Ko te hītori, me te tikanga o "te raupapa Faahuru"

History o Russia he rota o ngā me ngā āhuatanga o e ai fifi mō ngā ākonga. Ko tētahi o ēnei ariā ko te Faahuru o te tikanga, i mahi i roto i te XVII - XVIII senituli, te tūranga o te kairapuhara, me te tino aratai.

Ko te matatini o te take takoto i roto i te meka e kua puta ke te wā "kia" i roto i te rau tau whakamutunga tona tikanga. Hoki tenei take, kua ngaro maha ngā ākonga, ka whakaakona: "Roha i te ariā uara. Liliú o te tikanga -? He aha te mea te reira "I roto i tenei āhuatanga, he hape kerekere ko ki te ngana ki te whakahoki i te pātai, e hāngai ana i runga i te reo hou ?.

Ko te wā "tikanga" - he whakaritenga ranei te mana?

Hei ako i te tikanga o ngā ariā "raupapa Faahuru" ka whakamārama i te wāhi takaro ia i roto i te hanganga o te kingitanga Russian, he mea e tika ana ki te mahino te takenga o te wā "kia". whakamārama Modern Dictionary te kupu e whai ake: ". he tikanga, i raro ki te mahi tino" Heoi, i tapa tenei fakalea āhua tata. I roto i Russia, Heoi, mai i te mutunga o te rau tau XV, i huaina ai e te tikanga o te mana pokapū kawenga mo te tetahi wahi o te āwangawanga tūmatanui. Na, Prince Ivan Iii, oti te whakakotahitanga o rerekē rangatiratanga Slavic, puta ke te pūnaha mana Russian mā te whakawhiti whakahau mana whakahaere - te tauira o manatü hou. kia Ambassadorial, Local, Street, tika Pushkarsky ... Ki ia pūnaha rangatira kingi ranei hou kīnaki, engari tae noa ki a Pita ahau e kore mutu ki te tīariari.

Ko te ahua o te Liliú o te tikanga

au, tenei mana tona ahua ki te rua kainga iti e tata ana Moscow - Semenovsk ko Faahuru, i roto i 1682 whakaraua i ki tona whaea taitamariki Tsar Pita. kukū katoa te mana i roto i nga ringa o te Regent - Sophia, me kua faaoaoaraa mo Pita kua whakaritea "whakangahau" e rua wiki. Whakahaere i te take ōhanga, me te tahi atu katoa o enei Tuhinga i whakawhitia ki te rawa hanga mo whakaaro tenei whakahau Preobrazhensky.

Heoi, i runga i te wā, ka rite ki te taitamariki timata a Pita ki whai wāhi i roto i te kāwanatanga o te whenua, tenei "rorirori" tikanga ki te taui i to ratou auraa. Huihui huri noa ia nga hoa o te Pita taitamariki, whakawhanakehia reira te mahere tuatahi hanganga nui, kōrero te hiahia mō ngā pakanga ki a Turkey. Hei ārahi i te tikanga o Pita A. hoatu tetahi o ona hoa tata - Prince Fedora Yurevicha Romodanovskogo.

Ko te take tino tuatahi o te Liliú o te tikanga

I roto i te 1689, Princess Te Paea ngana ki te hopu i te mana tonu, me te meinga kuini. I tautokona te reira e te Royal Tuhinga tu ana i roto i Moscow. Tuhinga Funny, arahina e te rangatira Romodanovsky, i takoha ki tona whawhai nui tuatahi, me te riro. I whakahekea Sophia ki Novodevichy Convent, me te Liliú o te tikanga o te whakahaere pakihi iti meinga kua tetahi o nga mana tūmatanui tino nui. I whakahaerea te reira i pirihimana i roto i Moscow tirotiro hara tōrangapū i roto i 1698 i whakaaetia e ia te tika motuhake ki te whakawa i tetahi hara ki te kingi ranei te mana kingi.

Ko tenei whakahaere kingitanga kaha o Pita ahau titauhia e rave rahi te Heitiki a te ngangau, i te whakatoi o hoariri tōrangapū o Pita me executions toto. ka te ariā o "Preobrazhensky" he kupu whare, mo nga tau maha amui te iwi ki ruma fakamamahi'i torturous whakamataku me utu nanakia.

Heoi, i roto i te meka, i nui whanui te mahi o tenei tikanga: ki runga ki te hanga o te kaumatua i roto i 1711, ko ia te tino aratai matua o te whenua i roto i te ngaro o te kingi. Hei tauira, i te whai wāhitanga o Pita e ahau te Embassy nui ki a Europe ko Faahuru kia ki te whakatutuki i ngā raruraru ā-katoa.

tūranga Preobrazhensky i pehi i te musketeers whakatikanga ake

Ko tētahi o nga take tino nui, e taea e whai wāhi rangatira kaimahi Romodanovsky, ko strelets whakatikanga ake i roto i 1698. Tonoa (hei utu o te whakangā i fafauhia) ki te mahi i roto i te Tuhinga Great Luke i pai ki te whakarongo ki whakahau. Na oho ratou ki te wewete Princess Sophia - ". I atawhai ki a ratou" pērā Pita, e, I kurua tāmia Strelets whakatikanga ake. I te wō o Pita hopukina neke atu i te 300 kaikopere i a ui i roto i te tikanga SVEZA Faahuru. Ko nui te hiranga o tenei hui mo te whanaketanga o Russia: ko reira i muri i te ngangau i roto i 1698 strelets ope i whakamararatia ka mutu ki te tīariari ake.

Puta noa i te whenua, i te tutei pukuaroha musketeers. E rave rahi o te whai wāhi i roto i te ngangaretanga ngaro i roto i nga herehere o te Liliú o te tikanga, ara atu i mahi i nuitia i runga i Whero Square mo te hanga o ētahi atu. riro tenei hui fakamamahi Vasily Surikov i tona peita "ata o Execution nga Strelets '."

Ko te tau o te wā Empire

I roto i nga tau o muri mai, ka te Faahuru o te tikanga ake me atu pokapū tekitiwhi me te mana ture. Mai 1702 i reira ka anga ki te ui katoa e "i korero mo te kupu Ariki" (arā, i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te wahi haamouraa kōrero tutu ranei).

I roto i te 1718 whakapumautia mahi ngaro i roto i St. Petersburg, i riro nga mahi o te Liliú o te tikanga i roto i te raki, me te tau torutoru e rua kua hanumi i muri i enei whakahaere ki tetahi. Ko konei te reira i, i roto i te a Pita ko Paora pourewa, i reira ko te tari huna ki reira, whakahaere te take o Tsarevich Alexei - tama a Pita ahau, nei i te whakapanga o he i. tikanga uiui e pā ana fakamamahi'i kihai i puta ke noa mo Alexei Petrovich, a ka tukua te tui ki raro hohoro. Heoi, i mua ki te mahi o te kainga ki te torona kihai i ora: Hune 26, i kitea e ia kua mate i roto i tona pūtau.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o te Liliú o te tikanga

te Petrine kia katoa era Liliú ko te mea nui rawa o te mana emepaea. Whakawhānui ona mana, e taui te reira i tona ingoa: i roto i te 1702, ka mohiotia te whakahaere rite fakataimi "marae whānui". Na roto i te mutunga o te kingitanga o Pita ahau, i te mana, ki te rapu me te whakawa herehere tōrangapū, te tirotiro take taihara, ki te kawe i roto i executions, a tae noa te whakahaere i te hoko o te tupeka tenei tikanga. I roto i te wahi o Fedor Romodanovsky ka haere tana tama, Ivan Romodanovsky, ki te arahi i te mahi tekitiwhi taihara kua hoatu Andrey Ushakov.

Ngaro ko ratou brainchild faufaa o Pita i muri anake tona matenga. Catherine whakaingoatia e ahau te whakahaere i te Tari o te Faahuru, pupuri i te nuinga o ona mana. A i roto i te 1729 i te pae hopea whakakahoretia te Hiha Pita II te mana te whakakoretanga tona rangatira, me te whakawhiti mahi katoa i roto i te kaumatua me te Kaunihera Hupirimi.