He aha ko Russia i te waenganui o te rau tau XIX? Whakarāpopototanga o te "Notes o te Hunter"

Ka timata ahau toku kōrero e pā ana ki te rangatira tino o te kupu, whanau a te whenua Russian, me kotahi wāhanga nui. Ko te hui, e ia ia Mateoho me te mauruuru mahara neke atu i te kotahi. E Ivanu Sergeevichu Turgenevu i te teihana rerewē iti i whakatata e rua kaimahi taitamariki, me te tika e pā ana ki, he reira pono fehangahangai ratou te kaituhi o "Notes o te Hunter". Rongo te hoê pahonoraa papû, piko ratou e rua ki a ia i roto i te hope, e mea ana i ko reira ia - te kopere o te iwi Russian (i roto i te waenganui - te mutunga o te rau tau XVIII ki mohio he whakarāpopototanga o "Notes o te Hunter" i te tohu o te reka pai). Whakapono ahau, kaipānui aroha, e kore i te reira i te mahi rere totoa o te iwi taitamariki. Ko te whakaatu hohonu o te tūranga whaiaro o te kaituhi i roto i te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom.

Kia tahuri tatou ki te āhuatanga pukapuka. I roto i te timatanga, mōhio tatou: i runga i tenei tuhituhi taumata ariki - rotarota i roto i te tuhi - ko e rua anake iwi: Gogol ko Turgenev. Whakakite i te whakarāpopototanga o "Notes o te Hunter" kia timata ki te kōrero whiti, me te mohio o Turgenev "Polecat me Kalinych". Ko tōna whakaaro matua - ki ā-kaihe aroha o te iwi e rua - ki te ariki me te serf, he taea, pea, anake i roto i Russia. Marino, whanganga arorau kairetiwhare polecat harmoniously kīnaki Kalinych aronganui.

Ko te protagonist o Turgenev, whakamau tahi te waiata "Memoirs ..." - i roto i te aroha ki tona whare kairetiwhare iti marama o te kawanatanga Oryol. I te mo o te haere na roto i te chernozems taketake, me te expounds Turgenev "Notes o te Hunter". He maha mata ihirangi o te kōrero: rongo te kirehe mohoao nga tamariki e kawea mai nga hoiho i te po ( "Bezhin wiwi"), ka whakamarie ano parau o oto waiata iwi ( "kaiwaiata"), ka faaite i te mea ngaro - o te tangata marama taea te huaina tona hinengaro whenua taketake e pā ana ki te Atua Wanderer Kasyanov hoari Ataahua.

hanga Turgenev pera toi-tino, me te kia ataahua, whakapakoko tūturu o peasants, bourgeoisie iti, tutua, e taka i roto i te aroha ki a ratou te kaipānui tahuri, engari i te wa ano, "Notes o te Hunter" he pukapuka pono, me te lyrical e pā ana ki te iwi Russian te XIX waenganui rau. ko reira Landlordism te puka matua o te pāmu. Heoi, i hou kaiwhakarēti Ivan Sergeyevich i to ratou Charisma taikaha me he tawhiti ngākau i te Catherine rangatira ( "rāhipere Water"). Te hanga i tētahi whakarāpopototanga o "Notes o te Hunter," Ka taea e tatou te mea i taua serfdom i te rau tau XIX, he ruha tino. kihai i He nui e ki te whānuitanga, ngā kaiwhakarēti kāinga whakahaere mahi ratou pononga arraignment me te whiu.

Serfs, i roto i te tahuri, i kahore tika. ngāwari e taea te kino ia ratou, ki te hanga pouri, ratou e taea e kore ki te whānuitanga e tika ana ki te hoko o ratou, me to ratou oraraa. Ehara i Koinei, te hapori haka, ki te tahuri iwi ki pononga, serfs tangohia o maha ngā mahi pāpori. maha kua heke te ora Aue kaimahi ki te waina, e takoto ana, mangere. E mea pinepine, e pupuri i te whare katoa i hoatu ai ki runga ki nga pokohiwi o wahine, ia inu te tangata. A ka riro fuu ora, ka whawhati i koroke toto poauau, me te kino o te mahi. Ko te ingoa taketake "patoto!" I hoatu te kaituhi ki tetahi o ana mahi. Ko te whakaaro o te mōrea o te mārō o tutu i roto i te hapori, ko te ihirangi kōrero poto. "Notes o te Hunter", rite i a Hēnare i whakarāpopoto reira i muri mai aua kōrero "Mumu": e rongo te iwi nunui wahangu matapo te tata, rangatira iti.

huringa kōrero o Turgenev (hopea whakaputaina i roto i te 1852) He wāhi nui i roto i te whakaoranga o te koraha. Kia whakamārama tatou te whakaaro whakamutunga (i muri katoa, matou e matau kua te whakarāpopoto o te "Notes o te Hunter"). Hohonu lyric, Ivan Sergeyevich, kore mōhio o tona fatongia ki te hapori. Ahakoa kihai i aroha o ngautuara reo, pakeke Turgenev, whakahē i te kaipupuri whenua iti-whakaaro, rangatira iti, ano nanakia, kuiti-mana'o faufaa, ngā kaiwhakarēti kaihau morare Zverkov, Stegunova, whakaaturia Penochkin reira ki te tonu. whakamahia e ia he patu atu kaha - raveraa paari, e wairua-kaikohuru mo te pono. Ko te raupapa i runga o ngā kōrero, rite tohua e te pukapuka, i hanga he ongo hohonu i runga i te neke atu i te kotahi take ki te pānui i te reira i te Russian Hiha Alexander II. Ka rite ki matau koutou, te iwi ratou mauruuru i huaina tenei kingi whakakorea serfdom, te Liberator.