Iraoho papatipu

Kia i whakapono ai e te wae iti rawa o te hanganga o tetahi taonga - he rāpoi ngota. Na, ko te tenenga he whārahi atu kaha, te taata miharo ki ite i ariā ngota - matūriki hiato rāpoi. e mea he e nui iti? Na, ara i muri whakakitea reira e ngota i tahuri ngā o ngā huānga iti.

I roto i te ahupūngao Ingarangi rautau 20 wawe Rutherford Ernest whakatuwheratia i te aroaro o karihi ngota - te hanganga pokapū, tohua e momeniti te timatanga o te tauatanga o ngā āhuatanga mutunga mo te āhuatanga hanganga o te kōwae iti o mea.

Ki te rā, e hāngai ana i runga i te tauira karihi o te hanganga ngota , me te tika ki te maha rangahau, kua mohiotia ai e ngā te ngota o te karihi, karapotia nei e te kapua irahiko. Ko te hanganga o taua he "kapua" - irahiko ranei matūriki timatanga ki te tiaki tōraro. Ko te hanganga o te matua, i runga i te anga ke, ngā matūriki ki te ingoa iraoho tiaki tangohanga electrically pai. Kua whakahuatia i runga ake, i taea e ki te mau me te muri ki te whakaahua i tenei āhuatanga i te ahupūngao Ingarangi. I roto i te 1919, i whakahaere ia he whakamātau, i ngā i roto i te meka i te patototanga korakora ārepa karihi hauwai o nga karihi o te tahi atu āhuatanga. Ko te kupu, ko reira taea ki te kitea i roto i, me te whakaatu e te iraoho - e kore e noa te karihi o te ngota hauwai , kahore te irahiko kotahi. I roto i te e tohua iraoho ahupūngao hou e te tohu p p + ranei (e te tikanga te tiaki pai).

Iraoho i roto i te tikanga Kariki "te nui tuatahi" - he korakora māmā, he whakaaro ki te piha haapiiraa o baryons, arā āhua taimaha matūriki timatanga. Tohu te hanganga pūmau, tona ora te mea neke atu i te 2.9 x 10 (29) tau.

Tino korero, i roto i te tua ki te iraoho, te karihi ngota hoki kei ngā iramoe, e, e hāngai ana i runga i te ingoa, neutrally i ako. i huaina rua o enei āhuatanga e irakarihi.

Ko te papatipu o te iraoho, i te viivii ore o te mau huru kitea, i taea e kore e whanganga te wa roa. Na tatou e matau ai ko reira

MP = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

Te reira i te kupu titiro me te papatipu era o te iraoho.

whakaaro tatou inaianei nga wāhi motuhake mō ngā māramatanga rerekē iraoho ahupūngao papatipu.

Ko te papatipu o matūriki i roto i te ahupūngao karihi maha e te tirohanga rerekē, ko reira he wae o te mehua amu

Amu - wae papatipu ngota. kotahi amu rite ki te 1/12 te papatipu o te ngota waro, i te mea e rite ana ki te maha papatipu o 12. No reira, he rite ki te 1,66057 · 10-27 kg 1 wae papatipu ngota.

iraoho papatipu, reira, e whai ake:

MP = 1,007276 rite te pai. e. m.

He he ara tetahi ki te whakapuaki i te papatipu o te matūriki pai whakatupato whakamahi wae rerekē o te mehua. Ki te mahi i tenei, i te tuatahi e hiahia ana koe ki te tango i hoki homai te ōrite o te papatipu me te pūngao E = MC2. Hea c - tere o te marama, me ki m - papatipu tinana.

Ka papatipu iraoho i roto i tenei take e whanganga i roto i megaelectronvolts MeV ranei. whakamahia tēnei kōwae o te mehua e anake i roto i te ahupūngao karihi, me te karihi, me te kaimahi ki te ine i te pūngao e he e tika ana mo te whakawhitinga o te matūriki i waenganui e rua ngā i roto i te mara hiko. Ki te huru e te rerekētanga pea i waenganui i enei ngā he rite ki te 1 wae.

No reira, hoatu e 1 amu = Ko āhua 931,494829533852 MeV iraoho papatipu

MP = 938 MeV.

Kua tēnei mutunga kua whiwhi i runga i te pūtake o inenga papatipu-spectroscopic me e te taimaha i roto i te puka i roto i nei whakaaturia ai ki runga ake, a ka kua karangatia e hoki e nergiey iraoho okiokinga.

Ko te kupu, e arotahi ana ki te hiahia o te whakamātau, ka taea te faaite i te taimaha o te matūriki iti e uara rerekē e toru, i roto i ngā waeine rerekē e toru.

I tua atu, e taea te faaite i te papatipu iraoho whanaunga ki te papatipu o te irahiko, i mohiotia ki te kia nui e pai whakatupato "uaua" matūriki. taimaha ki te tātai taratara me te hapa nui i roto i tenei take rite e kia 1836.152 672 whanaunga ki te papatipu irahiko.