He aha te mea te pūnaha io? Te pūnaha io, te kāwanatanga, me te tiaki o

, человек узнает еще в школьные годы. Ko te take i te pūnaha io taua, ako he tangata i roto i nga ra kura. I roto i te koiora whakarato piha mōhiohio whānui e pā ana ki te tinana kia rite ki te katoa, me te i runga i whēkau takitahi i roto i ngā. Hei wāhanga o te marautanga kura, ako tamariki e te āhua o te pūnaha io tei runga i te mahi noa o te tinana. I roto i te kaupapa toparaa fakahohaasi reira me ētahi atu whēkau. He ngā āhuatanga, e ki etahi whānuitanga pānga reira. характеризуют как одно из важнейших звеньев организма. āhuatanga te pūnaha io te rite tetahi o nga wahi tino nui o te tinana. ai te reira i te kotahitanga mahi o nga hanganga ā-o te kaiao tangata me te hononga ki te taiao o waho. Kia whakaaro tatou ki ta te pūnaha io.

hanganga

Hei matau ki ta te pūnaha io, ko reira tika ki te titiro ona āhuatanga katoa wehe. Ka rite ki te kōwae hanganga o nga mahi neuron. Ko te pūtau he konga. mekameka i hanga i neurons. Te kōrero e pā ana ki te mea te pūnaha io, hoki kia mea i te reira e te tito reira o e rua wehenga: pokapū, me te piringa. ngā te mua te roro, me te ua, te tuarua - te ururua i enei raru me knots. Conventionally, kua wehea te pūnaha io ki te autonomic me somatic.

pūtau

E wehea ratou ki ngā rōpū matua e rua: te afferent me efferent. начинается с рецепторов. tīmata te pūnaha io ki te receptor. kite ratou marama, oro, kakara. Efferent - motor - pūtau whakaputa me te unga ponana ki whēkau motuhake. ngā ratou o te tinana, me te karihi, maha tukanga, ka karanga dendrites. Ko te pūtau io i tawhiti te muka - axon. kia tona roa 1-1.5 mm. whakarato Axons he pini tuku. Ko te kiriuhi o ngā pūtau haepapa mo te tirohanga o te reka me te kakara, he hononga motuhake. huru ratou ki etahi matū mā te huri tona tūnga.

tari vegetative

обеспечивает работу внутренних органов, желез, лимфатических и кровеносных сосудов. Ko te mahi o te pūnaha io whakarato te okana, repe, waitinana me te toto oko ā. Ki etahi whānuitanga, ai reira me te mahi o te uaua. tukuna te pūnaha autonomic nga wehenga parasympathetic me pukuaroha. whakarato te whakamutunga te whakarerekē pū akonga me Airways, nui haere te pēhanga, auau ngakau nui haere iti, a pera atu. Ko te wehenga parasympathetic te kawenga mō te mahi o nga whekau whakaputa uri, tōngāmimi, tōu. Mai i haere mai te reira i te ponana e whakahohe atu raru (oculomotor, glossopharyngeal, hei tauira). Kei ngā pokapū i roto i te kātua o te roro, me te wahi sacral o te ua.

pathologies

Ka taea te huru e te āhuatanga rerekē Diseases o te pūnaha autonomic. Tino maha, te whakararuraru ko te hua o te tahi atu pathologies, pērā i te matenga whara, poisoning, mate. Ka taea te huru e te kore o te huaora, te ahotea auau feia faahuehue i roto i te pūnaha autonomic. E mea pinepine te mate "masked" tahi atu pathologies. Hei tauira, pakaru o te kōpuku mahi kātua waha rei ranei tohua mamae pouaka, whakawhānui ki te pokohiwi. He angamaheni mō te mate ngakau enei tohumate, na he maha tūroro māuiuitanga puputu'u.

ua

Waho, rite reira he taura. . Ko te roa o tenei wāhanga o te pakeke - e pā ana ki 41-45 cm rua thickening he reira i roto i te ua: lumbar me te whare tangata. E hanga e ratou pera-ka karanga hanganga raro me te innervation o te pito o runga. I roto i te ua i reira ko nga tari e whai ake nei: sacral, lumbar, rei, waha. taupokina te haere tona roa katoa ki te ngohengohe, u me te arachnoid.

roro

Kei te takoto te reira i roto i te angaanga. hanga te roro ake o matau, ka mahue tuakoi, aukati me te roro tuarongo. I kitea te reira e te taimaha o nga tangata neke atu i te wahine. tīmata tana whanaketanga roro i roto i te wā embryonic. Te rahi tūturu o te tinana tae āhua 20 tau. Na roto i te mutunga o te ora o te heke roro taimaha. Ko tari taratahi:

1. Ko te mutunga.
2. Intermediate.
3. Toharite.
4. Ko te muri.
5. Tapawhā.

tuakoi

Kei roto ratou i te ganglia basal me te pokapū olfactory. Ko te anga waho o tuakoi e te tauira, kaua uaua. Ko e tika ana ki te aroaro o rango me ngā awaawa tenei. ahua ai ratou he ahua o "tītaka". Ia tangata he tuhi ahurei. Otiia, i reira e rave rahi awaawa, te taua hoki te katoa. tukua ratou ki a koe tohatoha rima hea: frontal, kōpako, kōpako, te pae tino, me te huna.

reflexes unconditioned

– ответная реакция на раздражители. Ko te tukanga o te pūnaha io - te whakautu ki te whakaohooho. ako reflexes Unconditioned he kaiputaiao Russian rongonui, rite ahau P. Pavlov. E te nuinga hāngai ana ēnei tauhohe i runga i te whaiaro tiaki-o te tinana. Ko te hunga matua ko te kai, petipeti, arai. reflexes Unconditioned - congenital.

whakarōpū

uiui reflexes Unconditioned i Simonov. Kua tāutuhia Scientists toru ngā akomanga o ngā urupare tumu e ōrite ana ki te taiao ngā whanaketanga mara:

1. Vital. whakarato rātou i ngā momo takitahi me te tiaki o te tinana. Ēnei reflexes ngā kai, petipeti, ārai, inu, ture o te moe, etc. Ko te paearu mō taua tauhohe e :. amuamu mate Tinana ki te whakaritenga e hāngai ana, te whakatinanatanga o te tauhohenga i waho te whai wāhitanga o ētahi atu mau taata o te taua momo.
2. Tūnga. E mohio ēnei reflexes anake i roto i te pāhekoheko ki ētahi atu mau taata o te taua momo. Enei tauhohe hanga te turanga mo te matua, a na runga i rohe Whanonga.. He tino nui mō te "aroha", te kōwarotanga aronganui, te hanga i te nahanaha rōpū i roto i nei ia takitahi kua he tūranga ēnei whakaaro huritao - he matua, he hoa, he tamaiti, he manene ranei i te awhe ope, te rangatira pononga, a na i runga i.
3. Tauhohenga whaiaro. E whakahaua ēnei reflexes ki te whanaketanga o ngā taiao wāhi-wā, fehangahangai ratou te heke mai. Taua tauhohe ngā whanonga hōpara, whaihanga, me pera te ātete.

orientating pūpū

Kei te whakahuatia te reira i roto i te aro tairongo tumu, haere tahi i te āhua uaua nui haere. ka karanga te reira i faaitoitoraa hou ohorere ranei pūpū. karanga Scientists tenei tauhohenga "nastorazhivanie", manukanuka, ohorere. E toru ngā wāhanga o tona whanaketanga:

1. Whakamutunga o te mahi o nāianei, whakatika tūranga. Haimona karanga reira noa (kōkiri) braking. whakatika te reira i roto i te ahua o tetahi tohu ki te faaitoitoraa unknown.
2. Haere ki te tauhohe "whakahohenga". I tenei wā, kua whakawhitia te tinana ki te hihiko pūpū mo te tūponotanga o tūtaki te āhuatanga ohorere. Ko kitea i roto i te hua whānui i roto i te āhua uaua tenei. I roto i tenei wāhanga i reira ko te tauhohenga polycomponent. Kei roto te reira i tahuri o te matenga, i roto i te ahunga o te faaitoitoraa kanohi.
3. whakahihiko mara warea mo te tīmatanga o te tātari tohu me te kōwhiringa whakautu rerekëtanga.

uara

Orienting pūpū he wahi o te whanonga torotoro. Ko te tino kitea i roto i te taiao hou tenei. Ka taea te arotahi mahi rangahau i runga i te whanaketanga me te auaha, me ki te rapu hoki i te ahanoa e taea makona pākiki. I tua atu, ka taea e whakarato i te reira, ka tātari te hiranga o te faaitoitoraa. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, i reira te mea he tipu tūtohutanga o te analyzer.

tikanga

Ko te whakatinanatanga ko te putanga o te takotoranga kahuki ngā hihiri i waenganui i te plurality o hinonga nonspecific me āhuatanga CNS tauwhāiti. whakahohenga wāhanga whānui, hei tauira, e pā ana ki te whakarewatanga o te hanganga reticular me te timatanga o te uho excitation whānui. I roto i te tātari o te faufaa faaitoitoraa tuatahi ko te tuitui cortico-limbic-thalamic. He wāhi nui konei no ki te hippocampus.

reflexes makatuunga

I te tahuri o 19-20 tenetere. Pavlov, he roa te wa ki te tūhura i te mahi o nga repe kūnatu, tāutuhia i roto i nga kararehe whakamātautau e whai ake nei tītohunga. secretion nui ake o te wai pekitīlia me huware puta wā, i roto i te whakapā tika ki te kai i roto i te wahi kūnatu kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te anaanatae o tona taenga. I taua wa, e kore kua mohio ki te huarahi o tenei āhuatanga. Scientists whakamārama ana "whakaongaonga hinengaro" repe. I roto i te akoranga o muri, kawea tenei tauhohenga ko Pavlov ki herenga (riro) reflexes. Ka taea e ratou puta me te ngaro i roto i te akoranga o te ora. Hoki te ahua o te whakautu makatuunga e hiahia ana koe ki te ōrite e rua whakaohooho. Ko tētahi o ratou i roto i tetahi āhuatanga pāngia e te whakautu taiao - te pūpū unconditioned. Tuarua, i roto i te tirohanga o te mahi, e kore e whakapataritari reira tetahi tauhohenga. E parauhia te reira rite te tau'a ore (tau'a ore). Puta ki te pūpū makatuunga, kia tīmata te rua te faaitoitoraa ki pānga ki te aroaro o te tino, no te te hēkona ruarua. Ai kia iti te auraa koiora tuatahi.

Tiaki o te pūnaha io

Ka rite ki matau koutou, i runga i te tinana pā he momo o ngā āhuatanga. сказывается на работе других органов. Herenga o te pūnaha io pānga te mahi o ētahi atu tinana. Ahakoa huru e taea hapa iti arahi ki mate nui. I roto i tenei take, e kore tonu e pā ana ratou ki te mahi io. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kia utua aro nui ki āraihia. раздражающих факторов. Ko te mahi tuatahi, ko te ki te whakaiti i te pānga i runga i te nanamu pūnaha io. Kei te mohiotia te reira e te ahotea tamau, he kare he take o pathologies ngakau. Maimoatanga o enei mate ngā rongoā kore anake, engari ano hoki i tua, mahi therapy, me te pera i runga i. Ko e me'a mahu'inga ngā ko te kai. Mai i kai tōtika tika tei runga i te mana o ngā pūnaha me okana katoa. kia roto i te kai rawaka moni o huaora. tūtohu Tohunga ki ngā i roto i te kai o te tipu kai, otaota, huawhenua me hua.

huaora C

E ia he pānga pai i runga i ngā pūnaha tinana katoa, tae atu ki te io. whakaratohia Nā huaora C kei i te taumata pūtau o te putanga pūngao. whai wāhi ana tēnei pūhui e i roto i te kōtuitui o ATP (adenosine triphosphate). whakaaro Huaora C kua tetahi o nga antioxidants kaha tino, neutralizes reira nga pānga kino o Radicals free mā te hono ratou. I tua atu, he ahei te taonga ki te whakarei ake i te mahi, me te tahi atu antioxidants. I roto ia ratou, huaora E me te selenium.

lecithin

E whakarato ana i mo te tukanga noa o te pūnaha io. Lecithin - matūkai matua mō te pūtau. Ko te ihirangi o te wāhanga piringa ko e pā ana ki 17% i roto i te roro - 30%. Ki te puta iti rere lecithin haki. riro pukukino te tangata, e maha arata'i ki breakdowns io. he tika hoki ngā pūtau katoa i roto i te tinana te lecithin. Kei te whakaurua te reira i roto i te rōpū o te B-huaora me whakatairanga te hanga o te pūngao. I tua atu, whai wāhi lecithin te i roto i te hanga o te acetylcholine.

Music tamarû te pūnaha io

Ka rite i mea i runga, i roto i mate o te pūnaha io pokapū kore e ngā mehua whakaora te horopeta anake o rongoā. Kei te whiriwhiria akoranga haumanu, i runga i te mafatukituki 'o te maumaui rānei. достигается зачастую и без обращения к врачу. Na, tutuki whakangā o te pūnaha io te maha kahore tohutoro ki te tākuta. Ka taea e te tangata e kitea e ratou ake ara ki te atawhai ritenga. . Hei tauira, i reira e rerekē pepe mo haamamuraa te pūnaha io. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ko reira tito puhoi, maha kahore kupu. Heoi, ka taea e etahi iwi ata me te hīkoi. A, no te tīpako koe i te himene ki te kia arahina e ratou ake manakohanga. E mea titauhia anake ki te kite ki reira e kore i pouri te waiata. I teie mahana, kia rongonui nui riro te momo rorerore motuhake. fakatahai reira puāwaitanga, himene iwi. Ko te tohu matua o te faafaaearaa waiata - ata taeoliia. Te reira "takaia" te whakarongo, te hanga i te ngohengohe, ano roa "raukatauri" ki te tiaki i te tangata i akiaki waho. Ka taea e Relaktsiruyuschaya waiata e matarohia, engari e kore e Tira pūoru. Ko te tikanga e whakamana ai e mea kotahi: piano, kita, vaiolini, putorino. Kia hoki kia te reira i te waiata ki te recitative auau me ngā kupu ngāwari. Tino rongonui Ko nga oro o te natura - te kapakapa o rau, te haruru o te ua, manu. I roto i te taha ki te rangi o te maha taputapu ratou kawe atu te tangata i te arepurepu rā o te manawataki metropolis, atawhai mānukanuka manavasii, me te uaua. A, no te whakarongo whakaaro whakahau, homai oaoa ara ki whakarokiroki.