Kararehe papanga - he aha te mea te reira?

Mai i papanga ngā kaiao o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe i runga i te ao. He rerekē ratou, me ia ahua o te papanga mahi ona mahi.

He aha te tikanga i te papanga?

Ko te wahi hanganga iti rawa o te tinana, ko te pūtau. O enei, ka titoa ngā momo katoa o te kopa - e rua tipu me te kararehe.

hanganga pūtau

kia tīariari i tēnei hanganga rite te tinana motuhake. te aroaro Kotahi pūtau pērā i te huakita me eukaryotes hātare. Ko tēnei wāhanga o te kaiao ora ngā o taua wahi: wē membrane, cytoplasm, kanohi otinga colloidal, te karihi me organelles - hanganga tūturu, ia o nei mahi he mahi motuhake. I roto i te hanganga o te pūtau kararehe i reira he organelles: pokapū pūtau, ribosomes, lysosomes, pungaraungao, Golgi taputapu me te kiriuwhi. pūtau Plant rerekē i ratou i roto i taua i roto i ratou vacuoles (tuatahi he torutoru, a ki te hoholo o nga pūtau, hanumi ratou ki tetahi pokapū) me plastids: chromoplasts, leucoplasts me chloroplasts.

Ko te kiriuhi wē o pūtau kararehe ngā o ngā papa e toru: te rua pūmua me te lipid therebetween. Tenei anga, i tahuri, kua karapotia e te glycocalyx, titoa nei o polysaccharides, glycolipids, glycoproteins. Organelles mahi nga mahi e whai ake nei: pokapū pūtau - te tohatoha o ngā pūira i roto i wehenga, ribosomes - te kōtuitui o pūmua, te lysosomes - wāwāhi o matū ki whākōkī, pungaraungao - mana whakatupuranga, Golgi taputapu - te haaputuputuraa me te faafariuraa o etahi matū, kiriuwhi (reticulum) - transportation o pūhui matū. Tau o te tahi mau organelles i roto i te pūtau, tei runga i ranei he reira he wahi o tetahi momo o papanga.

te kopa Hanganga kararehe

tito Animal kiko e o ngā pūtau, ngā taonga intercellular. Tei runga i te ūnga o te papanga, kia whai i te reira i te hanganga rerekē, hakari i roto i nui iti ranei moni. Kikokiko i roto i nga kararehe, i reira ko nga momo e whai ake nei:

• huinga;
• epithelial;
• io;
• uaua.

kiko tūhonohono

haere mai ratou i roto i taua momo: matotoru, me te wewete kaiota, ngohe, wheua, toto me te te tīpona, ngako, reticulum. E katoa o ratou i roto i te noa ko te nui nui o te kopu wahopūtau. Kei te nuinga o muka muka wewete te kiko kaiota mātotoru - i te papatipu amorphous. Wheua he nui nui o te taonga intercellular totoka arā, o pūhui matū pararopi. taonga Intercellular o ngohe kiko ngā o ngā matū waro. Ko te papanga reticular Kei roto pūtau kakau i nei pūtau toto e hanga e. Ko te hanganga o te toto , me te te tīpona ngā te nui nui o te wai. hanga te hanganga o tenei momo o te kiko kararehe te ake o ngā pūtau motuhake, kua karangatia ano hoki e ratou pūtau toto. Ratou momo:

• pūtau toto whero;
• leukocytes;
• platelets.

Ia o ratou mahi ona mahi. E te aroaro Erythrocytes rite hanganga porohita kei roto pūtoto. Ko ratou kawenga mo te waka o te hāora, puta noa i te tinana. pūtau toto White mahi te mahi ārai. He kawenga mō te platelets upoo- o toto i roto i te take o te kino o te kiri.

kopa epithelial o kararehe

Kei te wehea te epithelium ki te maha momo:

• flat;
• pūtoru;
• porotakaroa;
• ciliated;
• pa ki;
• glandular.

epithelium Squamous aroaro pūtau papatahi, e whai te āhua o taparau. Ko tenei papanga i roto i te kōhao pū kai, me te waha. Pūtoru kiko epithelial o kararehe kapi nga tubules tākihi, porotakaroa - puku, me te paru, ciliated - Airways, pa - te kōhao nasal. wāhanga glandular Ko repe. Ko te pūtau o tenei kiko ngā me hua hormones, waiu, me te pera i runga i. D.

kiko uaua

E wehea ano ratou ki te maha ngā momo:

• whakahekeheke;
• maeneene;
• ngakau.

Ko te kiko uaua o nga momo kararehe tuatahi ko te wāhanga o te uaua o te pūnaha musculoskeletal. O uaua maeneene o whekau e hanga e, pērā i te paru, puku, kōpū, etc. huru no te ngakau e te meka e kua tu'ati ona muka ki ia atu - .. taea reira ki a ratou holomui tere.

kopa tailiili o kararehe

Kei o veretenopodobnyh, stellate, ranei ngā pūtau porohita tenei momo o te papanga - neurons, me matū intercellular - mesogloea e whakarato ana ngā matūkai ki te neurons. Neurons ngā o te tinana, he axon me dendrites - tukanga e nei e hono pūtau. E hiahiatia ana ratou mo te tohu.