Ko te peita "Black Square" e Malevich: te tikanga o te pikitia, he whakamārama o

Kotahi rau tau ki muri, i hanga enei kupu e rua tikanga, e kore e hoatu okiokinga ki te tokomaha te iwi nui. Ko te peita "Black Square" mo tetahi toi runaruna ke - te mahi Russian tino rongonui o te toi - he tohu o te whakaaro mo te wa roa i mua o te wā noa i roto i te rau tau tere XX.

artist cataclysms era

i ora ai Kazimir Severinovich Malevich toku ora, te rite iti rawa ki o te kaiponu mohio te whakarau i toi, kua whakaturia he whāinga ki te tiki taonga i te hoko ariā ākahukahu, te tohu o i kitea ko te rota o "tohunga" peita e Malevich "Black Square". I whanau ia i roto i 1879 i roto i Kiev, i roto i te kaiwhakahaere hanga utuafare rahi i roto i te wheketere huka. Ko te hiahia ko te ki te utu i te tamarikitanga, engari e kore e te moni iti whakaaetia ki te farii i te mātauranga toi auau, takoha wawe tīmata ki te mahi ora rite te whakaīngoatia.

I roto i Kursk, i reira oho ia whānau Malevich, whakaritea e ia he porohita o te hunga i aroha toi, ka anga ki te faaineine i ki te tomo i te kura Moscow o Painting, i tamata hua kore ki te mahi i roto i te 1905 - hapa ia mātauranga ōkawa. Ahakoa ko kē Casimir he tangata whānau, whakangaueuetia ia ki Moscow, whakaako i roto i te paetahi kura tūmataiti o te Imperial Academy o Toi F. I. Rerberga me mātātoa whai wāhi i roto i te mahi o ngā rōpū toi, i ētahi wā te tuwhena tino - pērā i "Jack o Taimana", "Tail a Kaihe" , "kaieke Blue" me pera i runga i. d.

wā rapu

whakakahoretia New Era i te uara tawhito. tikanga ngaro o ngā āhuatanga whakairoiro toi whakaahua, tuhi ka mau te wa te whakaahua me te kiriata mäharahara ana, akina te toi ki whakamātau ki te puka. hanga kotiti nga kaupapa mua revolution pāpori me te ōhanga, mātātoa awe te rapu mō papa reo ihirangi hou.

noho Malevich i te waenganui o te ora toi kua awe e te ngā tino matatau: tuhituhi whenua impressionistic, ka mau wahi i roto i te mahi i tautohetia o nga Futurists (hei tauira - e haere ana i runga i te Kuznetsky Bridge me koko rakau i roto i o ratou buttonholes), pania i te kāhua o te Cubism, kua whakawhanakehia tona kāhua ake - "ākahukahu talena ", hangaia te tānga kaitito tino Five and Seven pērā i A. whiria me Velimir Khlebnikov. Fakataha ki tukua Mayakovsky "kiri o teie mahana ', whakaata nga ngā o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao.

"Victory i runga i te Sun"

Hoki i roto i 1913, i reira kua whanaketanga nuinga takoto te ora auaha o Malevich. I roto i te St. whakahaeretia Petersburg "Te Tuatahi katoa-Russian Congress o Futurists", i tae e te iwi e toru: te ihi o te reo hou - "zaum" - Aleksey Kruchonyh, he kaitautoko o dissonance waiata Michael Matyushin me hoariri kaha o te peita taipe Kazimir Malevich. Ko te hua o te mahi faauruhia e rua ngā mahi o te opera "Victory i runga i te Sun", ngā i roto i te hītori o te toi Five and Seven. Ko reira i konei tuatahi Malevich peita "Black Square" - puta rite tauihu rite te puipuitua ki te tirohanga ki te mahi 1 o te opera.

Ko te kaupapa matua o te opera ko te whanautanga o te hou, te pūkaha o te heke mai, e taea anake puta ka te oti te whakangaromanga o te ao tawhito. whakaurua tenei kaupapa e kaiwhakaari kore-ngaio i roto i ngā kākahu fantastic i runga i huahua e Malevich, mea kerekere, engari whakaputa "tito noa", he nekehanga i roto i te tirohanga mīharo raro oro atonal pakeke tangohia i te piana inoino. mutu te mahi i roto i te take, t. E. i tutuki te whāinga.

"0.10" whakaaturanga

To'ume'a tuhia kaha o Malevich ki whakakotahi ia toi huri noa ngā ki te whakaputa whakaaro. Ko ara hoki ana kaitautoko ko reira he whakaaturanga ohorere oti o 39 peita rite mo te whakaaturanga, i whakatuwheratia Hakihea 19, 1915 i roto i te taiwhanga N. Dobychina i runga i te Sharing de Mars i mua. Ko te ingoa "Zero Ten" te auraa kore puka whāinga i roto i te pikitia, me kotahi tekau exhibitors (ahakoa i reira i 14). Ko tona wā tuatahi i reira ko te pikitia o te "pouaka pango" - horo te whakaahua ia i roto i te "kokonga whero", te wahi te nuinga o whakanohoia ata. Ko te artist whakairihia ia te peita i runga i te po i mua i te whakatuwheratanga, tuhituhi pānui me hainatanga, rite te Faaiteraa "Mai i Cubism ki Suprematism. talena pikitia New. " Ko te kupu ka e ia te matenga o te kaupapa hou toi, ko tona tohu ko te peita "Black Square". Kua te whakaaturanga kua whakaritea rite te "Futurist Last", engari te whakamāramatanga o reira rite te whakawhitinga ki Suprematism, rite fokotu'u e Malevich, kihai i ana hoa whakaae - whakaaro tuwhena rawa toi karangatia.

Suprematism

mai te ingoa i te supremus Latin - te teitei - supremacja me Polish - painga, aoniu. ka mea te whanaketanga ariā o te kāhua hou o Malevich e pā ana ki te mana o te irrelevance rite nga āhuatanga tautuhi o toi pono. Wetekina i peita fakaefakatātā riro te mahi o te hanga parakore, rite te hanahana, me te peita "Black Square" i roto i tenei tikanga kua he pervokletki kounga, te huānga tuatahi o te ao hou.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga o te wā Malevich whakaaturanga o faufaa tino ki te mooni hou i hanga e te taputapu nui e whakamahi ia - te tae, ngā rārangi, puka āhuahanga ohie. Ko te tohu Suprematist tuatahi, tae atu ki ngā peita Kazimira Malevicha "Black Square", i te expressiveness motuhake e hāngai ana i runga i tito tae poto, e kore rārangi mio'i me tirohanga irirangi, te peehia o rōrahi, me te pera i runga i. D. I roto i te heke mai, ka mau te whanaketanga o te mau parau tumu te puka o pānga i runga i te ngā momo - hanganga maitai supremacist o tau tangata puta noa huānga e toru-ahu - "architectons" faaiteraa hei whakaaro Malevich i hoahoanga heke mai.

Ko te pūtake o te ao hou i hanga e te kaitoi i tetahi faaiteraa nui - "Black Square". Ko te tikanga o te pikitia o te ngota ko uara faaoti e kore e o i hanga mahere o te ao ngā me te hou, te tahi atu parau mau, me te kanorau o te ao hoatu te rangirua me te "Black Square". He aha te mea te reira?

Apotheosis o irrelevance

Te pororaa i motuhake toi parakore pono o te tuhituhi i te āhuatanga o te parau mau, mai te artist te taniwha, ki te mate o tetahi whakarite, ranei ki te rapu i te āhua tuatahi, i te mea e taea ki te wehe ki huānga wāhanga. Ko te huānga tuatahi kitea e te Malevich tenei - "Black Square". Ko te tikanga o te pikitia ko e te mana'o whakaputaina e reira, e kore e whakawhirinaki i runga i ihirangi pū, i te rōpū ki te ao whāinga, te tohutoro motuhake me nä. E kore te mea ngāwari te mahi whakaritea Ruānuku, e titau te reira i te whai wāhitanga o te pūtirotiro, te ngaohiko o tona kaha fakalaumālié, aroaro i reira o etahi tueke. A maha e kore e hoatu i te reira mau pahonoraa mārama, ka tohu te ara hou ki te tiki i nga mana'o o te ora, a kahore he e te whakaaro o te toi?

Tae - te pūtake o te peita hou

Ko te taitara tonu o tona ariki peita tino rongonui denoted e "Black Suprematist tapawha i runga i te papamuri ma." Hoki te toi me te tangata tohe konei ko reira nui ki nga kupu, no te mea te tuatahi o te tae, niu nei tona tuatahi te Suprematism. Ka taea e kitea e koe he whakaahuatanga o te peita "Black Square" e Malevich, te wahi i te tae o te peita tono ki te koaka, ko reira he ranunga matatini o atarangi rerekē, i roto i nei kahore he bezels mārama pango me te ma i huaina keto atarangi kirīmi marama.

Te āhua i hanga reira tikanga mo te rangatira, i te mea kua mahi ia i nga kaupae muri - i roto i te raupapa rongonui o "ma i runga i ma" ka hāngai te expressiveness o peita kei runga mohio whanaungatanga tae i waenganui i te rererangi. Ko te peita "Black Square" - i te korero o te tae tino, te tino taimaha, nui, rerekē. Ahakoa te māramatanga o mangu rite te hua o te Mixing o te tae tuatahi (mahana me te matao, spectral me ētahi atu), whakapakari te faufaa o tenei whakapuakanga.

Energy me te marama

No miharo te whakahuatia tuatahi o te tapawha pango kitea i roto i te mahi a Malevich i te hoahoa o te pohara opera "Victory i runga i te Sun". Whakaahuatanga o te peita "Black Square", he whakamārama o te papamuri ma i runga i nei whakanohoia te he ahua totoka puatakore rite te pokeranu marama o onaianei arai, puta i roto i te toi me te whakarongo, a rawa pararopi i te horopaki o ngā tango wahi i roto i te opera.

E mea maere pehea whakahaere Malevich ki matapae ngā wāhi momona e kua riro wā i muri i te hawhe rau. Ad Reinhardt, Sol LeWitt, kahore feaa, i haere ana me te ara tohua e "Black Square". I roto i te tae me te pūngao wiri Mark Rothko o riro puka laconic tauine rangi, me te tikanga o te faaiteraa o tenei pūngao ko rite ki te Suprematist tata mooni.

E kore te mea mohiotia te nui i hoki Malevich mau ia vai puka tangata-hanga, ngāwari taha parallelism o te tapawha, muri pōkare me te keto pango, engari hanga te tahi mea ki hi'oi ki te pikitia me te meneti radiation pūngāwerewere i reira riro sino.

Ko te raruraru o whakaaro, te mutunga o te toi?

ngā banal o mau huru tohu poto toi, engari i roto i te take o te wawe o Malevich he kitea. I reira etahi kitea ki to'utangata tohu Paipera, i hoatu e Malevich "Black Square". Ko te tikanga o te pikitia ka kite ratou i roto i te mutunga mate, i kawea mai nei e kua te toi o te peita, me rawa, te whanaketanga o te whakaaro pāpori.

whakapuakina te mahi mua o te toi pai i tawhitotia, a ka kite i te tapawha te hua tūturu o auaha rapu formalists. No miharo reira ko te kōrero e, no te kitenga ia "Black Square", ngaro Picasso moni i roto i te Cubism - atu neke ki te haere ... Kaua e tāpiri mariu kua tae mai te wa o te whawhai me te mārama ohiti takamua o te tutū hou ake nei.

Na ano, i te tihi o te wa ka i roto i te pepeha karangatia e Malevich, rongo te karanga ki te kitea huarahi hou, a kahore e te whakakāhoretanga o te tikanga tawhito o te whakaatu i te ao te huri mea tino. I whakapumautia tenei i mahi atu o te rangatira me te oranga tonutanga ana akonga o ona whakaaro.

tohu otstcheta

i ngā tonu Malevich kānawehi körero mātotoru, e i ngā ingoa o te toi, me te moni i utua mo te pikitia taketake - te "fakaangá" e whai ite tamaiti-wahine. Ratou whakapono te hopoia i roto i te kore auraa o taua toi. Te poka pango, te ngongo mea marama o uara toi pono, a ka te mea tino kaitiaki o nga whakarerenga iho i te pae varua, me ngā paerewa morare.

Na, e mohiotia te ingoa o Malevich ki nga artist heke mai, kaihoahoa kaihoahoa ranei i roto i te ao kei te, i Suprematism he pānga i runga i nga toi o nāianei tino rongonui. Hei tauira, te kaituhi o te puka ultra-hou i roto i ngā whare, me te karapotia e te tangata - Zaha Hariri - fakamamafa'i te mana o nga whakaaro o te artist Russian i runga i tona mahi katoa.

He aha e hiahia ana koe ki te mahi i te peita "Black Square"

Ka taea e koe te ora ki te ora, kahore whakaaro e pā ana ki te he ora whakamarie pai-whangai, kia kite i te ao rerekē atu i ētahi atu. Ko e totohe ana ki hoa me hoariri, ki te hanga akonga, ki te tamata ki te riria te tika o te mana kāwanatanga, me te taka ki te rawakore me te whakarau, ki te mate i te mate fakamamahi e kore ano koroheketanga, me te whakaahua ke ratou ake tangihanga i roto i te wahi toi Five and Seven.

Ko te aha haafifi mea? Kanaweti, he iti moka o te peita, me te iti o ngā pūkenga peita - faahiahia rite o te faufaa ao. Na pai ara - te whakatikatika rorohiko me-te kounga teitei pūreretā - na ngawari, tika atu, atu ataahua ... ka tino nui - e kore e hanga kaha hinengaro anō, he pera ohie no te mea katoa ...