Ko te tikanga matua o te takenga. Ko te hanganga kupu hou

Ko te kupu o tetahi reo e tonu whakawhänui ki wae wetereo hou. Ko te tikanga matua o te whakakī he takenga. He ona ake āhuatanga, me ngā momo tēnei tukanga. Basic tikanga o hanganga kupu e motuhake ki ia reo ngā. Tei te reira i runga i te hanganga, ngā āhuatanga me te hototahi o ngā wāhanga o te kupu.

ariā

I raro i te kupu hanganga mahino te ahua o ngā tūemi wetereo hou mā te whakamahi i pīmuri, ngā kuhimua, me ētahi atu tūāhua. Ko te tangata e mohio pehea te hanganga kupu i roto i ngā reo, e taea ki te kapi hohoro atu ratou kupu, me te ki te pānui i me te mārama i ngā kīanga, kahore he ki te whakamahi i te papakupu.

He maha ngā whakarōpū o ara o te hanganga kupu. whakamahi ētahi wetereo ki typology me ngā ariā diachronic synchrony, engari te tetahi tino noa ko te tohatoha o te tukanga mō te momo morphemic me nemorfemny. Tei hoki whakarōpū i runga i te reo, i reira te kupu hanganga. Ko te ripanga i raro whakaatu nga āhuatanga o te tukanga mō te reo Russian.

He ona ake āhuatanga, me ngā āhuatanga i ia Momoroto.

Te takenga whakamahi tūtahi

āhuatanga tikanga Morphemic e te meka e puta nga kupu hou i roto i te reo i roto i te whakamahi o ngā waeine wetereo wā me Nui Tireni motuhake. He ona ara matua o te hanganga kupu tenei momo:

• Hiku.
• Ko te prefixed.
• ngā rerekē prefixal, pīmuri me ngā momo Postaffixal.
• Addition.
• Whakarāpopototanga.

He āhuatanga motuhake, āhuatanga me te hanganga o etahi ture ia kōwhiringa.

momo kūmuri

Ko te ara matua mo te takenga o te reo Russian ko te tukanga o pīmuri. I roto i tenei take, puta tūemi wetereo hou mā te tāpiri ki te turanga o te kupu pīmuri momo derivational. Hei tauira, e rima uchi, Teremera uchi. hipokina Suffixation tata katoa ngā wāhanga o te kupu, engari ko te noa tino ko te kupu hanganga o tūingoa, adverbs me tūāhua.

haere tahi ana tēnei tukanga e ngā whakarerekētanga morphemic, e kua wehea ki te maha iti-momo:

• morphemes tauutuutu: ia - hoa (r-g).
• Poporetanga tūtahi whakaputa: tiketike - tiketike.
• Whakakikorua tūtahi maha: māwhero - māwhero.
• Huria nako: matomato - matomato.

e kore te mea he rārangi tino o huringa, e taea arahi te takenga tenei. pā Hiku atu āhuatanga morphemic. huringa Taumata i runga i nga āhuatanga o te reo ngā rānei.

Ko te momo prefixed

Ki te hanga e te kupu hou e mā te tāpiri ki te turanga o nga tamahanahana tēnā, e korero tatou e pā ana ki te tukanga o ngā kuhimua. I roto i te rerekē ki te pīmuri, te tikanga hanga kuhimua wae wetereo hou i roto i te wahi ano o te kupu. Hoki te reo Russian te whakamahi i te tikanga tuku iho, ko te piripiri ore o te ihoparau. Hei tauira: ki te tunu - tunu - faaineine i; tuhituhi - tohu - wete etc.

Ahakoa te tika whānui tenei momo, maha prefixing whakamahia te roto i te taha ki te tahi atu momo o te hanganga kupu. Tino maha, Hiku reira, postfiksatsiya me etahi atu.

Ko te huinga o pīmuri, ngā kuhimua me postfiksatsii

āhuatanga hanganga kupu Modern e te whakamahi tukutahi o kupu ki pīmuri, ngā kuhimua, me ētahi atu kōwhiringa rite me te ngā ngā ona. I roto i te reo Russian titore i waenganui i nga tikanga e whai ake nei:

• Prefixal-kūmuri. i hanga ki te kupu hou kei te tukutahi ki te awhina o ngā kuhimua me pīmuri. Hei tauira, te ara - te kopakopa; rohe - tāwāhi.
• Postaffixal. Ko te putanga o te kupu hou mā te tāpiri Postfix: Xia, ranei, mahana, te toronga A'o etc. Hei tauira, te tangata - te tangata - te tangata ..
• Prefixal-Postaffixal. I roto i tenei take, i hanga te kupu hou e te kuhimua me Postfix wā kotahi. Nuinga o ngā wā, he reira i roto i te wahi ano o te kupu i te kōwhiringa taua. Fakatatau ki ai, i roto i te ara taua ko reira te takenga taea o tūāhua, tūingoa, tūmahi, me ētahi atu Hei tauira, te karanga - karanga .; moe - moe me ētahi atu.
• Suffixal Postaffixal. puta te wā kotahi i te kupu ki te pīmuri me Postfix. Hei tauira, horihori - take; mano - te mano. Te takenga o ngā kupu mahi - anake te wāhi i roto i te reo Russian, e whakamahi tenei tikanga.
• Prefixal-kūmuri-Postaffixal. āhuatanga tēnei kē e te hanganga o ngā kupu hou mā te whakamahi i rua pīmuri, ngā kuhimua me postfiksatsii. Hei tauira, e kowhetewhete - muhumuhu; kōrero - korero.

Enei momo o te hanganga kupu he kaha rawa i roto i Russian kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te maha ētahi atu reo.

tua

Tino noa mō te reo Russian ko te aroaro o te tua rite te ara o te hanganga kupu. I roto i tenei take puta te kōwae wetereo hou rite ki te hua o te whakakotahi i rua ranei ake tīpakohia kupu i roto i te kotahi wahi. I runga anō i te aha kupu e ngā me e ara, te wehewehe i nga ara matua e whai ake nei o te hanganga kupu i te tikanga o te tua:

• Stem-. puta tūemi Papakupu New i muri i te tua o te rua, neke atu rānei ngā kupu ki te whakamahi o te interfiksa. I roto i tenei take ko reira te wāhanga nui whakamutunga o te huinga. Hei tauira, nga wairakau, etc. ia.
• Addition o rua, neke atu rānei kupu, āhuatanga e te aroaro o te taurite nui. Hei tauira, he moenga sofa, te Pirimia me etahi atu.

mātātoa Addition whakamahia i roto i ngā reo Russian me ētahi atu, me he tino maha kawenga mo te takenga o tūingoa me ngā kupu mahi.

whakarāpopototanga

He tikanga o te hanga, i te mea he hoahoa o tohu hou mā te whakamahi i splicing wahi kupu atu, ka karanga whakarāpopototanga. Tei runga i te tikanga me te huinga o ngā āhuatanga e whakamahia ana ngā wāhanga o te kupu, i reira e whai ake nei whakarāpopototanga:

• I te tīmatanga. I roto i tenei take, puta kupu hou i roto i te whakamahi o oro takitahi reta ranei. Fakatatau ki ai, kia whakarāpopototanga tuatahi tari'a (hei tauira, MAT, kura) pūrārangi ranei (hei tauira, NLO, LPG et al.).
• Kūoro. Tenei momo tā te whakamahi o ngā wāhanga motuhake o kupu rerekē (hei tauira, toa tari, hokohoko uniana et al.).
• Konatunatua. Tenei momo Ko te huinga o te wahi tuatahi o ratou tetahi wae-kupu, me te tahi atu wae e tino (hei tauira, utu, uniana, me ētahi atu).

Ko te tino hāngai i roto i te papakupu hou whakarāpopototanga, no te mea i teie nei i reira te mea he au te ao ki te whakaaro ki te whakarite pū mōrahi me te papû i o te reo.

momo Nemorfemnye o hanganga kupu

Ko te hanganga o wae wetereo hou i waho te whakamahi o tūtahi, ka i reira ko nga ara matua e whai ake nei o te hanganga kupu:

• Papakupu a syntactic.
• Morphological me syntactic.
• Papakupu-pū.

I roto i ngā take pēnei i, puta tika ana ki te whakawhitinga o tetahi wahi o korero ki tetahi atu, he hononga o te hunga pohewa o te tikanga wetereo o te kupu i runga i nga wae takitahi ranei kupu hou.

ara Papakupu me syntactic

Kei te tuku i tēnei kōwhiringa ano ki rite coalescence, no te mea kei te te kupu hou i roto i tenei take i hanga e te hononga o te kīanga ngā. arata'i ana tēnei ki te mea kei te rerekē haere kore anake te tikanga wetereo o te kupu, engari ano hoki tona tūranga syntactic. Hei tauira, māotaota - matomato: haurangi heke - haurangi et al.

mahi te nuinga maha kōwae wetereo ti'aturi hei tūkē, a rawa maha ko te hononga o te hanganga kupu o tūāhua me participles. He rerekē i roto i taua whai ratou he nako me tono tino o ona wahi katoa taurite o enei wae wetereo.

ara morphological me syntactic

āhuatanga tēnei kē e te hanganga o ngā kupu hou mā te huri i tetahi wahi o te korero ki tetahi atu. Ko te momoroto e whai ake nei o tenei tikanga:

• Substantivation. Te whakawhiti i tetahi wahi o te korero i roto i te kupu ingoa. Hei tauira, he tohunga ārahi me te ope o te whakaaturanga, he toa i werohia, me te puku, me ētahi atu i patua.
• Adjectivization. Moving wāhanga o kupu āhua kupu. Hei tauira, he kaiwaiata tauhou, etc. tepu kua oti te.
• Adverbializatsiya. Moving he noun i roto i te tūkē. Hei tauira, i runga i te ata hotoke - te ata ki te haere mai.

He hoki kōwhiringa atu mō te tikanga morphological me syntactic. He ona ake āhuatanga, kōwhiringa hototahi me ngā āhuatanga motuhake ia reo.

tikanga Papakupu-pū

I roto i tenei take, tūemi wetereo hou puta i muri i te kupu motuhake, motumotuhia tona uara turanga, me whiwhi anō. Hei tauira, te pee'utari - e rua rite te hoa, me te tinana tiretiera; Titanium - he Rapa namata, me te whakarewa me te tini ke atu. Ko te kupu, ko te hanganga o te kupu reo rerekē e tika ana ki te rerekētanga o te kupu semantics.

Hoki te takenga Me pera ano etahi tikanga me te ōrite o te tītohu e rua ahanoa ranei. Me maha tenei te rota tonu o te wā.

hanganga Kupu i roto i te reo Ingarihi

Construction o hou kupu i roto i te reo Ingarihi kawea i roto i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. I ngā wā, wehewehe wetereo liunga me te takenga rite te kupu hanganga i roto i te reo Ingarihi. Ko te ripanga i raro nei whakaatu tenei:

Ko te liunga, ka ko āhuatanga o te reo Russian tenei tikanga. Waihoki, i roto i te reo Ingarihi e hanga e tata tetahi wahi o te kupu. Hei tauira, ki te tāwai, kaumeá, pouri-puru, tētahi et al. Takenga āhuatanga e te hanganga o etahi atu wae wetereo. Ka taea te rite tenei e te faafariuraa i tetahi wahi o te kupu ki tetahi atu (whakahoki - ki te whakahoki kupu), huringa i roto i te wāhi te ahotea (pakanga - ki pakanga), te whakarerekētanga o ngā oro (tohutohu - ki te tohutohu) ranei affixation whakamahi kuhimua me pīmuri. Ko te huinga o te whakawhitinga - ko reira te turanga, e kua te kupu hanganga i roto i te reo Ingarihi. Ripanga whakaatu reira.

Ko te ara matua ki te whakawhānui kupu - he takenga, e kua ona mātanga me te te āhuatanga i runga i nga wahi o te kupu rānei. Ko te tukanga o te hanganga o ngā waeine wetereo hou e kore mutu me he ona ake āhuatanga motuhake i roto i ngā reo rerekē.