Ko te kaupapa o te ako Biology General ko te huinga o ngā tukanga e à te āhuatanga o te ora

Natural Ko e kore anake tetahi o nga rangahau tangata tuatahi o nga wāhi taketake o te pūtaiao, engari ano hoki he huānga nui i roto i te whanaketanga o to tatou ao. Ko te kaupapa o te ako Biology General ko te huinga o ngā tukanga e à te āhuatanga o te ora. Nui i roto ia ratou: ko te whakaputa uri me ontogenesis, whakapapa me te rerekētanga, te whanaketanga o mua o te tipu me te kararehe momo, me te kōwhiringa tūturu. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou ki a ratou i roto i te kōrero atu.

Ko te tūranga o te kaupapa hītori taiao i roto i te whanaketanga o te hapori

whai wāhi pütaiao koiora tono e i roto i te ako mahi o nga ari runga ake o te natura, te whakamahi i te hua ki te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi hou o te koiora whānui - pūtau me te engineering ira, koiora, me iranga taupori. Ko te whanaketanga tere o te hangarau ahumahi me te tukanga o te ao i roto i te ōhanga ao e aivanaa akina ana ki te whai wāhi i roto i te rangahau nui i runga i ngā take o te haumaru te taiao o ngā pūnaha māori.

Ka rite ki te pūtaiao naturalistic, rangahau koiora whānui te hanganga tino matatini o te whakahaere o te ora: taupori-momo, me te taumata rerekē o ngā pūnaha kaiao me te ao koiora.

Ko te hītori o te whanaketanga o te matauranga koiora

Ko te pūtaiao e Akoranga āhua i tona kanorau katoa, i whanau i roto i nga hohonu o te matauranga tangata ki te awhina o nga mau philosopho o Kariki tawhito me Roma, Heoi i matau rite koiora anake i roto i te rau tau XIX, i roto i nga mahi o J. Lamarck ko G. Treviranus. Ko tētahi o te matamua o ona pekanga whakaaro taxonomy hāngai C. Linnaeus, me Morphology, ahu i roto i te tuhinga whakapae o Hipokeletisí, Galen me Aesculapius.

Ko te ahanoa o ako o koiora whānui ko ki te whakatū i te kotahitanga o kaiao ora i te tuatahi rāpoi, me ka - i te taumata pūtau. whakamatauria te putanga o te ariā pūtaiao, whakawhanakehia e te Russian evolutionist PF Goryaninovym me pūtaiao Tiamana M. Schleiden me T. Schwann e te puka taketake o te ora i runga i te whenua - ko te pūtau. whakaarohia R. Virchow te parau tumu o "ora - i ora" hoatu te mutunga ki kōrero e pā ana ki te taea o te whakatupuranga māhorahora o pūtaiao kaiao i nonliving mea.

Cytology i taua tikanga rite centrifugation, irahiko Microscopy, tikanga whakataki, e tuatapapa i te hanganga o ngā prokaryotes me ngā pūtau nucleated me ko te pūtake mo te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa mahi o te pūtaiao taiao: histology, iranga, tupuranga.

te mau parau tumu pūkoro i roto i ngā pūnaha ora

rangahau koiora General kore anake te hanganga matū me te hanganga o rauropi, engari ano hoki nga tukanga e à ratou pākia. Biochemistry whakapumautia regularities o tauhohe anabolic, pērā i te ahotakakame i roto i ngā tipu. Ka tiro ano hoki te biosynthesis pūmua (tuhinga me ngā tukanga translation), whakatau nga tikanga e tika ana mo te tauhohe dissimilation whakarato tika pūtau rāhui pūngao rite ngā rāpoi ngota o NADPH me ATP.

Mai te ahanoa o ako o koiora whānui he taumata rāpoi o te ora, tino whakaaro te tauhohenga o te catabolism. I raro i ngā āhuatanga takohe, synthesizes te pūtau kararehe 36 kiore o ATP i ia rāpoi ngota o te kūhuka i te tauhohe o te huringa Krebs.

piri Plants me harore i roto i ngā tauhohenga o te pākia e pūngao i roto i te tikanga anaerobic hoki PF ₃ H ₄ e ₃ ki te Ethyl waipiro, ka whakaaetia - ki te waikawa lactic. Otiia i roto i te wā katoa, te synthesized rāpoi o mea pūngao - triphosphate adenosine.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, te kaupapa o te ako Biology General ko te tikanga o te pākia e. Ko te māngai o te kararehe puta ia ki te whai wāhitanga o whākōkī o huarahi matüora rite. whakaatu tenei te kotahitanga o te takenga mai o te ora i te puka pūtau tupuna noa. I roto i te rawaka taipitopito hipokina te mea i roto i tenei wāhanga o te pūtaiao taiao rite te ariā o te kukuwhatanga.

Fundamentals o koiora whānui

He tenei ingoa he ako kura naturalistic whakaurua i roto i te marautanga, timata ki te māka 9. Ngā mihi ki te mau parau tumu pūtaiao, me te Makiri o tonutanga, ako ngā ākonga kura nui e pā ana ki ngā kararehe, te tuhi i runga i te matauranga o te akoranga o huaota, te mätai kararehe, anatomy. Ki te hanga i te pikitia tino o te āhua o ngā tamariki - te mahi mātauranga matua.

Basics o cytology, ontogeny, tauira o te tupu - te ako taua koiora whānui. Kaupapa i oti rawa ano ki te whanaketanga o mua o te ao waro me nga taketake o te rauropi, arahi ki te pakaruhanga nui i roto i te feruriraa o ngā ākonga, me te whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga tonu o ratou tuakiri.