Hei tauira, te pānga o te scene taua e wahi i roto i te puku hauhautanga i raro i te rakau i roto i te puna pīataata. e kore te nui ke te katoa ratou mau mana'o, me hiahia - tona lyrical. ka karanga tetahi o te pai o ana whiti te - "Idyll". Tenei parau ia te kōrero o te nui te aroha o rua iwi taitamariki, e mau ki tetahi ki tetahi ake. I roto i ona tuhi lyrical i taea ki te kawe i te āhuatanga, te hōhonu me te hanahana o enei mau mana'o ngawari ia. Ko te āhua rawa o nga atua, a mamae tahi ratou, a tae noa, ina kua mate nga pūāhua, tiakina ope teitei te mura o to ratou aroha.

A, no te tai'oraa i te mahi o Delvig kia mea he e ko ia he classicist mutunga, e puta i roto i te wa whaiāipo (parau reira tona kāhua, te rahi me te momo, tangohia tika i te classicists). Ko tatau te reira ki a ratou e kore te mea e tika ana. Delvig - tūturu faka'amu whaiāipo o ngā wā roa-ngaro onamata, i te ao ope o te au maite puāwaitanga me te au maite.

he whakama i roto i te hapori o tenei ra, te wahi i reira kua roa kua aroha pono me te auhoaraa, te wahi i te tangata mana'o dissonance ki te hapori, ki a ratou ano, me wehi o te heke mai ia. whakaurua Delvig ki te momo idyll rerekē mō tenei momo o te pouri mo te mutunga o te tau koura.

i roto i te mea whakaae ki Delwig, te kitenga o Pushkin ia ano hoki e te mauritau me te ataahua, maoro, mate, engari i muri hoki, anake tenei wa i roto i te puka tino rerekē. Te pouri me te aituā, pouri me te pouri, me te katoa e he ataahua, - manuhiri rangitahi i roto i tenei ao, me te, haamo'e, e kore e whai mana ake ake.

karauna Ataahua pera-ka karanga tau koura o nga kaitito he wa o Pushkin. Delvig - tetahi faufaa rahi tona whakapaipai.

NM Reo

Tino rerekē i roto i te reo ko te whiti Nikolaya Mihaylovicha Yazykova, e tuhituhi e pā ana ki te pathos whaiāipo o te haere noa te tangata. whakapono ia i roto i reira na unrestrainedly wheako ora koa, me te māhorahora. Reo - te wā pehe o Pushkin, e aroha te ora, a ko koa tonu tona mahi kikino i roto i ona faaiteraa katoa. Taua te huru e kore whakawhirinaki i runga i tetahi whakaaro taumauri tōrangapū ranei, ko reira hikaka. e kore e Reo tātari me te ngana ki te matau. E arotahi ana lyrics i runga i te āhua o te tangata, ano he oranga Ariki, me te kore utu. I roto i etahi o paheke tonu etahi pouri me te pouri, engari he mea tino onge ana fakatupú, he onge take pērā mooni. Tenei āhua o te ngakau e kore he ri'ari'a, e kore ngoikore, me te ngāwari nui ki te hinga.

Ko te reo whiti o te kaituhi faaite te kāwanatanga rawa mārama, me te ngākau nui o te ataahua, me he aroha nui hoki te ora. No reira ona momo pokapū - himene me whakamoemiti. Ka taea e ngā reo e tetahi momo, ahakoa te mea he Elegy he waiata, waiata, karere ranei, ranei, ki te tahuri ki te himene i te poroporoaki ranei. A e herea ratou ki te kia te nuinga e ahuareka, me te koa.

Ki te ako ki te āta whakapuaki i tenei haere noa rite te ahuareka whaiāipo o te wairua, ka tahuri te reo ki Pushkin, tei tauturu i kawe i tana kāhua whiti ki te tino. rere āhuatanga reo, kahore tutukitanga, mooni piri te kupu ki tahi i te tahi, taukei te wā whiti, i taea e ia te whakahou i tona mahi, kahore he mutunga. Tauira - te karere "D. V. Davydov. "

EA Baratynsky

Ki te whakawakia Yazikova to'utangata i roto i whakaaro rawakore, i roto i tetahi atu punake, Baratynsky, kaipānui i kore makona ratou i te taikaha.

Whiwhi auaha Evgeniya Abramovicha Baratynskogo, tuatahi o te katoa kia tuhia te reira e muri Pushkin ko te rohipehe tino hohonu o tona whakatupuranga, ko wai ka tae ki te tuhinga i muri Zhukovsky me Batyushkov. I roto i tona rotarota nuinga nuinga elegies me rotarota. e kore ia haere mai ki rotarota Russian rite te rohi pehe elegik pai.

Tino rerekē nga whakaaro wa auaha pehe o Pushkin ratou. Baratynsky rerekē rawa i ratou ritenga i roto i Peru ko Batiushkov Zhukovsky, e tumanako tonu hoki te pai. I whakaae Zhukovsky e te oaoa ko te tatari tonu mo te iwi i roto i te tahi atu ao, me e ko te wahi e kitea e ratou te rongo, nonga, me te aroha. Batyushkov i muri i tona "kaupapa iti" i roto i i tohu ia i roto i whanau te tangata e ki te ora koraha ata, me aroha kotahi tuki a tonu ka timata ki te rapu whakawhirinaki i roto i te karakia.

Otiia i whakama i roto i nga mea katoa Baratynsky, kihai ia i whakapono i roto i te au maite o te rangimarie ki runga ki te whenua, nui iti i roto i te rangi, a ka i ruarua te taea o te oaoa "i konei" a "i reira." E ai ki a ia, te tangata tuatahi bifurcated ka pakaru a reira e kore e taea e kitea tetahi au i tona wairua ranei ki te ao waho. whakapono ia e ko te reira i te ture o te raupapa ao.

Baratynsky rawa ngā speculates e te tinana tangata, ko te matemate a herea ki te whenua, a ka kua tonu haea te wairua i roto i te rangi, a ka he te reira tahuti ore. Otiia maha, e kore e te wairua tu ake wheako te fenua katoa me mate ki te aroaro o te tinana, me te tinana rite ki ta te kowaiwai o te take, me nga rongo, a reira horihori. Kei te whakaaro ano hoki te reira e te tangata i homai te weriweri e i ora ai ia puai a tino, ko te ora ia romia ake i roto i te wā tino kuiti o iku'anga.

e kore enei ngā whakahēnga katoa taea ngaro ranei whakakorea, e kore houhia, mai te mea te ture o te ora. Baratynsky - Mahalo, kihai i ia na āwangawanga e pā ana putanga i te riri ano rite whakaaro noa e pā ana ki reira. Mō tona ora, e ai ta ia rite mooni mo te mauiui tangata e apee i te reira i te whanau ki te mate.

I roto i te mahi ka kite Baratynsky to'utangata he punake pūmanawa Pushkin matua kura. Otiia i muri mai, kihai i matau ki tona mahi te faaino. Ko nga Symbolists Russian, i mohio a ia kia rite ki te Kaituhiwaiata nui, me te motuhake me te philosopho, ua tamata ki te whakatinana i roto i ngā rārangi whiti o te tahi mea hohonu, me te uaua ki te tuku.

uara

e kore e mahi tonu kaitito wā o Pushkin i te huru o te rangimarie me te au maite. pinepine haere ratou kōrero tuhituhi kino, ngau a te tino maha tōkeke whakaeke polemic i roto i te kōrero kino ia hoariri whakapehapeha.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, i reira i te tahi mau fifi i roto i te ora tuhituhi, engari whakawhanakehia tere te whiti o te wa pera-ka karanga a Pushkin ka tae te ahurea tiketike. A, o te akoranga, e herea ana e ia ki reira i roto i te wahi A. tuatahi S. Pushkinu, hohonu, i runga i te taumata o te maramarama e kua pa ki Russia tikanga mo te hanga o te whiti, me te whiti dovedshy kupu hano tatau ki te tino.

whakatuwheratia kaitito wa o Pushkin ki a tatou te tau koura o tuhinga Russian, i noho wā kē kanapa whati auaha o te Muses kāinga. Na inaianei to tatou i te rave'a no te oaoa i to ratou mahi nehenehe.

mutunga

O te akoranga, e kore anake ki Pushkin hinganga o te reo o te rotarota Russian i āhuatanga, engari ko te reira i te ra i roto i te rangi, e kukume rite to tatou pūnaha planetary atu kanapa, me te pīataata, pai-tohua ao whiti, ia o nei i te kaha ki te kukume ki tona ohuraa atu āmiorangi iti.

Kaitito Pushkin Times - he nui turanga o katoa o te whiti Russian. Ki te ratou auahatanga Me tika ki te whakatau me te tūhura taea. Kia aroha mai, tenei wa vzroschennaya Pushkin nga tupuni o kaitito mau tiketike rawa, a ki reira he kore ara ki te kōrero e pā ana ki ia tetahi. ka katoa o ratou te whakapaipai matua o te ao o Bohemia i o whiti.