History o nga rorohiko o rerekē whakatupuranga

Ko te rorohiko tuatahi puta i muri i te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, ina kua whakaaetia te whakatuwheratanga o mathematicians me ētahi atu pūtaiao ki te ite i te ara hou o te tai'oraa i te mōhiohio. A ahakoa i tenei ra te mea i enei mihini tao'ao ke, ka e ratou nga tupuna o te tangata hou i roto i te huarahi i te PC mua.

Manchester "Mark ahau" ko EDSAC

Ko te rorohiko tuatahi i roto i te tikanga hou o te kupu, kua riro te pūrere "Mark ahau", hanga i roto i te tau 1949. takoto Ko tōna ahurei i roto i te meka i ko reira tino hiko, me i tona mahara pupuru ana i te hōtaka. Ko tenei paetae o tohunga Ingarangi he tīmatanga upoko nui i roto i te aamu roa o te whanaketanga o rorohiko. Manchester "Mark ahau" ngā Williams ngongo me pahu autō, i mahi rite he pātaka mō raraunga.

I teie mahana, e rave rahi matahiti i muri a'e, te kōrero o te hanganga o te rorohiko tuatahi ki te meinga tautohetohe. tonu pātai tautohetia, he aha te ahua o te mīhini e taea te huaina te rorohiko tuatahi. Manchester "Mark ahau" tonu te putanga tino rongonui, ahakoa i reira e te tahi atu contenders. Ko tētahi o ratou - EDSAC. e kia tino rerekē, kahore tenei mīhini hītori o te putanga o te tenenga rite te rorohiko. Ki te puta mai te "Mark" i roto i Manchester, i hanga te pūtaiao ope EDSAC i University Cambridge. faaue tēnei rorohiko i roto i Haratua 1949. Na, whakamana te hōtaka tuatahi i runga taua mea, whakaarahia nei i roto i te tapawha o te maha o te 0 ki te 99.

Z4

Manchester "Mark ahau" ko EDSAC tikanga hoki ngā hōtaka motuhake. Ko te mahi e whai ake i roto i te kunenga mai o te rorohiko, kua meinga Z4. E kore e iti, ngā te pūrere he kōrero whakaari o te orokohanga. I hangaia te rorohiko i mataaro pūkaha German Konrad Zuse. timata te mahi i runga i te kaupapa i roto i te whakamutunga wā o te Pakanga Tuarua. nui pakanga iho tenei whanaketanga tenei meka. i whakangaromia Laboratory Zuse i roto i te huaki i te rererangi hoariri. Me reira i ngaro te taputapu katoa me nga hua tuatahi o te mahi wā roa-.

Heoi kihai i hoatu e mataaro pūkaha pūmanawa ake. tonu Manufacturing i muri i te tīmatanga o te ao. I roto i te 1950, i te mutunga oti te kaupapa. Roa, me te tataramoa ko te kōrero o tona hanganga. Ko te rorohiko tonu hiahia tiairaa'ra. hokona e ia i te motokā. Z4 tohunga hiahia ki te taumu'a ulterior. Ko te rorohiko e te hōtaka ao, e ko, ko te pūrere maha-mahi tuatahi o tenei momo.

Ko te putanga o te rorohiko hiko Soviet

I roto i te taua 1950 hītori o te rorohiko i roto i te Soviet Union i tohua e te kaupapa e kore iti nui. mīhini rorohiko hiko iti - i hanga SECM i te Institute o Electrical Engineering Kiev. mahi ia i runga i te kaupapa i te rōpū o pūtaiao Soviet ahu e academician Sergei Lebedev.

Ko te pūrere o tenei mīhini ngā ono mano topuku marama. kaha nui taea ki a koe te tango i runga i nga mahi i nga mua tuatahi mo te toi Soviet. He pūrere tuarua taea te mahi e pā ana ki toru mano ngā mahi.

tauira arumoni

I roto i te wāhanga tuatahi o ratou rorohiko whanaketanga whai wāhi tohunga i ngä whare wänanga i ētahi atu tari kāwanatanga ranei. I 1951, i reira ko tetahi tauira Leo ahau, hanga e te kamupene Ingarangi haumi tūmataiti Lyons ko Company, nei o ratou rawa wharekai me ngā toa. Ki te haerenga mai o tenei hītori pūrere o rorohiko kua tae tetahi taumata nui. I whakamahia Leo ahau mo te tukatuka raraunga arumoni tuatahi. i rite ki te hanganga o ngā whakaaro EDSAC kawainga Ko tōna hoahoa.

Ko te rorohiko arumoni American tuatahi puta te UNIVAC I. ia i roto i te taua 1951. Kua hokona Tapeke e wha tekau-ono o enei tauira, te uara o ia o e kei roto i te mirioni o tara. Ko tētahi o ratou i whakamahia i roto i te US Tatauranga. ngā te pūrere o neke atu i te rima mano korere mārua. Ka rite ki te pāpāho whakamahia i roto i te rārangi roa o te konuoi. Ko tētahi o ratou i taea te rongoa ki runga ki te mano kupu. I roto i te whakawhanake i te UNIVAC ahau, i whakaritea e te reira ki te whakarere i te kāri tokua, ka haere ki te rīpene metallized. Ki te awhina o te pūrere e taea te hono ki te pūnaha rokiroki arumoni.

"Pere"

Na, ko te rorohiko hiko Soviet i te hītori o te hanga. ka Rorohiko "Strela", i puta i roto i 1953, te pūrere rangatū taua tuatahi i roto i te USSR. whakaputaina te minamina ana i i te mihini Moscow tipu kaute. Hoki tau e toru i hangaia te hanga o waru ngā tauira. Kua ēnei mīhini ahurei tāuta i te Academy o Sciences, Moscow State University me tari hoahoa kei roto i te pa kati.

"Pere" taea hanga 2-3 mano ngā mahi ia te rua. Hoki taputapu kāinga i ratou tau record. rongoa i nga raraunga i runga i te rīpene autō, i whakanohoia ai ki runga ki te 200 mano kupu. Ngā pūrere whakawhiwhia i te Stalin paraihe. ka hoki Kaihoahoa Tumuaki Yuri Bazilevsky he Hero o-pāpori Reipa.

Ko te whakatupuranga tuarua o rorohiko

I te tau 1947 whakaaro ia transistors. I roto i te mutunga o te 50-doma. Kua whakakapi ratou pūngao-kai me rama i ahuareka ai. Ki te haerenga mai o transistors i roto i te mīhini rorohiko timata te hītori hou o te hanga. Rorohiko whiwhi i muri mai mohio enei wahi hou rite te tauira tuarua-whakatupuranga. Ko te auaha matua, ko te meka e whakaaetia nga papa iahiko me transistors tāngia e ki tino whakaiti i te rahi o rorohiko, he aha kua ratou riro nui atu mahi, me te watea.

Ki te aroaro o noho te te rorohiko ruma katoa, kua heke ratou inaianei ki nga hanganga o tēpu tari. Pērā hoki tauira, ko reira kore e te tauira o te IBM 650. Ko ara transistors whakaaetia tetahi raruraru nui. Rorohiko i tonu tino utu, no te mea o nei i hanga e ratou anake ki te tono mō ngā whare wānanga, corporations nui kāwanatanga ranei.

kukuwhatanga atu o rorohiko

I roto i te 1959, he mea whakaaro ia te ara iahiko integrated. tohua ratou te timatanga o te toru o nga whakatupuranga o rorohiko. 1960. i tino o te rorohiko ratou. tino nui haere ratou production me hoko. Ngā mihi ki te wahi hou o te pūrere kua riro iti me te ake wātea, ahakoa ratou kihai i tonu i whaiaro. i hokona te nuinga o enei rorohiko i kamupene.

I te tau 1971, kua tukua Intel ngā ki te mākete puta mai te microprocessor ake tuatahi Intel 4004. I te pūtake o te wha nga whakatupuranga o rorohiko. Moroiti-tukanga whakaaetia etahi take nui i mua i te piri i roto i tetahi pūrere rorohiko. Ko tētahi taua tūemi mahi ngā mahi arorau, me te tātai katoa, i tuhia nei e te waehere taketake. I mua ki tenei kitea, ko tenei mahi i runga i te huinga o ngā huānga iti. Ko te ahua o te wahi ao anake, ko te tīwaiwaka o te whanaketanga o rorohiko kāinga iti.

rorohiko whaiaro

I roto i 1977, te kamupene Apple, whakaturia e Steve Jobs, whakaurua te ao ki te tauira Apple II. Ko tōna rerekētanga taketake i tetahi rorohiko mua ko te meka i te pūrere ko te kuao kamupene California tikanga mō te hoko ki tangata noa. Ko reira he pakaruhanga, e tae noa tata whakaaro rangona noa o. Ko te kupu ka timata te hītori o te whakatupuranga rorohiko o rorohiko whaiaro. New i roto i te tono ki runga ki te 90. I roto i tenei wā, kua hokona reira tata whitu miriona waeine, i ko te record tino o te wa.

A pee i Apple tauira i te atanga kauwhata ahurei, kaiwhakamahi waia ki papapātuhi hou, me te tokomaha atu innovations. Katoa te taua Stiv Dzhobs hanga noa kiore rorohiko rongonui. I te 1984 ka kawea e ia tona tauira angitu tino Macintosh, whakarewahia te whānuitanga katoa, ngā tenei ra. He maha ngā āhuatanga o Engineers me ngā riro Apple te pūtake mō ngā rorohiko whaiaro o tenei ra, i hanga e tae atu i te tahi atu kaihanga.

whanaketanga kāinga

Nā ki te meka e nga āhuatanga hou katoa e pā ana ki ngā rorohiko, puta i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru, kua noho te hītori o hanganga i roto i te atarangi o te angitu ke o rorohiko i Russia me te USSR. I hono te reira ki te meka e te whanaketanga o taua mihini e whakahaeretia ana e te kāwanatanga, i roto i Europa, me te kaupapa United States āta haere ki te ringa o kamupene tūmataiti.

I roto i 1964 te rorohiko Semiconductor Soviet tuatahi "Snow" me "Spring". I roto i 1970-doma. i whakamahia "Elbrus" rorohiko i roto i te ahumahi korero. I whakamahia ratou i roto i te pūnaha o te anti-pere korero me pokapū karihi.