ISO - he aha te mea tenei? ISO

ISO - he ao whakahaere waho i te käwanatanga, i puta mai ki oraraa i roto i te 1947. Ko tōna whakaaro, ko te ki te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa o te ao mō ngā taonga me ngā ratonga. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou i tenei institution - te whakahaere ano, te hiahia mo te oraraa o - me te whakaaro e mahi ai.

ISO - Ko e i roto i te faanahonahoraa?

I teie mahana ngā reira o 157 ngā mema nei he māngai o whenua rerekē (tetahi i ia). piri Russia te Kaunihera o (wae hanganga mana faaohiparaa i) whakahaere i roto i 2007.

Ko te whānuitanga o ISO hipokina wāhanga katoa, ki te kahore hoki te hikohiko me te engineering hiko, e no ni'ai te te Electrotechnical Commission International. Kua whakamana hoki ētahi mahi i roto i te mahi tahi.

hanganga

hanga ISO te ake o nga tinana faatere me nga kaimahi.

I roto i te tuatahi o nga whekau e whai ake nei e ngā.

1. Runanga. Kei a ia ko rangatira me māngai, e kua whakaritea e te komiti.
2. fokotu'utu'u te Poari te mahi i waenganui i ngā wā o te Runanga Nui. kia whakatika ia pātai ki komiti me ki te tuku ia ratou ki te whakaoti ia ratou. E tangohia e te pōti o tangata katoa reira nuinga whakatau. Ko te ngohengohe o te tinana 7 he komiti.
3. kapeneti arata'iraa Hangarau.

Ko nga wae hanganga e whai ake nei i te tinana te mahi.

1. komiti Hangarau. I roto ia ratou: Plaka - he tari hangarau e faaineine tono mō te ISO whakamahere mahi. Stuckey tūhura i te mau parau tumu pūtaiao o te Waeine me te āwhina ngā mōhiohio ki te Kaunihera, na roto i te whakawhanake i te whakaritenga o ngā paerewa o te ao. CASCO aromatawai te rite o ngā hua me ngā ratonga, te tūhura i te mahi i runga i tenei take, me te tātari i te reira. āwhina whakawhanake DEVCO whenua, te whakawhanake tūtohutanga Waeine. COPOLCO - Komiti i runga i te tiaki kiritaki, kei te ako i te taea o te whakatairanga ratou, na roto i te whakataki o te Waeine'inisititiutí. Remco, rite te komiti i runga i ngā tauira paerewa, whakarato te whakahaere āwhina huarahi.
2. Ngā komiti iti.
3. rōpū tohutohu Hangarau.

paerewa

Mai te vai ISO, whakawhanakehia e te Whakahaere International mo Waeine. Ki te rā i whakaputaina reira tata 14,000 ngā tauira, e he hototahi ki te hangarau rerekē, me ngā tukanga production. E pā ana tēnei ki te rängai tuku iho (ahuwhenua, hanga, taonga kiritaki, taputapu hauora, me ētahi atu), me manga hou (whakawaehere mamati, tiketike-tech mōhiohio me te rite).

paerewa ISO - he whanaketanga fakahā atu'e whanaketanga mākete. A, no te reira te mea he hiahia, te māngai o tetahi peka tuku he tono ki te whakarite i whakawhanakehia te paerewa e tika ana. I muri whakaaetanga o te tono e tonoa ki te komiti hangarau mō te mahi anō. Kei te tito te reira o māngai o te ahumahi, e kua whakahuatia ratou hiahia ki te whakawhanake i te paerewa. I muri i tona whakaae kawe i te kaupapa ki te kōrero, me ka te mutunga tango i te pōti.

E whakaaro ana te nuinga noa ISO paerewa 9000 me ISO 14000. taea te whakamahi i rua i roto i ngā rōpū rerekē, ahakoa o ahakoa e rave ratou i roto i tetahi mahi.

Paerewa 9000 me 14000

Hei tauira, te maha o ISO 9000 - he paerewa e regulates te whakahaere kounga. Ki te tiki i te reira ki te hanga whakatinana hangarau e tika ana, me ngā tukanga whakahaere ki te whakatutuki i te hiahia me te whakapūmau i te taonga me ngā ratonga-kounga tiketike.

ISO 14000 tohu te paerewa mana mo te haumaru o te taiao. Me ia ki te kawe ki te iti nga pānga kino i runga i te taiao, me te mahi ki te whakapiki ake i te haumaru hangarau o te hanga.

I runga i te aha enei paerewa?

Kei te matau te reira e kore he tetahi o enei paerewa te taurangi o te kounga me te haumaru. Ratou whakaongaonga anake te whakahaere ki te whakatinana i te pūnaha whakahaere e ai ki te whakatutuki i te kounga tino arotau, me te āta whakarite i te haumaru pai.

A, no te whakaaro i te ISO 9000 whakakitea etahi parau tumu o te whakahaere kounga. Ko te kau taki o te tika ki te whakamahi i ratou ki te tīpako i te pūnaha pai i roto i te hinonga. Kia ako tatou ratou.

te mau parau tumu

№ 1. Arotahi i runga i te kiritaki. I roto i tenei take, rapu te whakahaere ki te mahino te hiahia o ratou kiritaki, me te ngana ki te whakatau ia ratou i roto i nga ara kia e ara nui i te tūmanako. Ki tenei mutunga:

• tūhura hiahia;
• whakarite rautaki;
• whakatinana i te pūnaha tuku raraunga tino pai mo nga hiahia o nga kaimahi katoa;
• ako hua utu kiritaki;
• te haamauraa i te pūnaha o te whanaungatanga ki te kiritaki;
• tamata ki te tae i te pauna i waenganui i kiritaki me ētahi atu.

Tau 2. feia faatere whakarite te tautuhinga o ngā whāinga me ngā whāinga, whakarato whai wāhitanga katoa ki te whakatutuki i a ratou. Hoki tenei upoko:

• E te reira ki pūkete te ngākau nuitanga o ngā kaimahi katoa;
• kite e ia te heke mai o te whakahaere;
• whakaturia whāinga me ngā whāinga;
• whakarato te reira i huru muna i roto i te kamupene;
• E whakarato ana i te rauemi e tika ana mō te whakangungu;
• haepapa;
• akiaki te reira i kaimahi.

3. maha Engaging o nga papa. Iwi - he te tahi mea i runga i nei e hāngai ana te tetahi mahi tenei. Ki te whai wāhi kaimahi i roto i te mau ohipa o te kamupene, whakawhanake reira he nui ake hihiri, me neke atu i whakakitea kaimahi ratou mau taleni. Hoki tenei whakaaro, ngā i roto i ngā o te hanganga ture ki te paerewa o te ao, i roto i nei:

• E mōhio o ratou takoha i te mahi o mau ohipa kaimahi;
• matau here katoa;
• He haepapa;
• ngana ana ki te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga;
• faaite i ngā wheako me te matauranga whiwhi;
• aparau i te mau fifi akiaki.

Tau 4. Ko te huarahi ki te tukanga mahi i roto i te kamupene o ngana ana ki te whakatū i te ara taua e riro te reira i te mea matua. Ki te mahi i tenei, ngā taua tikanga rite:

• tautuhi te reira i te mahi e hiahiatia ana ki te whakatutuki i ngā hua;
• pupuri ana te reira i ngā pūkete o te mahi me ngā kawenga o ngā kaimahi;
• arotahi te reira i runga i te mau huru oraraa e pā te mahi matua;
• pānga pea,.

№ 5. huarahi Whakahaere. tutuki pai tino pai i roto i tenei take e nahanaha. Ki te mahi i tenei, te kamupene te maua e i nga mahi e whai ake nei:

• mahi i runga i ngā take hanganga;
• whakapiki i taupuhipuhinga intrasystemic;
• tika tukuna fatongia;
• whakahaere tikanga whakahaere i te timatanga ki te mutunga;
• te whakapai ake i te huarahi mahi, te aromatawai i te mahi.

Tau 6. Hohenga hāngai ana whakapai tonu o te whai ake:

• tonu te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua, te ratonga rānei e whakaratohia;
• ngā kaimahi;
• whakapai ake mahinga, me te mahi i runga i taua nga hono o te kamupene;
• whakatau tata kaupae ahu;
• te whakanui i te hua.

№ 7. Ko te huarahi tūturu. fakahu'unga tenei parau tumu te whai i ēnei:

• manatokonga o te mōhiohio;
• hanga wātea reira;
• tātaritanga;
• whakatau me ngā mahi e hāngai ana ki runga ki taua mea.

Tau 8. hononga painga whakaaro tahi i. I roto i tenei take, e hiahia ana koe te whai ake:

• te whakatakoto i te pauna i waenganui i ngā whāinga wā-roa poto, me te;
• te puna o ngā rauemi;
• tautuhi hoa matua me te mahi ki a ratou;
• utu mōhiohio;
• hanga mahere tahi.

ISO 9000 whakawhanakehia i roto i te 1994. Kei reira o te raupapa 9001, 9002, 9003. I muri tāpiri ratou tetahi 9001: 2000 me 9004: 2000. I te kau, i reira e ono paerewa, o nei e nga kamupene ratou tīpako i te tika tino mo ratou.

te hiahia ki te whakarite i

He whakahauanga tūao ranei Tiwhikete. Ko te pūnaha whakahaere kounga, ko te tukanga tika matatini, a ehara i te mea e tika ana mō ngā kamupene katoa. He pai mō ngā kamupene e rapu ki enei paerewa o te ao mō te aro mātai:

• whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua;
• kawea ki te pūnaha whakahaere taumata tino arotau;
• systematize tenei aratohu;
• whakapai ake i te whakapakoko;
• ki te whakatutuki i nga painga o te whakataetae;
• whakahaere raihana;
• kukume hoa nui i roto i te mahi;
• riro whakahau i kamupene ke.

Takanga hoki te tohu

kia te tukanga whakahaere e tūnga i raro i te paerewa o te ao whakapumautia. kia rawaka te aromātai o te pūnaha ngā, a kahore he tika i roto i te whakataki o te hou. Pai nui ki te mahi i runga i ngā huringa hanganga. Hoki te tahi mau whakahaere rapu i te faaapîraa tino, i hoki ētahi atu - te hanga etahi huringa anake. hanga te pūnaha e i roto i runga i te whāinga tautuhia. Ko te kamupene kawe i whakahounga i runga i to ratou ake ranei karangatia ki tenei whakahaere haapa'o.

Ko te whai i ēnei ko te whakataki o paerewa whakahaere.

1. Tautuhi whāinga.
2. Te tāutu i ngā tūmanako.
3. Ko te ako o ngā paerewa.
4. Kōwhiri tetahi o ratou.
5. Pūnaha Whakahaere Diagnostics.
6. Te tautuhi i te tukanga e pā ki te tuku o ngā hua ki kiritaki.
7. Whanaketanga o te mahi i whakamaheretia.
8. Ko te whakatinanatanga o to ratou ora.
9. he aro mātai motuhake o te pūnaha.
10. Te mahi i te tātari kaute ki te whiwhi ISO tohu.
11. whakapai ake tonu o ngā pūnaha whakahaere.

Ropu, certifiers

E ti'a ia tatou ki te matau, e kore e te whakahaere o te ISO kawe i mahi whakamātautau, me e kore e puta ISO whaimana. Kei te whai wāhi te reira i roto i ngā tauira whanaketanga. Na nga ngā tukanga e hāngai ana katoa mo whakaū ki te paerewa kounga ao kawea atu e ngā rōpū kaituku. meatia tenei e i roto i te whenua te wahi te kamupene kua he moni arumoni.

GOST ko ISO

Ko te pūtake mo te tohu obligatory i roto i Russia ko nga paerewa GOST. ISO, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, ko te pūtake mo te tohu noa. Heoi, hoki te harmonization o ngā hangarau whakapumautia pūnaha i, e arotahi ana ki ngā paerewa o te ao. GOST ISO whiriwhiri aua kamupene e arotahi ana ki te i te motu i te mākete kāinga kore anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te waho. Etahi whakapono e ko te reira i tenei huarahi Puka he tūranga tika i roto i ngā rōpū arumoni.