Ko te ariā o te egoism kouma: te whakaahuatanga, te ngako, me te ariā taketake

A, no te pāngia te rapunga whakaaro kōrero haamata i te ariā o te egoism kouma, i oke ai pops ingoa Chernyshevskogo N. G., maha-faceted me te kaituhituhi, philosopho, tumu kōrero, arohaehae nui materialist. kua riro Didenko te pai katoa - pūāhua tohu, he hiahia rahi mo herekore, he ngakau mārama, me te kouma. Ko te ariā o te egoism kouma Chernyshevskogo - ko tetahi taahiraa i roto i te whanaketanga o te kaupapa tenei.

whakamāramatanga

I raro i egoism kouma Me i matau ki tūranga taumauri e whakatakoto ana hoki ia painga takitahi o ngā pānga whaiaro i runga i te ngākau nuitanga o te tahi atu iwi, me te hapori rite te katoa.

whakatika te pātai: he aha rerekē egoism kouma i siokitá ki ora tona matauranga? Kaiwhakahau o egoism kouma tautohe e whakaaro he egoist anake o ia. Ahakoa egoism kouma tau'a ore huakore atu taata, a kore ana e ia te mea noa he fakakaukau siokita ki nga mea katoa, engari anake puta rite te poto-atarua, a ētahi wā noa rite te wairangi.

I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, e taea te huaina te kouma moni-whaiaro te kaha ki te ora o ratou ake ngākau nuitanga, me whakaaro, i waho ka whakateka, te whakaaro o etahi atu.

He hītori iti

tīmata egoism kouma ki te puta noa i roto i nga wa onamata, ka tangohia e ia Aristotle ki te tūranga o tetahi o nga wae o te raruraru auhoaraa.

I tua atu, i roto i te Mātauranga French, Helvétius whakaaro siokita whaitake rite impossibility coexistence toenga whai kiko i waenganui i te tangata riri whaiaro-fakatefito me hua pāpori.

He ako atu taipitopito o tenei take ko Feuerbach L. E ai ki a ia, e hāngai ana i runga i te tikanga o te utu whaiaro i te mauruuru o tetahi tangata he mana tangata te.

He ako tino o te ariā o te egoism kouma riro Chernyshevsky. I hāngai te reira i runga i te tikanga o te egoism takitahi hei faaiteraa o te whaipainga tangata rite te katoa. Hoki tenei take, ki te te tūpono ngā ngākau nuitanga rangatōpū, tūmataiti me te tangata, kia taea te whakamutunga.

whakaaro Chernyshevskogo

ka anga ratou philosopho ara, me te kaituhi ki Hegel, ka mea katoa e no ki a ia anake. Piri ki te rapunga whakaaro o Hegel me nga whakaaro o Chernyshevsky ahakoa paopao tona haratau. A ka meinga maheni ki ana i tuhituhi ai i roto i te taketake, haamata ia ki te paopao titiro reira me kite i roto i te kaupapa Hegelian o kino tonu:

• Kaihanga meka Hegel ko he wairua tūturu me whakaaro pūmau.
• Ko te whakaaro me te whakaaro ko te ope peia o te whanaketanga.
• haratau o Hegel me tona fafauraa ki te pūnaha feudal-absolutist o te whenua.

Ka rite ki te hua, ka anga Chernyshevsky ki haapapu te rangirua o te ariā o Hegel ka faahapa ia rite te tangata tohe. Kua tonu Pūtaiao ki te whanake, me te rapunga whakaaro o Hegel mo te kaituhi he koroheke, me te kua ngaro tikanga.

Hegel - Feuerbach

E kore e makona ki te kaupapa Hegelian tahuri Chernyshevsky ki nga mahi o Ludwig Feuerbach, e muri hanga ia he philosopho i huaina tona kaiwhakaako.

I roto i tona tuhinga "Ko e Uho o Karaitiana," ta Feuerbach e te āhua me te hinengaro tangata e wehe i ia atu, me te karakia e hanga teitei me te whakaaro tangata, ko te whakaata o ake ngako o te takitahi. Kei te tino tenei ariā faauruhia e Chernyshevsky, a ka kitea e ia i roto i taua mea e ia te mea i hiahia.

Ahakoa i roto i te whakarau, i tuhituhi e ia ki ana tama e pā ana ki te tino kaupapa o Feuerbach , me i ko ia i tona akonga pono.

Ko te ngako o te ariā o te egoism kouma

whakahaua te ariā o kouma whaiaro moni-i roto i te mahi Chernyshevsky i ki te karakia, te morare, me te idealism minita. E ai ki te kaituhi, aroha te takitahi ia anake. A turai e te miimii iwi ki te tango i mahi.

Nikolay Gavrilovich i roto i tona mahi fakahu'unga e kore e taea e te whakaaro o te iwi te tīariari te maha natura rerekē, me te huinga katoa o te tangata e hiahia ki te mahi i runga i tetahi o te natura, i rite ki te ture kotahi. Ko te ingoa o tenei ture - egoism kouma.

hāngai ana mahi tangata katoa e ki runga ki whakaaro o te takitahi i runga i tona painga whaiaro me te toko i te ora. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakaaro te moni-whaiaro kouma rite patunga tangata tona ora ake mo te whakaaro ki o te aroha hoaraa ranei, mo te whakaaro ki o tetahi moni. Ahakoa i roto i te mahi taua ko te tātai me te flash pipiri whaiaro.

He aha te mea te ariā o te egoism kouma rite ki Chernyshevsky? Ko te take i te whaiaro ngākau nuitanga o te iwi e kore e ki te aroaro ki te iwi whānui, me te kore he anga ke ki a ratou, hua ētahi atu. taua mau parau tumu anake whakaaetia, ka tamata ki te kawe i ki ētahi atu kaituhi.

Ko te ariā o te egoism kouma kauwhautia poto Tchernyshevskiy rite te ariā o te "iwi hou."

Ko te ariā taketake o te ariā

E aro mātai ana te ariā o te egoism kouma te painga o te whanaungatanga tangata me te pai rawa o nga mea tino pai. Mai i te wāhi o te tirohanga o te ariā, te faaiteraa o te pûpûraa me te aroha e tino horihori. Kua tikanga ratou anake aua faaiteraa o teie mau huru, e hua i roto i te PR, pai, a na i runga i. N.

I raro i egoism kouma mahino te kaha ki te kitea he whenua waenganui i waenganui i ngā āheinga whaiaro me ngā hiahia o ētahi atu. I tua atu, e hāngai ana ia takitahi te anake i runga i whaiaro te aroha-. Otiia ki te whakaaro, ite tetahi e ki te reira ko te ki te whakaaro anake o ia, reira ia he kanohi he momo nui o ngā take, e hiahia anake ki te whakatutuki i ngā matea whaiaro. Ka rite ki te putanga, mai te mau taata ki fakangatangata whaiaro. Ko meatia tenei te ano, e kore i roto i o te aroha mo etahi, engari no te mea o te whaiaro aroha-. Na reira, i roto i tenei take he mea tika ki te korero o te egoism kouma.

Ko te putanga o te ariā o te pukapuka "He aha ki te mahi?"

Mai ko te whakaaro matua o te ariā o Chernyshevsky ora i roto i te ingoa o tetahi atu tangata, ka ko tenei te mea piri nga pūāhua o tona pūrākau "He aha ki te mahi?".

Ko te ariā o kouma whaiaro moni-i roto i te pukapuka "He aha ki te mahi?" E whakapuaki ana te mea ke atu, e rua i roto i ngā matatika, te hiahia mo te āwhina tahi, me te mau mai i tahi iwi. Heroes o te pūrākau e ko te mea hono. Source o te oaoa mo ratou - ki te mahi ki te iwi, me te angitu o te take, i te mea te tikanga o to ratou oraraa.

He hāngai, me te ki te oraraa o te pūāhua nga parau tumu o te ariā. whakakitea Chernyshevsky pehea ki te aroha tino whakakitea te mata tūmatanui o te takitahi.

Te tangata kia mea pipiri kuiti-whakaaro o te pūrākau Maria Alekseevna pūrotu kuare he tata rawa ki te pipiri o te "iwi hou." Ko tona ngako ko anake e te hāngai te reira i te haafifi i tūturu ki te pai, me te oaoa. Me whakatau painga kapu o te takitahi te moni tūmatanui, tāutuhia ki te ngākau nuitanga o te iwi e mahi ana.

e kore e oaoa mokemoke te tīariari. Oaoa o tetahi takitahi tei runga i te oaoa o te katoa me te toko i te ora whānui i roto i te hapori.

Chernyshevsky rite kore he philosopho mau miimii i roto i tona tikanga tika. toa egoism kouma o te pūrākau tāutu ona painga ki te painga o ētahi atu iwi. Hei tauira, te tuku i Vera i te tukino kāinga, ka wetekina te reira i te hiahia ki te kore e marena mo te aroha me te hanga tino e pai ia Kirsanov, haere Lopukhov ki te atarangi. Ko tetahi tauira o te faaiteraa o te egoism kouma i roto i te pukapuka o Chernyshevsky tenei.

Ko te ariā o te egoism kouma - te pūtake taumauri o te pūrākau, te wahi i reira he kore wahi pipiri, te apo, me te individualism. Ko te pokapū o te pūrākau, ko te takitahi, ana tika, ki ana painga. karanga ana tēnei kaituhi ki te whakarere i te poutohu kino i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i te oaoa tangata pono, noa'tu eaha te kino tikanga ranei mafasia tona ora.

Ahakoa i tuhituhia te pūrākau i roto i te rau tau 19, he hāngai i roto i te ao i teie mahana ona turanga.