Ko te wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio

I roto i te whanaketanga o te tangata hou puta tonu he momo o huringa i roto i te ao pārongo, a taea etahi te huaina te revolution pono. Heoi, e kore e maha iwi ara mohio nga wāhanga taketake o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau , me te rauemi mōhiohio.

He aha ko enei takaí?

Ko te revolution tuatahi kia whakahuatia whakataki o tuhituhi, no te mea kua tukua reira iwi ki te whakaemi me te muri tohatoha riro te matauranga. Ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio mai i te reira i roto i te tuhituhi, me he reira, e te mea e taea ki te whakatutuki i tetahi e matau ana tatou i tenei ra.

puta te revolution tuarua i roto i te waenganui o te rau tau XVI me he momotuhi. I roto i te tangata, i reira ko he hiahia ki te taea ki te whakarato papatipu-wātea matauranga, a kore pupuri i tika a ratou i roto i te tahi mau ara. i hoko Literacy atu me te ake whānui tītohunga, i anga ki te taupoki ana i te tini te whanui o te iwi. Hoki, i reira ko tetahi whakaterenga nui o te tupu o te ahunga whakamua hangarau, me te pūtaiao, e te mutunga hoki arahina ki te pakaruhanga ahumahi, kua hanga ano hoki he takoha nui ki nga wāhanga o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me te rauemi mōhiohio. Pukapuka tino whiti rohe motu e te mutunga arahina ki te tīmatanga o te hanganga o te ao tangata.

revolution Tuatoru - he nui te ahunga whakamua kōrero motuhake. hanga enei wāhanga o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio, rite te ahua o te waea, reo irirangi me te waea taea reira ki te tuku hohoro etahi mōhiohio ki tetahi tawhiti, kia i timata ki te whakamahi tata nga wahi katoa.

Ko te tuawha Revolution - ko te putanga o rorohiko whaiaro me microprocessors. Ki te wahi o te wā kua hanga e torotoro waea rorohiko oti, e tino awe te pūnaha rapu me te rokiroki. Kua whakapataritari nga wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio tino rerekētanga i roto i te whanaketanga o te hapori hou, na e timata reira kia huaina ki "ngā mōhiohio".

He aha te mea te hapori mōhiohio?

Ko te hapori i roto i nei te nuinga rawa o te iwi mahi i roto i pā ana ki te rokiroki, whakaputa, tukatuka ratou mahi, me te hokona he momo o ngā mōhiohio, tae atu ki te matauranga kia rite ki te puka rawa o reira. Information tenei ra he mea o te kohi ao ko, me te hapori hou taea tetahi hinonga uru ki tetahi puna raraunga tonu. Ki te wa timata ki te puta atu me te ake paearu hou mō te aromatawai i te taumata o te whanaketanga o te hapori, pēnei i te maha o ngā hononga ki te Internet, rorohiko, whakaritea me waea pūkoro, me te tokomaha noa atu.

Pehea e rere ke i te reira?

E tano ia tapao i te torutoru rerekētanga taketake e riro te hapori mōhiohio i muri i haere nga wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio:

• tino nui haere te tūranga o te matauranga me hangarau e tika ana i roto i te ora;
• ake i roto i te maha o te iwi nei mahi e pā ana tika ki te hangarau mōhiohio, kōrero, me ngā ratonga e pā ana ahumahi me hua, me te whakanui ake ratou wahi i roto i te hua motu matotoru o whenua whakawhanakehia;
• faarahi te pera-ka karanga informatization o te hapori e tika ana ki te meka e tīmata ake me te ake rorohiko ki whakamahia whānui, waea, me te pāpāho hiko, me te tuku iho;
• i reira ko te ao wāhi ngā mōhiohio, i roto i nei whakarite te wātea o te wāhi ki ngā rauemi rerekē, i reira ko kōrero whai hua, a tino makona nga hiahia o te hapori hou i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ratonga me ngā hua;
• āta hurihuri ōhanga mōhiohio, e-manapori, me te te mākete mamati, te whatunga ōhanga me te pāpori.

I whakawhanakehia te ariā o "hapori kōrero" i roto i te 80. He te revolution torotoro waea ona takenga mai i roto i te waenganui-70 me āta hanumi ki te rorohiko, e, i roto i te meka, nui mua tīmata me te puta hoki i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga.

Kia pehea te ko te revolution rorohiko?

He Whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio i roto i te mara o te hangarau rorohiko ona takenga hoki i roto i te 30 o o rau whakamutunga, ka huaina tenei wā ko te "kore huringa". Ko tōna timatanga ko ki te whakawhanake i te rorohiko hiko tuatahi, i roto i nei timata hei utu o nga wahi paerewa mīhini ki te whakamahi i korere irahiko motuhake.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua - te hanga o te rorohiko whaiaro tuatahi, e kua whakamahia hei wāhanga o iahiko integrated, me te ratou hanga atu.

Ko te revolution torotoro waea

E mea uaua ki te mea te mea i hanga te wāhanga o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio te pānga tino nui, engari homai he wahi motuhake te ki te revolution torotoro waea, i puta i muri i te putanga o te pee'utari me hangarau muka-whatu.

Symbiosis o rorohiko me ngā hangarau torotoro waea kua hanga e i runga i te mākete he maha o ngā ratonga hou, me ngā hua, me te i ēnei rā e ratou tetahi o nga rāngai matua matua i roto i öhanga tino whakawhanakehia. He tokomaha whakaaro reira e tika ana ki te kawe tonu ngā taonga kiritaki, a hei utu tango i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā hua ngā mōhiohio i runga i te hoko, me te i roaa taonga motu.

Ki te rā, he nui teitei rite whakaritea ki taonga kiritaki te utu o te hangarau mōhiohio, kia e kua tutuki nga whenua whakawhanakehia he taua paerewa teitei o te ora. E rave rahi o te tenei ra e kore e ite e te tohu o te kaiārahi tōrangapū i roto i te ao nei i teie mahana, ko te nuinga o ti'aturi i runga i te mea i te wāhanga matua o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio haere te State me pehea kaha whakamahia e te reira hangarau motuhake.

I hoatu e te uniana o te hangarau?

Nā ki te meka i hanumi i te torotoro waea me te rorohiko revolution ki ia atu, ka anga ratou ki te hanga i te whatunga o hanganga nui, tae atu rite ao. Ki enei whatunga mōhiohio whakarato nui tere rapu, tuku me te tukatuka o raraunga e hāngai ana katoa.

I raro i te rauemi mōhiohio i roto i tenei take whakarato ngā mōhiohio tuhia nei i runga i te rauemi kawe motuhake, me te muri penapena i roto i ngā pūnaha motuhake, pērā i ngā tahataha rerekē, moni, pūranga, me whare pukapuka. Ko te rangatira o te rauemi pārongo ko kotahi tangata he rōpū motuhake o takitahi, kamupene, rohe, pa, whenua ranei ara te ao katoa ranei. Tenei rauemi Ko te hua o nga mahi o te wahi tino tohu o te hapori hou.

He aha te mea te rerekētanga?

reira he kotahi rerekētanga taimaha i waenganui i ngā mōhiohio me te tahi atu rauemi - ngaro rauemi katoa rawa i muri i te whakamahi, i te mea kei reira here i te maha, me te mure ore o te mau tau, ranei, ki te tika, te tārua ki waho taea te tono i tetahi here. Ano, e taea te nui haere aua rauemi, no te mea te whakamahi i raraunga uaua he katoa hāngū i roto i te taiao, me te i roto i te nuinga rawa o ngā take arata'i ki ētahi atu mōhiohio.

He aha e ratou?

Ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio i roto i te aamu o te momo e rua momo o puna raraunga - tūmatanui, me te tūmataiti. Tei runga i te raraunga uru kāwai ano i te wa ano e wehea ki tuwhera, me te whāiti. I roto i te tahuri, kua wehea te kāwai muri ki te mōhiohio ki ngaro kāwanatanga me te mōhiohio matatapu noa.

He aha arahina ki te whanaketanga?

E rave rahi o te tenei ra kahore e mohio ko te aha i reira he wāhanga i roto i te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me te rauemi mōhiohio. ta History e kua i te whakamāramatanga o te tenenga o pūtaiao he mana tino kaha i runga i tona whakapai ake me te whanaketanga o te te ƒcivilisation≈ ao. I roto i ngā, pā ana te reira ki te whanaketanga o te wira, te pūkaha mamaoa, te whakatuwheratanga o te hiko, pūngao karihi, me te tonu te tokomaha noa atu. Tukanga o tino rerekētanga i roto i te āhua o te hanga, i te hua i roto i etahi āhuatanga i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao, ka karanga te revolution pūtaiao, me te hangarau.

wāhanga

I muri i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau whakamutunga i reira ko tetahi engineering rorohiko, kua riro te reira i te take tino nui i roto i tenei revolution. Ko te kupu, e nehenehe tatou e mōhio e toru ngā wāhanga matua:

• Creation o te rorohiko tuatahi i roto i 1945. Tata hoki 30 nga tau, kua whakamahia rorohiko maha iti rawa o te iwi, a waiwai taea te ratou kitea anake i roto i te hanga, me te pūtaiao.
• Ko te haerenga mai o rorohiko whaiaro i roto i te 70. Kua riro PC rawa, rawa whānui e whakamahia ana e kore anake i roto i te mara ahumahi, me te pūtaiao, engari ano hoki i roto i te mahi, te mātauranga, me te ora rā. Ko te kupu, i runga i te wā, kua riro rorohiko i te kaupapa o te ora ia rā pērā i te taputapu paerewa whare pērā i huinga pouaka whakaata ranei rīpene tuhi.
• Ko te taeraa mai o te Internet - he whatunga rorohiko ao. I muri i te ahua o te "tukutuku whānui ao" rorohiko, whakanohoia nei ki runga ki te tēpu iti mō te tangata ia riro te matapihi ki te ao nui o ngā mōhiohio. Ki tenei wā timata ki te puta taua ariā rite "cyberspace" ranei "ao wāhi ngā mōhiohio." Ko reira te iwi i muri i te taeraa mai o te Ipurangi taea timata ki te whakaaro e pā ana ki te meka i kawea mai te aamu o te ao kua tatou ki te wā o "hapori mōhiohio-hāngai."

He tokomaha e mea e reira he wāhanga e wha o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio, engari pā te reira i roto i te tohu nui ki te hanganga o te rorohiko hou.

Ka rite ki te hangarau rorohiko, kua tipu?

Ko te rorohiko Ko te taputapu matua o te whakarorohikotanga. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, i reira e 4 ngā wāhanga o te whanaketanga o taputapu hangarau, me ngā rauemi mōhiohio, e pā ana hāngai ki rorohiko:

• Manual. hāngai ana tēnei wāhanga i runga i te whakamahi o te maihao, me te waewae. tiaki Pūkete te whakamahi i te whakaneke o ngā kaupapa me ngā rōpū kei te tatau i runga i te mua takatātai - te whanaketanga o te pūrere tatau onamata. Ka rite ki te faaauraa, e taea tenei taputapu hua i roto i ngä tatau, e kua whakamahia e te tahi mau taata i teie mahana.
• Rorohiko, me ngā pūrere. Kua puta taua whakaaro e tika ana ki te whanaketanga nui o rehe i roto i te rau tau XVII, i puta rite ki te hua o te tikanga tātai aunoa. Ko te kupu, i reira ko he mīhini tāpiri aunoa, whakaaro Pascal te aofangatuku mīhini tatau waru-tauira, i Leibniz i hanga te mīhini tuatahi tāpiri pera-ka karanga ki nei ka taea e koe te mahi i te katoa ngā mahi e whā i roto i te tauhanga.
• Electromechanical. Ko te iti rawa te roa tenei taahiraa rite roa te reira mo te 60 nga tau, timata mai i te putanga o nga mihini tuatahi electromechanical a whakamutu ki te hanganga o te complexes te tātai i-tātari tuatahi kei roto i roto i tona hanganga, he kōmaka mīhini, tabulator me tokua ā-. I roto i ngā, kua te hua whakamutunga, kua whakamahia hoki te tukatuka o hua tatauranga i roto i nga whenua ngā, tae atu Russia.
• Electronic. Kei te whai pānga te reira ki te haerenga mai o te rorohiko hiko, ka karanga ENIAC i 1945. I roto i te aamu o te whanaketanga atu o te rorohiko faaoti ki te tohatoha e rave rahi whakatupuranga, ia o nei he ona ake ngā āhuatanga ahurei me ngā āhuatanga.

Ko te kupu, hanga nga taahiraa kotahi ona ake takoha ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau mōhiohio hou, me te hanganga o te hapori e matau ana tatou i tenei ra.