Ko te rorohiko whaiaro papatipu tuatahi. Ko te hītori o te rorohiko whaiaro

Kua meinga e te rorohiko he wāhi o te oraraa o te taata e rave rahi. Otiia kotahi i tāwāhi pūrere ranei te PC, he reira wātea tika ki nga hangarau utu, me te tūmataiti tiketike. Heoi, i runga i te wā, i kitea e matou i te tīmata o te huringa o te rorohiko whaiaro ki te pūrere nui. Mihi riro ki nei kua te PC wātea ki te whānui o te pā o te hangarau mamati ngā, me te tangata noa, te hunga e ngali taea pai te mahi i waho reira? Nei rorohiko whakaaro te ki hei te tuatahi i roto i te maha o taua mau faaotiraa?

Paearu mō te wahi tuatahi

e kore e mutu kōrero Active e pā ana ki te tangata e ko te rorohiko whaiaro tuatahi papatipu-hua, ki tenei ra. He tino rerekē ngā tohenga i roto i te manakohia o te waitohu i hanga e kua te hua, kua meinga nei PC whānui tāruaruatia.

Tohunga whakapono te paearu matua, i te mea e taea ki te whakamārama i te take, nga meka hītori e whakaata te whakaatu wā motuhake o te hua mō te mākete papatipu. Ko, hei he rorohiko, kua whakamahia ki te atu hokona (te mutunga hoko papatipu) - a kia ia, kia rite ki tenei tikanga, ki te kia whakaaro te tuatahi. Na reira, to tatou whāinga matua - ki te tūhura i te raraunga hītori e hāngai ana.

Ko te PC tuatahi

I te reira i, i roto i te meka, te PC tuatahi - ahakoa papatipu takitahi ranei? No runga i tenei take e tata nanakia atu i roto i te take ki te whakamāramatanga o te hunga rorohiko e kua riro te mana o te herekore whānui tāruaruatia kōrero. putanga rerekē, e whakaata ana etahi o te hunga e i tukua te PC tuatahi, a tae noa ka, kua puta ia i roto i te mea āhua. Ko te kupu, i reira he taunakitanga e i roto i 1968, he kaipūkaha i Omsk, Arseniy Anatolevich Gorohov, arai he pūrere rorohiko, he tino rite ki te PC hou te hanganga. Te reira i reira kōwae pūnaha aroturuki ki te kawe raraunga, me te wāhanga hiko mō te hāngai mahi kaupapa, me te RAM kāri ataata. Heoi, e kore e haere te tenenga ki production.

Ko te PC tuatahi i Apple

Tiro puritia, i roto i nei i whakaaro te PC tonu-parirau tuatahi ano i roto i te United States - ara, i roto i nga tautooraa o Steve Jobs ko Steve Wozniak, e whakaekea te ao he PC ariā auaha i raro i Apple waitohu i roto i te tau 1976.

Ko te rorohiko tuatahi Apple rapu tāpiritanga pūmārō nui - whare, aroturuki, papapātuhi. Otiia i roto i te meka te taputapu taea pai ratou mahi. Heoi, i roto i 1977 whakarewahia te mākete i Apple II rorohiko, kua kararehe reira. Enei whakaaro, kia rite ki maha IT-tohunga me inapō o hītori rorohiko, he tino hāngai ki te mana o te papatipu. Eaha te auraa? Ko te meka e Apple PC tauira i roto i te 1976 - ko, pea, ko te rorohiko whaiaro papatipu tuatahi. Aru tata tūnga e wātea ana ki te whānuitanga o ngā kaiwhakamahi whānui hokona Apple II rorohiko.

Ko te PC tuatahi i IBM

Otiia i roto i te faatura o te wāhi o te tirohanga o ngā mahi i roto i te whānuitanga o counterarguments. I roto ia ratou te hunga te hunga e kua hāngai ana ki te wero i te mana aito Apple i te āhuatanga o te putanga i runga i te mākete rite te PC taua, tino kaimahi. Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i te tau 1975 - i mua i reira nga whakaaro i Apple, kua whakahaere IBM ki te whakaputa i te tauira rorohiko o 5100. I āhuatanga i te reira e te aroaro o te aroturuki motuhake, he kawe raraunga, me te te papapātuhi, a reira rawa ōrite, kua whakapono ki inapō o hītori rorohiko, te tūnga o whaiaro. Heoi, ko te utu - neke atu i te 20 mano tāra o tetahi -. He torutoru tatini utu American te pea e kore e whai wāhi ki te meka i ko reira te rorohiko whaiaro papatipu tuatahi.

IBM PC me te paearu mo te "papatipu"

I roto i te 1981, whakarewahia IBM he tuwhena atu utu atu i te tauira 5100, engari i te wa taua mahi, a ka tino nui, he pūrere ariā tino whakataetae kua riro e te ingoa o IBM PC. tukua devaysa angitu fakaofo maha tohunga me te pā o hikohiko āhuatanga e tona papatipu rite te rorohiko whaiaro tuatahi. He aha te momo o tohenga arahi kaiwhakahau o te aromatawai taua?

Tuatahi o te katoa, karanga ratou ki te rethink te paearu rite taua "papatipu". O te akoranga, ko te mua mua o maha rongoā whakataetae pūrere o Apple i ngā o te ariā o te utu e horo'a mākete PC. Heoi, ko te PC IBM ka rawa kaha tohatohaina e tikanga o te maia: he kaiwhakamahi hoko i te PC, e taea te whakarerekē i te reira i roto i te āhuatanga o te whakakapi i te momo o ngā wāhanga - pūtukatuka, mahara, puku pakeke. Kaiwhakarato o te aroturuki me te tahi atu whakaaro e taea e tetahi waitohu. rorohiko o Apple, i roto i te tahuri, ko te tūāpapa kati. Waihoki ko te take i roto i te āhuatanga pūmanawa. Ko te pūnaha whakahaere o te rorohiko whaiaro IBM PC ariā i taea e tetahi. I roto i te tahuri, i runga i te pūrere Apple i whakanohoia i roto i te take whānui, he pūnaha whakahaere kamupene.

ariā e rua

Ko te kupu, e taea te mohio ki te paearu o "papatipu" rite tono ki te mākete taputapu rorohiko i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. Computers i Apple hāngai ki a ia i te viivii ore o te meka e kua riro ki te tuku o te whakaaro tuatahi o nga PC waitohu utu whānui o ngā kaiwhakamahi ngā. A paraparau o te mākete US - tetahi tangata ki te utu toharite. kua patua ana IBM te US, a muri mākete ao pūrere e, motu ke i te utu, i taea te whakarerekē noa, tārua i haputanga. pūmanawa PC, te ōrite IBM architecture, hoki i taea te hanga e te tangata, me te mohio pehea ki te tangata.

Well, ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai matua o te tuhinga mea e taea te i roto i te ara e rua. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki ka a ko wai whakawhanakehia te rorohiko whaiaro papatipu tuatahi, i roto i te parau tumu, te pai e taea e tatou e te karanga i te kamupene Apple me te pūrere o te taua ingoa i roto i 1976 pionie te mākete. Otira, e matau ana tatou e reira e te tahi atu paearu o papatipu, pērā i maia ki tetahi kaiwhakawhanake o ngā wāhanga pūmārō pūmanawa ranei. Ratou, i roto i te tahuri, hāngai ki te hua o te kamupene IBM. Ko te kupu, ka whakahoki te pātai o ka me e whakawhanakehia te rorohiko whaiaro papatipu tuatahi, tatou mea - te takaro he wāhi nui i konei, IBM me ona IBM PC 1981 hua o te tau.

Ko te tikanga o te wā "rorohiko whaiaro"

He rerekētanga i roto i te tikanga o te wā "rorohiko whaiaro" me te putanga rerekētanga tahi, e whakaata ana i te painga i o te waitohu i roto i ngā o te mākete PC. He aha te mea te wāhi o te tirohanga o tohunga i runga i tenei kaupapa?

Etahi o nga tohunga tohu i taua vai te wā rawa "rorohiko whaiaro" roa i mua i reira i whakaaro Hupa i Apple me IBM. E ai ki etahi pūrongo, i whakamahia ai te tuatahi i roto i te pā ana ki te pūrere Programma 101, tukuna e te kamupene Italian Olivetti - ano, ki te take o te whenua o te take o te PC tuatahi. Puta i tenei meka, te tuatahi o tetahi o nga rama American - ki Apple IBM ranei hoatu tika.

Heoi, i reira he tautohetohe e pā ana ki te āhuatanga e awe te tohatoha papatipu o te wā "rorohiko whaiaro". Here mahuetanga putanga tohatoha mau tukutahinga o whakaaro e pā ana ki te IBM me Apple Championship i te āhuatanga o ngā pūrere putanga i runga i te mākete e wātea ana ki te whānuitanga o ngā kaiwhakamahi whānui. Whakatauritea ratou whaitake, pea hoki e kore e mahi tika.

Ko te rorohiko rongonui tuatahi i Apple: Whakatakotoranga

Otiia hoki ki te hītori o te PC. Kua takoto matou e taea te whakaaro tetahi o nga kaiwhakaatu o te "papatipu" o te wā o te kaiwhakarato PC tuatahi Apple. He pārekareka ki te ako i te āhuatanga o ngā pūrere e hoatu te kaporeihana US i runga i te mākete i roto i te tau 1976 me te 1977. rite rawa te rorohiko Apple tuatahi i ki te Mos 6502, e mahi ana i te auau o te 1 MHz. I kitea te PC 4K o RAM, e ki te awhina o papa iahiko atu taea te nui haere ki te 48 KB. Tata i te taua āhuatanga i roto i te Apple II.

Ko te rorohiko tuatahi i Apple: te taea

Aha i taea te mahi i runga i te PC tuatahi i Apple? Kia mea he e nga pūtukatuka tēnā pērā i ngā rorohiko whaiaro i te auau ahua rawa ataahua.

Heoi, i ranea he mahi tohua mo te whanaketanga o ngā hōtaka, me te hoki kēmu - i roto i te meka, te tono arumoni tuatahi o te momo e tika ana i, i rite tuhia e etahi tumu kōrero me ngā mātanga, tuhituhia mō Apple II. kēmu rorohiko, whakawhetai ki te PC i Apple, kua meinga e wātea ana, na he whānui o ngā kaiwhakamahi ngā.

IBM PC: Āhuatanga

Ngā Āhuatanga IBM PC, tukua i roto i te 1981, e whai ake. rite rawa PC i ki te rere Intel 8088 i te auau o 4,77 MHz. I taea te whakaturia te rorohiko ki te 640 KB o RAM. PC IBM BASIC-whakahaere pūnaha mahi PC-DOS ranei.

Kia kï hoki, e rite te rauemi mō te rokiroki raraunga i roto i te PC IBM i whakamahia te nuinga i roto i te kōpae pīngore ki te diameter o 5.25 inihi. I muri ka haere te reira i runga i te hoko PC ki rīpene. Heoi, i hohoro kitea te PC IBM te raruraru ki te hononga ki te kōpae mārō o te rorohiko mā te tuku i te kōwae motuhake mo reira, i roto i nei i reira taea ki te tuku mana. Na e taea inaianei kaiwhakamahi te hono ki o koutou kōpae PC ki te kaha o te 10 MB.

Kua whakamatauria e na angitu IBM tauira PC e kua kaha te tārua te ariā e whakaarohia ana e te kamupene US - e rua pakihi runaruna me nui. ka karanga whakatau e hāngai ana i "PC IBM Hototahi", e ko hototahi ki te tüäpapa taketake. noho hāngai ana tēnei wā ki tenei ra.

I runga anō i te ariā o IBM i nga akomanga tino rerekē o rorohiko whaiaro - "desktops", monamona, rorohiko. He maha ngā tohunga whakapono ko ano hoki e hoahoanga whakaaro pūkoro, i roto i te whānui, hāngai ki te pūhara, rite i roto i ratou PTM, mahara, wae tukatuka ataata, me te rokiroki.

O te akoranga, rama e rua - Apple me IBM, kua hanga takoha nui ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi rorohiko. I te tino iti rawa, e kore i tetahi ariā whakataetae ratou whakaaturia nui i roto i te mākete PC ao. këtia te āhua tumu o tüäpapa e rua e ratou mana e taea te takina kia tawhiti - tata wāhanga nui katoa o te taputapu rorohiko me ngā pūrere mamati.

ariā tonu

Rua ariā - tuwhera, me te kati, whakaarohia e IBM me Apple o, noho na hāngai tonu. I roto i tenei take, he papatipu tiketike, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, e āhuatanga e tika te turanga taua i IBM - i te viivii ore o te maia whakahuatia i runga ake.

i reira ko te wā "IBM PC-hototahi rorohiko" i runga i te mākete rorohiko hou. E kore tenei tikanga e te tika tukua reira e IBM. Heoi, ko reira rite ki te ariā e tapaea ia i roto i te tau 1981. O te akoranga, puta ai ki runga ki te mākete i te whānui o ngā momo o rorohiko whaiaro momo, engari i roto i ngā o te no ki te tūāpapa te hopoia e taea kia kōmakatia ratou rite ariā e hāngai ana i te PC IBM.

pūhara o Apple tonu te mana o kati. Waihoki, ko te āhuatanga ki te tahi atu wāhanga o te mākete, kei hea te reira te tohu - i roto i ngā i roto i te mara o utanga pūkoro. Smartphones me papa i Apple - iPhone, iPad āhuatanga e te tūāpapa kati.

Kia kï hoki, e whakaaro ratou whakataetae matua te ki he ariā tuwhera i runga i te whakamahi o te pūnaha whakahaere Android i Google. Ko te kupu, ko te riri i waenganui i nga tüäpapa tuwhera, me te kati te mau whakawhiti ki te mākete PC ano i roto i te wāhanga o te hikohiko pūkoro.