Ko te cosmodrome Russian nui rawa. spaceports Russian

Modern spaceports Russian he taonga e whai wāhi nui i roto i te pūtaiao, ohaoha, pāpori-tōrangapū, kōrero ahurea i ngā taumata. I roto i Russia, i reira e rua Pads hanga ngā me raro. Hea te whakarewatanga wāhi Russian? He aha ko nga ingoa o ngā e homai e ratou i teie nei?

He aha e spaceports i Russia?

"Baikonur", "Plesetsk", "Kapustin Yar", "Mārama", "Free" me i raro i "Te Tai Rāwhiti" - he hou spaceports Russian. Rārangi o te ahanoa hāngai, o te akoranga, e taea te whakaritea - i runga i te āhua o ka te hanganga kia tohaina i timataria ai i roto i te anga o te hōtaka wāhi Russian rānei. Ko reira taea e tika ana ki te wāhi nui o ngā pokapū wāhi, me te te matatini o te mahi ki te kia faatiti'aifarohia e ratou, ka whakatuwhera i te Pads hou, kati nāianei ka kawea ki tetahi atu wāhi. Otiia i te momeniti spaceports Russian rite tautuhi i runga, e taea te tikanga kia i titiro rite pūnaha o te taonga tono e hāngai ana makona whakapumautia. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou inaianei nga pau o ia o ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

"Baikonur" - te spaceport matua i roto i te Hōtaka Space Russian

"Baikonur" - te cosmodrome, e kore nei e no ki Russia ko Katatānga, te Russian Federation, engari ko reira tata te kaiwhakamahi anake. Ko tōna ngā matua - RSC "Energía", Central Hoahoa Bureau "Fakalakalaka", Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva Space Center «South». "Baikonur" i hanga i roto i te 1955. tangohia ana tēnei ahanoa e te kāwanatanga Russian i roto i te Republic o Kazakhstan i reti mo te 50 tau. Ko te utu o te spaceport ko e pā ana ki 5 piriona moni i te tau - .. 3.5 piriona he, i roto i te meka, reti, 1.5 piriona -. Nga moni tohaina ki te pupuri i te tōtika o te hanganga RF.

Baikonur, i roto i te noa'tu o te ture hononga Katatānga, ngā tirohia rite te spaceport Russian. Kei te mohiotia e ia mo te meka i whakarewahia ai i te pee'utari tuatahi o te whenua, te waka ātea topu tuatahi, ngā āmiorangi pūtaiao, missiles ballistic. Baikonur Ko inaianei te nui rawa o nga whakaurunga katoa o te momo e kua whakamahia i roto i te ahumahi wāhi Russian. Ko tōna rohe katoa - e pā ana ki 6717 mita pūrua. km. I roto i te tau torutoru whakamutunga te Baikonur Russia - te rangatira ao i roto i te maha o rōnihi.

cosmodrome "Baikonur" Hanganga

"Baikonur" Hanganga māngai, i roto i ngā taonga pērā i:

- 9 complexes tīmatanga o ngā kāwai rerekē;

- tikanga 15 launchers mo pere whakarewatanga, te kimi i roto i kaipuke wāhi me āmiorangi;

- whakamahia 4 launchers ki te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau o missiles ballistic;

- 11 kuhunga, te tikanga mo te tāutanga, me te whakamātautau o te taputapu mo ngā take;

- Matatini 34 taunga mō missiles prelaunch me te putanga ratou i roto i te wāhi mo te ngā take;

- teihana 3, i roto i nei te tākirirangi whakakī hou me ētahi atu waka ātea kora rerekē;

- te awhe whanganga;

- Mōhiohio me Computing Center, i roto i nei te mana me te whakahaere o te misioni wāhi, me te tukatuka momo rerekē o te raraunga;

- hāora-hauota production whare, taea ki te whakaputa i pā ana ki 300 toni o ngā momo o ngā hua cryogenic i roto i te ra;

- kaha chp o 60 MW;

- mana 72 MW tereina operable ki kapohau hau;

- teihanaroto hiko o 600 ngā;

- kōpuku kōrero i roto i te nui o 92 wae;

- airfields - "tino" me "tiupiri";

- te hanganga tereina rohe ko te roa katoa o e pā ana ki 470 km;

- roa ara hanganga o e pā ana ki 1281 km;

- rārangi mana i roto i te 6610 km, hononga - ki 2784 km.

Ka tirohia nga āhuatanga matua o te cosmodrome nui rawa, te wāhi i roto i te hōtaka wāhi Russian, nga pau o te tahi atu whakaurunga o te momo e whakahaere i roto i Russia.

"Kapustin Yar"

"Kapustin Yar" E rave rahi kairangahau ahu ki te kia i titiro atu rite te whenua whakangungu hōia. Otiia i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi e taea te whakaaro te reira i te spaceport me, runga ake katoa e tika ana ki te meka i te rōnihi whakamātautau o missiles ballistic hanga i taua mea - ki warheads e kua whakaaturia i roto i te wāhi tuwhera. "Kapustin Yar" hanga i roto i te tau 1946.

Kei te cosmodrome Russian nuinga i roto i te rohe Astrakhan, engari he wahi o Atyrau, Kazakhstan ko Te Hau-ā-uru Kazakhstan rohe ētahi wāhi. Ko tōna rohe katoa - e pā ana ki 650 mita pūrua. km. He ona ake pokapū whakahaere tenei pae whakarewatanga - te pa o Znamensk. Kei rererangi hōia Pātata te runga reira.

"Ūkuia"

maha whakaaro Cosmodrome "Mārama" tohunga rite te pātengi raraunga hei timata - engari mo missiles, ano, te tikanga mo te hua i roto i tuwhera wāhi. Tino whakamahia mai i te tau 2006. Kei tenei cosmodrome āhua hou i roto i Russia, rohe Yasnenskom kei e te i roto i te rohe Orenburg.

whakaaro te operator matua o te ahanoa te ki he kaporeihana ao "Kosmotras". Ko te hanganga o te cosmodrome te nuinga whakamahia mō te whakarewa ki te ohuraa whenua āmiorangi maha. I te wa ano ki te whakaoti i te raruraru e hāngai ana maha tākirirangi "Dnepr" whakamahia production Russian-Ukrainian.

"Plesetsk"

Ko te Russia cosmodrome raki - "Plesetsk". Kei tata 180 km i Arkhangelsk - tonga o te pa. wāhi Āhuatanga Ko āhua 176,2 heketea. ka anga ia ki te mahi i roto i te tau 1966 kia rite ki te cosmodrome "Plesetsk" o te tau. Mai taea te kawea te reira i roto i rōnihi pere no ki te hapu o P-7 me ētahi atu e te hunga rite ki nga akomanga.

Ko te raki cosmodrome Russia, rite tuhia e etahi kaitätari, kua he lekooti o te katoa maha o kawea ki whakarewa reira ki wāhi.

"Free"

Kei Cosmodrome "Free" kei roto i te rohe Amur. whakahaeretia e ia mai i 1996. He ana tēnei pae whakarewatanga Russian he wāhi 410 sq. km, a kua te hanganga ki te whakarewa i tākirirangi me piha waenganui marama. He meka ngā ko e i tīmataria te hanganga o te "Free" rite ki te hua o te meka e muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union ko te cosmodrome matua Soviet "Baikonur" waho o te Russian Federation, a kua whakaritea e nga upoko o te hōtaka wāhi Russian e hiahia te kāwanatanga ona ahanoa ake o te ūnga e tika ana. I roto i te mahi, i te wa i te cosmodrome tino rāwhiti Russia i muri i te tīmatanga o te mahi whai wāhi, i ngā, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakamātau i rōnihi o missiles ballistic - pērā i te "Topol". Na, e kore tata whakamahia kaha, he te nuinga e tika ana ki te meka i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti, kei te hanga i te whare hou tenei - te cosmodrome "Te Tai Rāwhiti". A feruri i, i roto i te tahuri, ko te kōrero taketake e pā ana ki reira.

"Eastern"

Ko te mea hōu me te cosmodrome Russian tino rawhiti tenei. timata ia ki te hanga i roto i te tau 2010. Ka tū te reira, i te ara, e kore e matara atu i "free", mahara nei ki te kia whakamararatia e tika ana ki te tāutanga o te hanganga taketake kei roto i te "Te Tai Rāwhiti" me te arotautanga muri o logistics ki nga pau o te whare hou kua.

Kei te tatau te reira e e te cosmodrome rawhiti hanga Russian te wāhi o e pā ana ki 1035 mita pūrua. km. tikanga Ko tōna whakatūnga te ki te whakatutuki i te wero matua e whai ake nei: ko te rironga o ake spaceport o Russia, urutau ki te rere ngā momo katoa o missiles, hanga ngātere atu o te whanaketanga kaha o nga rohe Far Eastern Russian. hoatu ana tēnei rohe te tokanga makehe i roto i te āhua o ngā hōtaka pāpori-ōhanga, ka whakaaro hanga o ngā whakaurunga kei te rite tetahi o nga āhuatanga tino nui mō te whakatinanatanga angitu o ēnei kaupapa.

"Te Tai Rāwhiti" - cosmodrome Russian, e kua he maha o ngā painga, i roto i ngā, ki te "Baikonur". Hei tauira, te ara o te pere, ka e kia whakarewahia i konei, kei te kei waho te Tuitui kapi ngā wāhanga o te Russian Federation, me te kāwanatanga ke - te hunga whakatakotoria i runga i nga wai kūpapa. I roto i te tua, he take nui ko te wahi kei te spaceport e i roto i Russia - ara, i roto i te takiwā o te hanganga ikiiki pai whakawhanakehia-. hanga te "Te Tai Rāwhiti" mahi rawa utu-whai hua tenei. Heoi, ngā ano etahi tohunga he maha o hapehape i roto i te kaupapa o te ahanoa hāngai o te hōtaka wāhi Russian. Tuatahi o te katoa, i reira ko te meka i kei te "Te Tai Rāwhiti" i 6 nekehanga raki o te "Baikonur" - na te katoa papatipu ututaumaha e puta i roto i te wāhi, ka waiho paku raro te pokapū wāhi Russian.

A, no te e tīmata ki te "Te Tai Rāwhiti"?

A, no te ka uakina te cosmodrome Russian rawhiti me tīmata mahi?

I te tīmatanga i riro te reira e ka whakatinana te whakarewatanga tākirirangi tuatahi i te ahanoa hāngai i te mutunga o 2015. Otiia i te kau whakangaueuetia ia i roto i 2016. Ko te whakarewanga o te waka ātea topu ki te "Te Tai Rāwhiti" - te tuatahi ki te kia tū i roto i te 2016. ka ora kaimahi o cosmodrome hou a Russia i Uglegorsk, kei nei i roto i te rohe Amur - i roto i te takiwā tonu o te whare i raro i hanga. Ka "Eastern" tinana whakahaere kia kei i roto i te taua pa. E te ara, etahi o te hanganga o te cosmodrome ka pea e hanga waho o te rohe Amur. Kei te riro te reira e ki te "Te Tai Rāwhiti" ka kia taea ki te whakarewa i tākirirangi tata tetahi momo - te marama, reo, me te taimaha - pērā i, mo te tauira, "Angara", kawea nei i te whakamātautau angitu i roto i roto i Russia i 2014.

whakarāpopototanga

Ko te kupu, kanohi whakarewanga wāhi hou Russia 5 whakaurunga ngā - i roto i te hunga pera tawhiti taea te whakaaro "noa", no te mea he reira ki runga reira te hanganga katoa, a kotahi i raro i hanga. E tū ana ratou i roto i nga wahi ngā o te Russian Federation - i roto i te tonga o te wahi Pākehā o te whenua, i roto i te raki, i roto i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti. Ko te spaceport nui i timataria ai i roto i te hōtaka wāhi Russian, kei te roto i katatānga. Aita i maoro roa ka wehea e ia o ratou mahi, e kua whakahuatia i roto i te whakatinanatanga o katoa te rapu-i muri i ngā momo o rōnihi tākirirangi i te cosmodrome "Te Tai Rāwhiti", kei te hanga nei i roto i te rohe Amur.