Kaitito A. S. Dargomyzhsky: biography, kainga auaha

Aleksandr Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky, he haurongo poto aroaro e te i roto i te tuhinga - te kaitito nui Russian, nei i hanga te rota o nga mea hou i roto i te waiata puāwaitanga Russian. Tau o tona ora - 1813-1869. February 14, whanau 1813 ko Dargomyzhsky. haamata tona haurongo ki. Tokotoru (Dargomyzhe) Tula kawanatanga, te wahi i whanau ai ia. mahi tona papa rite ki tetahi rangatira, ka rite ki te whaea o Alexander ko he punake-aroha.

Ka rite ki pau ia tona kōhungahunga Dargomyzhskii

Biography, he whakarāpopototanga o te mahi, ngā meka e pā ana ki te kaitito - hiahia katoa i roto i nga faahinaaro maha o tona mahi. Kia tīmata a i te timatanga, me te korero ki a koutou e pā ana ki te kōhungahunga o te kaitito ake nei.

ka mau ia Alexander ki te whenua o ratou matua, i kei roto i te kawanatanga o Smolensk. I muri i te tahi mau wa, oho te whānau ki St Petersburg. He ko te kāinga-haapiihia Alexander Dargomyzhsky. tohua tona haurongo te tenei haapiiraa wa i roto i te waiata, whare tapere, me te tuhinga. he kaiako Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo AT Danilevsky (piana), PG Vorontsov (vaiolini whenua), F. Shobernehler (kaitito Viennese me piana), BL Tseybih (kaiwaiata).

I tua atu, ka tutaki Dargomyzhskii ki M. I. Glinkoy (hoatu tona whakaahua te runga ake), i hoatu ki a ia nga maniusikilipi ariā kawea mai i Professor Rana i Berlin. whai wāhi ratou ki te roha o te matauranga o Alexander i counterpoint me te au maite. I te wa ano i timata ia ki te ako rōpū Dargomyzhsky. tonu tona koioranga te hanganga o nga mahi te tuatahi motuhake.

mahi te tuatahi, ngā ākonga Dargomizhskiy

whakaputaina nga mongamonga piano tuatahi me waiata i roto i te 1830. Ko te uara nui toi ko nga waiata hanga i runga i nga kupu o Pushkin: "Night Zephyr", "Vertograd", "te tangata taitama me te wahine," "aroha ahau ki a koutou", me ētahi atu ka i roto i nga tau e whai ake nei ko te waiata waiata tetahi o nga ngākau nuitanga matua auaha Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo e. hari ki te hoatu waiata haapiiraa, free o tiaki. He maha nui o ana akonga. I roto ia ratou Ko te ln Madame Byelenitsin (Karmalina) Bibibina, Shilovskaya, nihowhiti, Barteneva, Purgolt (Molas), Princess Manvelova. faauruhia Dargomizhskiy tonu te ahua oa o nga wahine, rawa - kaiwaiata. I te whakamutunga, ia hawhe-hauti mea e, kahore a ratou, e kore e waiho utu ki te riro i te kaitito.

Opera "Esmeralda"

Opera "Esmeralda" (tau o te hanganga - 1837-41) whakaaro te te mahi nui tuatahi o Alexander. Libretto ia i mua whakapumautia ia i roto i te pukapuka rongonui Victor Hugo "Notre Dame de Paris". Tenei mahi, i roto i te noa'tu o te pangore (i tuhituhia ai e te momo o te opera French) tohu nga wawata kiko o Dargomyzhsky. "Esmeralda" kore i whakaputaina. I roto i te St. Petersburg, i roto i te whare pukapuka o te Theatres o Ingarangi, klaviraustsug toa, score tuhi me te tā moko Dargomyzhsky. E rave rahi matahiti i muri mai, i tukua tenei mahi. I roto i te St Petersburg ka mau a tuatahitia wahi i roto i 1851, me i Moscow - i roto i te tau 1847.

romances Dargomizhskiy

wenewene te opera i Aleksandr Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky. tohua tona haurongo e tahuri i roto i te mahi. "Esmeralda", āhua whakama te kaitito. Ano ka timata ia ki te tito waiata Dargomyzhsky, nei haurongo i tohua e tuhituhi ratou i mua. Fakataha ki nga mahi wawe o te hou (katoa 30 waiata) i whakaputaina i roto i te tau 1844. kawea ratou rongo Dargomyzhsky. E whakaaro ana te romances pai o te tau 1840 ki te hei mahi hanga i runga i ngā rotarota o Pushkin: "Night Zephyr", "roimata", "Wedding", "aroha ahau ki a koutou." I roto i te 1843, i runga i nga irava o te rohi pehe taua i hanga Dargomizhskiy cantata "Te Whakamanamana o Bacchus". aroaro tenei mahi i roto i 1846 i te whakahaere kōnohete St Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre. Heoi, i whakakahore te kaituhi te hanga o "Whakamanamana o Bacchus" i roto i te puka o te opera hanga i roto i te 1848. nui anake i muri, anake i roto i te tau 1867, i te aroaro te reira i roto i Moscow he mahi e hanga he kaitito Dargomyzhsky. Bio tonu te reira i roto i te wā e whai ake o te auahatanga.

Haere me ngā hou i roto i nga mahi o te kaitito

puta ngā New i roto i te mahi o Dargomyzhsky i te hawhe tuarua o 1840 - te timatanga o nga 1850. Kua whai pānga ratou ki te putanga, me te koa tonu i o matou whenua i roto i te kura taiao pera-ka karanga (talena tino), i roto i te toi me te tuhinga. timata Alexander Sergeyevich ki kukume kōrero te nuinga iwi. I tua atu, hei tona moni i roto i te pakiwaitara kua ara nui. whai wāhi Dargomyzhskii i te tukatuka o nga waiata kaiahuwhenua. Ka taea te mea te reira e te ino o te mahara motu i tenei wa e tika ana ki te meka i ko noa atu te kaitito i roto i te wā i 1844 ki te 1845 tae mai ia Germany, Vienna, Brussels ko Paris. haere Dargomyzhskii reira he mea powhiriwhiri noa o te Wīwī, ka hoki ki a St Petersburg kaitautoko o Russian, ko te take ki a Glinka rite.

Ko reira i tenei wa e te whakaotinga o "talena mita" - tikanga auaha o te kaitito (tākaro intonations o kupu ko te tino tikanga i nei e hanga whakapakoko). ka mea te kaitito he mahi hoki ki te whakarite i faaite te reo i roto i nga kupu ia. I roto i te waiata "Miller" i hoatu ki pānga te parau tumu i whakaaetia Alexander Dargomyzhsky. haurongo Poto o tona tohua whakatinanatanga kaha o te "mita o te talena." Mai i te "Miller" waiata i runga i ngā rotarota e Pushkin totoro miro ki te "Stone te āheinga" - opera, te wahi whakatinana nga parau tumu o mau tai'oraa waiata i. "Kupu Omuzykalennaya" puta i roto i te waiata "koe hohoro ka wareware ahau," me "A hōha, me te pouri."

Ko te opera "Rusalka"

Ko te opera "Rusalka", hanga i roto i te 1855 e te whakaari AS Pushkina, Ko te hua pokapū o te wā. Te reira i pono fakamatala'i te whakarau fakamamahi o te kotiro kaiahuwhenua e tinihanga te rangatira. Dargomyzhsky i roto i tenei mahi i hanga he momo e whakaara ake te take o te kore ōritenga pāpori (iwi puoro whakaari whare). Mei 4, 1856 i tuatahi whakaurua ki "Mermaid" i roto i te St Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre. I tū te reira ki te whakapaipai tawhito, mahi mangere, kākahu tika, pire ngaro kē. Ehara i Koinei, kihai i he angitu tenei opera. Ratau, ka mau te hanga wahi e K. Liadov, nei kihai i rite Dargomyzhsky. Tae noa 1861, kua turia "Mermaid" katoa 26 mahi. Heoi, i roto i te tau 1865 i whakahoutia ai ko Komissarzhevsky C. Plato. Ko te putanga hou o te opera ko te angitu nui. I whakaurua te reira i roto i te wāwāhi o whare maha, kua riro te reira tetahi o nga opera Russian tino rongonui.

ngā mahi Musical me pāpori

Kia pehea te nui koe e mohio e pā ana ki taua kaitito rite Dargomyzhskii? Haurongo i roto i te tepu, whakanohoia i roto i te pukapuka, kei roto anake i te mōhiohio tino taketake e pā ana ki reira. Na, kihai a Dargomyzhsky he kaitito anake. wherahia mahi Musical me pāpori Aleksandra Sergeevicha Dargomyzhskogo mai i te mutunga o nga 1850. I roto i te tau 1859 ka te kaitito he mema o te Komiti RMS (Russian Musical Society). Na roto i te whai wāhi i roto i te kōmihana i te uiui kia tonoa nga mahi ki te whakataetae, wāhi ia ki te whanaketanga o te waiata Russian. whai wāhi hoki Dargomyzhsky i te hanga o te tūtohinga te tuatahi i roto i to tatou whenua Conservatory. I te wa ano i hanga Alexander hoa ki te kaitito e riro i muri i te mau melo o te "ringa Kaha" (Balakirev porowhita "). Ko te hua he haamaitairaa auaha tahi.

Mahi tahi ki "Iskra"

Dargomyzhsky, haurongo, me tona mahi te āta hono ana puta noa te ora, i roto i 1859, tahi ki te "Iskra". Ko te mana i te wa te makasini Sapphire. Tahi mahue te ōhakitia runga i te mahi atu o te kaitito. hanga Alexander waiata e hāngai ana i runga i rotarota P. I. Veynberga me V. S. Kurochkina - kaitito, i whakaputaina nei i roto i te "Iskra". E î ihirangi pāpori ki waiata auaha Dargomyzhsky e pā ana ki tenei wa: "Worm", "whakaaro pekanga", "Old Corporal." I te wa ano tonu e ia ana rangahau ki te kaiwaiata kaitito runaruna, a he lyric waiata: "E mahara ana ahau ki te rire", "He aha te i roto i te ingoa", "whakakake wehe matou."

opera Last Dargomyzhsky

i unu kotahi ano aro o te kaitito i roto i nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora ki te opera. Ka whakaritea e ki te kawe i roto i te whakahou tuwhena, timata Dargomyzhsky i 1866 mahi i runga i "Te Stone te āheinga" e AS Pushkin. Ua hinaaro ia ki te tuhituhi waiata, kahore te huri i te kuputuhi o Pushkin. paopao Dargomyzhsky nga puka hei mahi, mua: rōpū waiata, Arias tohatoha. Tona whāinga ko te tonu o te mahi waiata. Recitative, i tangohia declamation arioso rite te pūtake, e ko, te tata katoa hanga te opera i runga i melodizirovannom recitative. tata i oti te mahi i te marama torutoru i muri mai. haukotia Dargomizhskiy mate ia ki te waihanga waiata anake ki te 17 irava whakamutunga. oti C. Cui "Te Stone te āheinga" i te pai ai o te kaitito. Kua hoki i whakapumautia e ia me te whakataki ki te opera, kuranga, nei e Rimsky-Korsakov.

Ko te uara "te āheinga Stone"

"Ko e āheinga Stone" i roto i te mau tautooraa o tona hoa i hanga Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo i February 16, 1872 i te Mariinsky Theatre i St Petersburg. I roto i te 1876, ka ora ake te opera, engari kihai i puritia i roto i te wāwāhi. Ki tenei ra kei te tonu e kore e tino hounga'ia reira. Ehara i anake i roto i kaitito Russian (Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky) kitea pǐpǐ mau parau tumu auaha o te opera whakamutunga o Alexander. Ko tōna mauruuru a ke kaiwaiata. I roto i ngā, hiahia Gounod ki te hanga i to ratou ake opera, no te tango he tauira o "Te Stone te āheinga". I roto i te mahi e hāngai ana "Pelléas et Melizandra" Debussy i runga i te mau parau tumu o te whakahou, kua kawea nei i roto i Dargomyzhsky. e kia oti haurongo Poto o ia ki te kahore i korerotia e matou e pā ana ki te mahi orchestral o Alexander Sergeyevich.

Orchestral mahi Dargomizhskiy

Ka taea te whakaaro te Tūrongo te nuinga o ratou rite "Baba-Yaga", "wawata Chuhonskuyu" me "Little Cossack Russian." whakapakoko whare raraunga o mahi o kaitito ake ngaa e te grotesquely te tiaturi tikanga. Ko reira i konei whakatika te minamina ana whakamahia ratou tikanga toi. i tonu ratou i roto i nga mahi o taua kaitito o Russian rite A. Liadov, Mussorgsky me etahi atu. January 17, 1869 i roto i St Petersburg, ka mate a Dargomyzhskii (whakaahua i raro he urupa tona).

ako haurongo Poto o ia i teie mahana i roto i ngā kura waiata katoa o Russia. Na whakamana nga mahi a Alexander i nga whare pai o to matou whenua ki tenei ra. He torutoru i roto i to tatou compatriots kore kua nei rongo o taua kaitito rite Dargomyzhsky. Haurongo mō ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke, te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga pā anake ki ona mahi matua, me ngā whakatutukitanga. Ka kia tatou hari ki te hiahia koe ki te haere tonu i mohio ki te waiata puāwaitanga Russian. Tino hiahia i roto i tenei tona māngai rite Dargomyzhsky (haurongo, me te auaha). korero poto tatou e pā ana ki tona ora, me te tukufakaholo, a inaianei taea e koe.