Kātakí me te pai i roto i te engineering aunoa

Metrology - te pūtaiao o te ine, tikanga me ngā tikanga ki te whakarite i to ratou kotahitanga, me te ara ki te whakatutuki i te tika hiahiatia. Ko tōna ahanoa ko ki te wehe mōhiohio ine e pā ana ki te tawhā ahanoa ki te tika tomu'a me pū. Ko te anga ture mō te metrology - he paerewa. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka whakaaro matou te pūnaha o ngā tukunga me mö, i te mea he-wāhanga iti o tenei pūtaiao.

Ko te ariā o te interchangeability o ngā wāhanga

I roto i te hou ngā tipu tarakihana, AUTOMOBILES, taputapu mīhini me te tahi atu mīhini e kore hangaia ngā waeine me tekau, me nga rau, me te ara mano. Ki te taua pukapuka o te hanga he mea nui kia ia wahi hangaia whakaminenga ranei i roto i te whakaminenga rite fe'unga ki tona nohoanga, kahore tetahi atu urutaunga paipa. I muri i taua mahi, ko te wa-e kai ana rawa, utu, me te wa-kai e kore e whakaaetia te hanga papatipu. No iti nui ko te meka e nga wahi tae i te whakaminenga, tukua te whakakapinga o te tahi atu-whakaaro whānui ki a ratou, e pokaia he ki te mahi o te mīhini oti katoa. Taua interchangeability o nga wahi, hahi me ngā tikanga i huaina whakakotahitanga. Ko te kau tino nui i roto i te engineering tenei, taea reira ki a koutou te whakaora e kore anake wahi utu i roto i te mahanga, me te hanga o ngā kōrero, engari te wa o te hanga, i roto i te tua, māmā ki te hanga i te kōwae rite ki te hua o tona mahi. Interchangeability - Ko reira he taonga o hahi me huarahi ki te tango i to ratou wahi i roto i te hua, kahore kōwhiringa mua, me te mahi i ona mahi faufaa, i roto i runga i te ngā whakaritenga hangarau.

wāhanga kahui

E rua nga wahi, whakaritea ranei turanga tuati-, kahui karanga. He uara hoki e te nuinga o te wā ka karanga te hononga ki āu rahi. Ka rite ki te tauira, te rua i roto i te diameter wīra me te diameter hāngai o te take. Ko te uara i nei kahore he hononga, te tikanga i huaina rahi noa. Hei tauira, te diameter waho o te tauru. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite interchangeability o ngā wāhanga ki āu kia tonu kia te uara mahia pū. Heoi, he tino uaua, me te maha koretake tenei maimoatanga. Na reira, i roto i te tukanga e hāngai ana technique mo te faaineineraa o ngā wāhanga whakawhiti ina pā ana ki pera-ka karanga tika āwhiwhiwhi. takoto te reira i roto i te meka e hoki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere rerekē wahi ranei tautuhi te ngāwari o ratou rahi, e tukua mahi parakore o enei wahi i roto i te kōwae. Taua purpuru, hangaia hoki he momo o ngā āhuatanga mahi, hanga i roto i te tauira tomu'a etahi, tona ingoa - ". Pūnaha kotahi o ngā tukunga me mö"

Ko te ariā o te kātakí. uara āhuatanga

tūemi raraunga tatau tukua i roto i te tuhi, i nei e huaina te ine Countdown rahi iti. Tikanga, faaite tenei uara i roto i mitamano katoa. i huaina kōrero Rahi e mau whiwhi e te tukatuka te tika. Uara i waenganui i enei awhe, huaina tenei tawhā ko te rohe. O enei, te kōwhiringa mōrahi - ko reira te rohe rahi nui rawa, me te iti rawa - te iti rawa. Ine - te rerekētanga i waenganui i te uara ränei me te wahi haurokuroku. I roto i te drawings, kei te nuinga o te wā denoted tenei tawhā i roto i te puka tau i te nui ränei (rohe runga i tohua i runga ake, me te raro - i raro).

tāurunga tauira

Ki te te whakaturia te ahua ki te _-0.1 ^+0.15 40, tenei te tikanga e te rahi ränei o te wahi - 40 mm, rohe mōrahi o - 0.15, te raro - -0.1. huaina te rerekētanga i waenganui i te uara rohe ränei, me te mōrahi te te ine o runga, a i waenganui i te iti rawa - raro. Reira ngāwari whakaritea e uara tūturu. Mai i tenei tauira whai reira e he rite ki te 40 + 0.15 = 40.15 mm me te iti te uara rohe mōrahi: 40-0,1 = 39.9 mm. huaina te rerekētanga i waenganui i te rohe rahi iti me nui rawa te kātakí. Kei te tatau e whai ake: 40,15-39,9 = 0.25 mm.

Āputa me ngā mema o te mānukanuka

A feruri i te hi'oraa motuhake te wahi te tukunga, me te he matua pai. Tera pea e ti'a ia tatou ki te wehewehea ki te kuwaha 40 ^+0.1 horapa i runga i take rahi 40 ^-0.1 _-0.2. Kei te kite te reira i i te huru e mo taatou katoa, ka hei te diameter iti iho i te poka, a reira ka hiahiatia he pūhui taua te ki puta āputa. huaina ana tēnei whenua ko pūkoro, t. Ki. ka huri noa i roto i te kuwaha te take. Ki te mea ka waiho i te rahi o te tūemi 40 ^+0.2 _+0.15, ka i raro i tetahi huru e te mea nui diameter poka. I roto i tenei take, me te whakaū i te take, me te panga o pokanoa i roto i te pūhui.

ngā kitenga

Ka taea te unu e te whakatau e whai ake nei i te tauira i runga ake:

• Ko te āputa Ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i nga taha tūturu o te take, me nga tatau ka e nui atu i te tuatahi o nga muri. Ki tenei hononga, te tūemi i ki takahuri noa.
• i huaina pokanoa ko te rerekētanga i waenganui i te rahi tūturu o te poka, me te take ka te muri te mea nui atu i te tuatahi. Ki tenei hononga e aki wāhanga.

akomanga tauranga me te pū

E wehea ūnga ki whakaritea (wera rû, legkopressovaya, puhoi, raru, raru, kikī) me te pūkoro (retireti, rere, kaupapa, legkohodovaya, shirokohodovaya). I roto i te engineering pūkaha me te hanga taputapu, i reira e etahi ture e faatere i ngā tukunga me ūnga. GOST whakarato etahi akomanga tika i roto i te hanga o ngā wāhanga mā te whakamahi i ine tautuhia kē i roto i te rahi. Mai i te wheako matau tatou e taea te hangaia nga taipitopito o te ara me te waka ahuwhenua, kahore tetahi kino ki to ratou mahi ki iti pū i te mo lathes, te whakatangitangi, waka. I roto i tenei hononga, ngā tukunga me ūnga i roto i engineering i akomanga tika rerekē kotahi tekau. Ko te tika te nuinga o nei - he tuatahi e rima: 1, 2, 2a, 3, 3a; te muri e rua he tika reo 4 me 5; me te toru whakamutunga ki te matotoru: 7, 8, me 9.

I roto i te tikanga ki te kitea i roto i nei te piha haapiiraa o te tika kia hua taipitopito i roto i te tātuhi i muri ki te pukapuka, te tikanga te whenua, hoatu te ahua tohu te tautuhinga. Hei tauira, C4 tohu tikanga e te momo o awhiowhio, te piha haapiiraa 4 th; X3 - te momo o nekehanga, te piha haapiiraa o te tuatoru. e kore te tohu mamati hoki i ngā taunga katoa o te piha haapiiraa tuarua hoatu, no te mea he tino lahi. Tiki mōhiohio taipitopito i runga i tenei tawhā taea kia o te rua-rōrahi pukapuka tohutoro "ngā tukunga me te taunga '(Myagkov V. D., 1982 putanga).

pūnaha take me tatau

Kātakí me te taunga te tikanga whakaaro rite e rua ngā pūnaha: te poka, me te take. huru no te tuatahi e te meka e i roto i reira ngā momo katoa o tetahi tohu o te tika, me te piha haapiiraa e no te diameter iti taua. Holes i tamau uara ngā tukunga. whiwhi te momo whakatokia i roto i te pūnaha taua e te huri i te deflection take whāiti.

āhuatanga te tuarua o enei e te meka e ngā momo katoa ki te tohu kotahi o te tika, me te piha haapiiraa e no te diameter iti taua. kua he tukunga uara tamau te take. mahia te momo o ūnga e te huri i te uara o ngā tukunga o rua. Holes i runga i nga tānga pūnaha nuinga o denoted e te pukapuka A, me te take - te V. reta Tata nga pukapuka whakanohoia te tohu o te piha haapiiraa tika.

tauira reo tohu

Ki te tohua te ahua "30A3", ka tikanga te reira e te tūemi i raro i whakaaro he tika ki te tukatuka i te pūnaha pū poka tuatoru-piha, ki te te tohu i te reira rite "30A", ka i runga i te pūnaha taua, engari te rua o nga piha haapiiraa. Ki te hanga te kātakí me ūnga i runga i te pūtake o te take, he mea e tika ana ki te tautuhi i te momo i roto i te rahi iti. Hei tauira, te tūemi tapaina "30V3" hāngai ki te tukatuka o te toru o nga piha o te tika o te pūnaha take.

I roto i tona pukapuka, M. A. Paley ( "ngā tukunga me te taunga") Te faataa ra e te rua i roto i te parau tumu engineering whakamahia te atu pinepine atu i te take. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e titau te reira i tooling iti te utu, me te taputapu tenei. Hei tauira, ki te hamani i te diameter whanau iti homai o tenei pūnaha mō whakatokanga katoa rapu tenei piha kotahi anake scan, mo te diameter - kotahi rohe puru. A, no te te pūnaha take ki te whakarite kia ia taunga i roto i te piha haapiiraa i taua e hiahiatia ana he scan motuhake, me te ngongo motuhake.

Ngā tukunga me te taunga: he tepu o ine

Hei tautuhi me te tīpako i te akomanga tika hanga whakamahi o te pukapuka tohutoro motuhake. Ko te kupu, ngā tukunga me te taunga (tauira ripanga whakaaturia i roto i tenei pepa) e te tikanga rahinga iti rawa. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te tuhituhi aua ngā kore anō i roto i te tuhinga e whakaritea e ratou i roto i micrometers (haumano o te mirimita). hāngai Kotahi micron ki 0,001 mm. Ko te tikanga i roto i te tīwae tuatahi o tenei tepu tohu diameters ränei, me te rua o nga - whakatuwhera ine. Ētahi atu tīwae hoatu uara rerekē ki o ratou ine ūnga mahi. "Plus" tohu i muri ki tenei uara tohu e kia tapiritia ai ki te taha ränei, "haunga" tohu - e ko reira e tika ana ki te tango.

miro

kia tango kātakí, me fe'unga whiria hononga ki pūkete te meka e haere tahi i te miro e anake e te kōtaha o te rōpū, kia waiho hei okotahi momo kohu arai anake. Na reira, ko te tawhā matua e whakatau te āhua o te ine, - tenei diameter toharite. Kātakí me te taunga mō te diameter waho, me te ā whakaturia kia rite ki rawa faaore i te taea o pinching o depressions me nga tihi o te miro. Hapa whakaiti te rahi waho, me te roto nui te whakanui ake e kore e whakaawe i te tukanga o screwing. Heoi, ine i roto i te miro taahiraa me kōtaha koki arahi ki jamming o te mingimingi.

Ko te tukunga o te miro ki te whakawātea

Ko te tino noa te whakauru, me te pai wewete. I roto i taua pūhui rite te diameter iti toharite ki te nui toharite nui o te miro nati. Ine tangohia ki tatau i te rārangi hāngai ki te tuaka o te kōtaha miro. E parauhia te reira e GOST 16093-81. Kua whakaritea te tukunga mo te diameter o nga nati miro me raka rānei i runga i te tohu e hiahiatia ana o tika (tau tohua). Tangohia raupapa muri o ngā uara o tenei tawhā: d1 = 4, 6, 8; q2 = 4, 6, 7, 8; D1 = 4, 6, 7, 8; A2 = 4, 5, 6, 7. E kore e te tukunga whakapumautia hoki ratou. mara Accommodation miro diameter whanaunga ki te kōtaha ränei tauturu whakatau i te ine matua: te raka waho o runga me ngā uara o raro mō taurangi ā-nati. He tika ti'aturi i runga i te tika, me te tahi te ware enei tawhā.

Ngā tukunga, ūnga me inenga hangarau

Hoki ki te whakaputa me te tukatuka kōrero me ngā tikanga ki te whakaritea tawhā Turner tika whakamahi ngā mea ruri. Ko te tikanga mo te ine taratara, me te whakaū o te rahi hua mā te whakamahi i te rangatira, callipers me callipers. Hoki inenga tika atu - .. Calipers, micrometers, gauges, me ētahi atu He aha te mea te lineup, katoa e matau, na matou e kore e noho ki runga ki taua mea.

Calipers - Ko te taputapu ohie mo ine o te rahi o waho o workpieces. Kei a ia ko te rua o kōpiko waewae kaurori eke i runga i te tuaka kotahi. Tonu vai momo puna caliper, faaite te reira i te rahi e hiahiatia te whakamahi i pokekore me nati. Ko paku atu watea he taputapu taua ohie, t. Ki. mau te nui tomu'a.

hangaia Nutromer ki atawhai inenga ā-. E mea pinepine tikanga, me te momo puna. Ko te taputapu o tenei mea ko rite ki te caliper. Ko te tika o te mea ko te 0.25 mm.

Caliper - he taputapu atu pau. Ka taea e ratou te ine i rua papa waho, me te ā o workpieces. Turner ka mahi i runga i te tarai te whakamahi i inenga caliper o hohonu mo te tango boning taumanu ranei. Kei tēnei mea ruri o te tokotoko ki ngā whakapōtaetanga, me ngā kāri, me te hōkai o te rua o nga rua o kauae. Ki te anga takahuri kiia te i runga i te tokotoko i roto i te tūranga e hiahiatia ana. tika Measurement 0.02 mm o.

SHTANGENGLUBINOMER - Kei te hangaia tenei pūrere mō te ine i te hohonu o te awaawa, me te rawa. I tua atu, ka taea te taputapu ki a koe te whakatau i te tūranga tika o nga taumanu i te roa o te take. Ko te pūrere o tenei pūrere ko rite ki te caliper.

Micrometers tono ki tika te whakatau i te diameter, matotoru me te roa o te workpiece. whakarato rātou i te pōhi i ki te tata 0.01 mm. whakaritea te ahanoa whanganga te i waenganui i te tīwiri micrometer me te rekereke pūmau, whakamana te mana e tītaka te pahū.

Nutromery mahi mō te ine tika o papa ā-. He E whakaritea, me te retireti pūrere. Enei taputapu, he tokotoko e ki ine tohutohu pōro. Ko te tawhiti i waenganui i a ratou hāngai ki te diameter tautuhia e te kuwaha. inenga Range Nutromer kėia 54-63 mm, ki te taea te whakaritea atu upoko i te diameter me 1500 mm.