Kia pehea te maha pūāhua i roto i te reo Hainamana? Ko te tau rerekē i runga i te āhuatanga

Chinese Ko tetahi o nga reo matamua i tuhituhia i roto i te ao. Ko tōna hītori haere hoki i te iti rawa 3 mano. Tau. I kitea nga inscriptions runga reira i runga i te wā anga tuatara te Shang whare (1766-1123 BC. E.).

Ko te hītori o te tuhituhi Hainamana

Ko teina atu te Sumerian Ihipiana ranei wetereo hainamana, engari kahore he taunakitanga e ko te tenenga o tuhituhi i roto i Haina i roto i tetahi ara whakaongaongatia hōtuhi i roto i te Middle Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko nga tauira tuatahi o pūāhua Hainamana e Karari tuhinga i runga i wheua me te anga. ngā ratou o te pātai matakite, me te whakahoki. E whakaatu ana tēnei tuhituhi wawe e i roto i nga ra wawe o tona whanaketanga, i hāngai ai ki runga ki pictograms. Hei tauira, e whakaaturia ana te kupu "kau" te upoko o te kararehe, me "haere" - he pikitia o te waewae.

Neke atu i te wa, Heoi, kua oti Chinese tuhituhi maha huringa, a kua i te wa o te Han whare (206 BC -.... 220 AD), kua ngaro te reira nui o tona descriptiveness. pūāhua Modern i hanga i runga i nga rau tau III me IV n. e. Koinei, engari i muri i taua ratou tata i kore te huri. I tua atu ki te puka paerewa, i reira e ano he torutoru tuhinga. Ko te tsaoshu tino noa, me te Xingsheng. Ko te tino uaua te ahua tuatahi ki te pānui i hoki te iwi nei i kahore whakangungu motuhake. Xingsheng Ko te ahua o te ngātahitia i waenganui i te tere tiketike, me tsaoshu hōtuhi paerewa. Kei te whānui whakamahia tenei puka i roto i China hou.

Kia pehea te maha pūāhua i roto i te reo Hainamana?

Hei tohu ia papakupu tūtahi, te whakamahi i te Hainamana he pūāhua motuhake kotahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūāhua nui kua oti te tuhituhi putanga o kōrero oro e whai tikanga. Ahakoa te pūnaha tuhituhi rerekē i runga i te wā e tika ana ki takaí me tutū tōrangapū, ona mau parau tumu, me ki te pūāhua noho te nuinga i te taua.

Na te tini o ngā pūāhua i roto i te reo Hainamana? Ahakoa tata ratou tokomaha kei roto i te tekau o nga mano (hei tauira, papakupu "Zhonghua tszyhay" Kei neke atu i 85 mano. Logograms), te nuinga o ratou i kitea anake i roto i he mārama tuhinga hītori ranei pūngakupu o te kupu kotahi. te tikanga kei roto papakupu nui 40 mano. Signs ka lau te niupepa, ko te nui ki te mohio 2-3 mano. Tohu.

Ko te kupu, ko te kupu whakahoki ki te pātai o te tini o ngā pūāhua i roto i te reo Hainamana, i runga i te aha ratou i whakapono rānei. Ki te whakamahi koe i te tikanga i whakamahia e te i Haina, ko pea mure ore, rite pai rite te maha o bzgranichno tuhinga taea, kē me hapa typographical ratou tau.

Ahakoa te meka e reira e maha reo Hainamana, te reo tuhituhi ko te ahua noa o te kōrero. Ahakoa, ki te kahore e matau i te reira iwi ki noho o ētahi atu kawanatanga, e taea ki te "kōrero" ki te pene me te pepa ratou. Ka taea te wehea Chinese tuhituhi ki toru momo: Ngāwari, Traditional me Whakahua. I tua atu, i reira he ano he puka i huaina "Pinin", e tohu ana i te patohanga Hainamana reta Latin.

Hainamana Alphabet

pūnaha tuhituhi Hainamana e kore rārangi pū tënei o nga tohu mo te tuku o ngā waeine tangi, phonemes ranei. Engari, ngā reira o te huinga o tohu ranei waitohu, e ko te wae o te tikanga tūtahi (ie. E. Ko te kupu) ranei. Ka rite ki i roto i tetahi atu reo, i roto i te Hainamana i reira he mano o kupu. Na reira, titau tenei pūnaha tuhituhi mano o tohu ki te tohu ia o ratou tūtahi ahurei.

A, no te tuhituhi pūāhua rerekē te whakamahi i te "rārangi pū" o te reo Hainamana, arā, o 12 huānga whakairoiro taketake. Kei roto i ētahi pūāhua kotahi anake e rua ranei rārangi, i kia ētahi ake ki 84. Ahakoa kore te te āputa i waenganui i te pūāhua Hainamana whakaratohia, mai i te mutunga o te pūnaha tuhituhi XIX rautau i kō atu ki etahi tohu kārawarawatanga taketake. Hei tauira, tohu nga porohita ateatenga te mutunga o ngā rerenga kōrero, ka rite ki te piko, te hitirere me tohu pātai.

kupu Hainamana, pūāhua e whakaaturia ana tuatahi iwi, kararehe ngā ranei, engari i runga i te rau tau ka piki tā, me te kore rite ki ta ratou tohu. Ahakoa te tīari ratou a tawhio noa 56 mano, te nuinga o ratou nui e mohiotia ki te kaipānui angamaheni -. He mea tika ki te mohio mo te reo matatini 3,000 anake o ratou. Mahalo he whakapono tenei ahua tika whakahoki te pātai, e hia pūāhua Hainamana.

logograms māmā

Ko te raruraru o whakangungu mano o pūāhua i roto i 1956 arahina ki te meka i e kua faaohiehia te tuhituhi o ngā pūāhua Hainamana. Ka rite ki te hua, riro e pā ana ki 2,000 logograms māmā ki te pānui me te tuhituhi. E whakaako ana hoki ratou i roto i ngā akomanga Mandarin Chinese ki waho. Ko enei tohu ohie, i.e. iti he āhuatanga whakairoiro atu tikanga.

Kua vai pūāhua māmā mō ngā rau o nga tau, engari i mana ngā i roto i te hōtuhi muri anake i te taketake o te PRC i 1950, ki te whakapiki ake i te reo matatini o te taupori. logograms Ngāwari whakamahi rongonui nūpepa o ia rā "o People Daily", e whakamahia ratou i roto i te hauraro, me te ataata rongo. Heoi, e kore ai te iwi te hunga e pai-i tuhituhia, mohio te putanga tuku iho.

he paerewa i roto i Haina (anake Hong Kong) me Singapore tenei pūnaha, me tonu Traditional Hainamana ki hei te paerewa mo Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Malaysia, Korea, Japan, me ētahi atu whenua.

tuhituhi ā

hanga korero Cantonese ratou pūnaha ake o tohu ā. E whakamahia ana ēnei tohu i roto i te tua ki pūāhua Hainamana tuku iho, mo te tauira, i roto i te kōmeke wāhanga whakangahau o ngā nūpepa me makasini ranei. E mea pinepine enei pūāhua kore e taea te kitea i roto i te papakupu. E whakamahia logograms ōpaki mo te tuku o Cantonese.

Pinyin

I roto i te kaha ki te hanga whakawhanakehia te reo Hainamana atu mahino ki Western Haina te pūnaha "PiniIni". Hei whakawhiti i te kupu whakamahi reira te tātai reta Latin. I roto i 1977, kua hanga nga mana Hainamana he tono ōkawa ki te Kotahitanga o mo te ingoa o ngā wāhi matawhenua i roto i China te whakamahi i te pūnaha PiniIni. whakamahia Pinyin e te hunga e e ake maheni ki te tātai reta Latin me te ako ki te korero Hainamana.