Ko te papatipu rāpoi o te rangi - faaotiraa

Ko te taimaha rāpoi faaite rite te moni o nga marea o te ngota roto i te rāpoi ngota o te taonga. Ko te tikanga kua whakahuatia i te reira i roto i te amu (wae papatipu ngota), i ētahi wā ano hoki i huaina Da me te tohu D. hoki 1 amu tangohia tenei ra 1/12 taimaha C ngota ¹² waro, i roto i ngā wae o papatipu rite 1,66057.10 ^-27 kg.

Ko te kupu, ko te papatipu ngota o he rite ki te 1 hauwai, tohu e te ngota hauwai i roto i te ¹ H 12 F ¹² wa māmā ngota waro. Whakanuia te pūhui matū taimaha rāpoi runga 1,66057.10 ^-27 whiwhi uara taimaha rāpoi i roto i kirokaramu.

I roto i te mahi, Heoi, oaoa i te kopu nui atu watea = M / D, te wahi M - taimaha i roto i te wae taimaha ano rite D. Ko te papatipu rāpoi o te hāora rāpoi, faaite i roto i ngā wae waro ko 16 x 2 = 32 (rāpoi ngota hāora diatomic) . Waihoki, i roto i te tātaitanga matū me e tātai papatipu rāpoi o te tahi atu pūhui. Ko te papatipu rāpoi o te hauwai, i te mea ano hoki he rāpoi ngota diatomic he rite ki, aua, 2 x 1 = 2.

taimaha rāpoi - he āhuatanga o te papatipu toharite o te rāpoi ngota, taea reira mo te hanganga isotopic o nga mea timatanga i hanga i te matū. Ka taea te whakaritea i tēnei auau mō te ranunga o te maha matū nei hanganga te mohiotia. I roto i ngā, i te rāpoi papatipu o te rangi e taea te tango rite ki te 29.

I mua i roto i te matū e whakamahia ana e matou te ariā o te kamiriona. I teie mahana whakakapia tenei ariā e mol - nui o taonga ngā he maha o matūriki (ngā rāpoi ngota, ngota, katote) rite ki te tamau Avogadro (6.022 × 10 ^23). Tae noa tenei ra, Kei te hoki ngā whakamahia reira te wā "titiwha (rāpoi) taimaha." Otiia, i roto i te rerekē ki te taimaha, e tei runga i te taunga matawhenua, te taimaha - ko te tawhā tamau, na katoa te taua ko reira tika atu ki te whakamahi i tenei wā.

kia kitea ai papatipu rāpoi o te hau rite tahi atu hau te whakamahi i te ture o Avogadro. kī tenei ture e raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite i roto i ngā pukapuka ōrite o ngā haurehu tapaea te taua maha o ngā rāpoi ngota. Nā tēnei, i raro i etahi pāmahana me te pēhanga mol hau ka noho te rōrahi taua. Hoatu e meatia tenei te tino mo te ture o hau pai hau mol kei roto 6.022 x ²³ rāpoi ^Oketopa e i te 0 ° C me te 1 huru pēhanga me te rōrahi o te 22.414 rita.

papatipu rāpoi o rangi tetahi atu matū haurehu waihā ranei ko e whai ake. Whakaritea e te papatipu o te rōrahi o te hau mohiotia i te tetahi pēhanga me te pāmahana. Na e papaki mo te ideality kore-o te hau tūturu me te whakamahi i te whārite PV Clapeyron = RT homai rōrahi ki te tikanga pēhanga o te 1 huru me 0 ° C. ka, mohio ki te rōrahi me te papatipu i raro i enei tikanga mo te hau pai, he mea ohie ki te tātai i te taimaha o 22,414 rita me te momo hau whakamātautau e ko, tona taimaha rāpoi. Ko te kupu a takoto papatipu rāpoi o rangi.

homai i tēnei aratuka he tika tika uara taimaha rāpoi, e e ētahi wā whakamahia ara mo te faaotiraa o te papatipu ngota o pūhui matū. e kore hoki te tata taratara o te taimaha o te hau e te tikanga whakaaro reira pai rāpoi, me tetahi whakatikatika anō te mahi.

Kei te maha whakamahia te tikanga i runga ake mō te whakatau i te taimaha o te wai ahua rāpoi.