Ko te whakaoranga o Budapest i hōia Soviet

I roto i te Maehe 1944, tae ngā hōia o te 2 Ukrainian Front te rohe o te Soviet Union ko Romania. Fatata e toru nga tau, aroraa he whawhai toto ki te whakaeke Nasí i roto i to ratou rohe i te iwi Soviet. Na ko reira noa i te whiu parauri rohe Pākehā katoa horo Nasí. Otiia tae noa ki te wikitoria whakamutunga i tonu neke atu i te tau.

i roto i te Mahuru 1944 anake whakahaere te ope Soviet ki te hopu Bulgaria ko Romania me ki te haere tonu ki te rohe ki a Hungary me Czechoslovakia. Whawhai i roto i Hungary taa ê mahi maka, motuhake, me te parekura nui. I roto i te whānui, tangohia te mahi ki te tukua e te whenua, kua neke atu i te ono marama. Hei mahino te take o enei ngā, tirohia ki te hītori o te tomokanga o Hungary ki te whawhai. kōrero hoki tatou e pā ana ki te pehea i te whakaoranga o Budapest i hōia Soviet (poto e pā ana ki tenei i roto i te tuhinga).

Ko te urunga o Hungary ki te whawhai ki te Soviet Union

meinga Hua o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao whakaahunga o te iwi Hungarian. Wai kua ngaro te nui nui o ratou rohe o te whenua ka koingo ki te kawe hoki ratou. Ko tenei te mea ko te take matua i arahina te kāwanatanga o Miklós Horthy ki te ringa o Germany. E ngana ana ki te haina i te tautoko o Hitler i roto i to ratou kereme i runga i te Yugoslav me nga whenua Czech, ua faaite Hungary tona withdrawal i te League o Nations ka piri te Takitoru Pact.

De märena, tomo te whenua Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i April 1941, hoko i te mema o te whakaeke a Hitler i runga i Yugoslavia. Ko te whawhai ki te Soviet Union timata ki Hungary i 27 Pipiri 1941. I te katoa, ka tonoa ratou ki mua rawhiti o te maha rau mano hoia, mate te nuinga o ratou ranei i riro herehere i Stalingrad. Me kï reira e nga ngā nanakia wahi o te 2 Army Hungarian i te Soviet Union, whakangaro i te hoia e kore anake, engari ano hoki civilians.

Na roto i te 1944 ka reira mārama e te hinga o Germany - he mea anake o te wā. I roto i taua mau huru, tīmata te kāwanatanga Horthy rapu mō te ara i roto i o te whawhai. He kua whiriwhiringa ki Peretānia me te United States, e kore nei i haere hia e Hitler. Führer, wehi kopeka, ka ahau ki Hungary o nga hoia Tiamana, me te hanga o te kāwanatanga pro-German te whenua o. Tuhinga o whika rongonui i roto i te karanga mo te mutunga o ona hoa whanaunga ki Germany.

Otiia e kore e nui atu i enei mahi katoa a awhinatia ana e ia. mauähara te āhuatanga i roto i August 1944, ka mutu Romania ki te tautoko i Germany, a whakaae nga ngā o te Soviet Union, ka mahi i runga i te taha o te whakakotahi anti-Hitler. hanga Horthy whakamātau pau ki te whiriwhiri ki te Kāwanatanga Soviet i te mutunga o nga pakanga tahi. Otiia kihai i enei mahere kua mohio.

I tukua Hitler me tona kāwanatanga karetao raro i te ārahitanga o Szálasi wehi tūturu i roto i Hungary. Kua mutu te whenua ngā mahi, ngä mātauranga katoa a i whakapuakina te roopu katoa. whakaaturia Hungary he iwi pai i roto i te rohe Tanupi katoa. anō te reira i te whakahekenga o nga Hurai ki puni mate Nasí.

Ko te timatanga o ngā mahi hōia o te Army Whero i Hungary

Faahaereraa wae o te Army Whero i te rohe o Hungary raruraru e ātete e mura i te rōpū Hungarian me Tiamana. Tonu, kua mahi ngā tautini whakatö me anti-Soviet whakatö tona mahi. i rite ki te tautoko engari e kore e ki te tomo ki roto ki te haumi ki Russia a Hungali te nuinga noa reactionary Szálasi.

Pono, tetahi o nga rangatira hōia runga o Hungary i reira ko te hunga e whiriwhiria e ki takoto iho ratou ringa, me te aukati i te toto. Na, i roto i te Oketopa tuku ia B. Miklós rangatira o te 1 Army Hungarian ka huaina i runga i te reo irirangi i te hoia ki te whai i tona tauira. whakatakotoria hoki Neke atu i te 10 mano. ana kaiwhakahaere iho ratou ringa. Taua mahi i tuhia i roto i te tahi mau wae o te 2 me te 3 o te ope Hungarian. Otiia ko te reira i te maturuturunga iho i roto i te moana.

I whakaritea te misioni matua o hinga rōpū hoariri Carpathian- Transylvanian ki nga hoia o te mua Ukrainian 2 i raro i Marshal Malinovsky me 4 Mua Iukereiniana raro i te whakahau a General Petrov. Tono i runga i te mahere a ratou ki te hopu i te whitinga i roto i nga Carpathians Eastern, hinga ratou, ka ki te whakawhanake i te ino i roto i te rohe o te awa Tisza.

Directions whiu taketake i ki kia whakaritea e rave rahi taime. Ko tenei no te mea kihai i taea e nga ope o te 2 Ukrainian Front whakahaere ki te kawe i roto i te tikanga o GHQ. Tatatia nga counterattacks hoariri nui. Ko, ahakoa te āhuatanga hōia uaua, te ope Malinowski i roto i nga mea katoa i tika ki te hinga i te maunga o Transylvania ka whiwhi ki Debrecen. rahua tenei mahi ki te whakatutuki i te ope Tiamana takatakaii i roto i te Carpathians.

I whakaritea te ino hou mō te 6 o Oketopa. Haunga nga hōia Soviet, i tae i te 22 wehenga Romanian. Ko te ope o te ope hoariri tawhiti pai Kirimina 2. Ko te raruraru i ki te whānuitanga nui te rārangi mua (800 km) me logistics rawakore. A ki te kupu i ngaro i te reira na roto i te whati Tiamana rerewē me rori puta noa i Romania.

Ngā manaakitanga i roto i te whawhai i runga i te taha o nga hoia Soviet. Tiamana e kore noa i ite i te faufaa o te tirohia ki Debrecen, te tutonu i te ope matua i runga i nga waho o Budapest. Afterthought, hohoro timata ratou ki te maka i raro i te wehenga mīhini Debrecen rima. Otiia ko reira te mutunga rawa.

Oketopa 6 timata te mua tere o nga hoia Soviet. whakamātau katoa i nga kau Nasí ki te mutu to ratou mua rahua. kihai i tauturu te reira i tetahi huarahi keri, kahore airstrikes. I roto i te ra kotahi, i whakanuia te Army Whero 50 km, meinga nui kino ki kaimahi me te taputapu o te hoariri.

E nuku 10 wehenga Soviet i hanga te poro 100-kiromita ki parepare o te hoariri. A i runga i Oketopa 20, whakahaere Debrecen ki te hopu hopea. Ko te paetae nui i roto i te akoranga o te ino, i homai e ko Debrecen te kaha nui o nga kau Nasí me te pa tuarua nui i roto i Hungary.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te mahi Debrecen

Aue, tango Debrecen rawa i roto o te kēmu i taka te ope Hungarian. te pa o Nyíregyháza te whakataunga nui i muri i. īnaki City te whai wāhi tino watea ki te whiti te awa Tisza. Ko te whakahau o te "Tonga" o te ope i tiaki o tenei rängai o te mua, i nga mea katoa ki te pupuri i te pa, i te wa ano e ngana ana ki te toe mana o Debrecen. Mai i 22 ki te 27 Oketopa whawhai taimaha i roto i te rohe o Nyíregyháza. Ka rite ki te hua, ka riro te pa. Otiia i te aha te utu!

Kua ngaro tata 10 mano rangatira me katipa, a pā ana ki 17 mano noa, rau o patu, 250 tāke me ētahi atu Powers hoariri, kua kino tika rawa kua meatia .... - te whai wāhi matua o whawhai - mīhini corps kaieke hoiho o General Pileva Ko te mea matua - Kua oti Battle o Debrecen ki Oketopa 28, me te tuatoru o te rohe o Hungary, ko i te ringa o te ope Soviet. ka mau te ino 23 ra, ka whakaaetia ki te neke ki te whenua ki runga ki te 275 km. Otiia karapotia Tiamana, me te rahua wae Hungarian. rere ratou, tango i te rārangi korero hou, ia o nei, ki o ratou nama, puritia he nui te riri i runga i te mau parau tumu katoa o ngā pūkenga hōia rauhanga.

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te mahi o te Budapest

Te ino Soviet i runga i Budapest me te hopu muri o te pa - tetahi o te tino nui-tauine, me te matatini ngā mahi o te whawhai. mua hōrapa hāngai (420 km) whakahau ope nui: te 2 Ukrainian mua, 3 Ukrainian Front (rangatira - Marshal Tolbukhin), ope Romanian 1 me te 4, me te Tanupi kahupapa. длилось более трех месяцев. Ko te whakaoranga o Budapest i te kau Nasí neke atu i te toru marama roa.

I Oketopa 29 i kitea te taha Soviet o te painga i roto i ngā tau o hoia me patu. Ko Ko te aha te Headquarters General unu kanapa ino opuaraa uira i runga i Budapest. kihai i Malinowski hoatu noa e rima nga ra tonoa mo te faaineineraa o te wae ope.

началось 29 октября силами частей 46-й армии (2-й УФ). Ko te whakaoranga o Budapest i hōia Soviet timata nuku 29 ope wahi o te 46 Army (2 UV). I te tīmatanga o nga ra kua tipu reira tino pai. whati wahi tūpato hoki o te ope Hungarian e noho tōroherohe ana ki Budapest. Whiringa-5 ki te waho karo Budapest ārai kore ake atu i te 15 km. замедлилось. Na ka pakanga te whakaoranga o Budapest i te kau Nasí. He wāhi tikanga rangi rawakore, me te supply iti. Plus i te tari matua, i whakaritea e te reira ki anō i te hōia, kia rite kore ki te aituä i te ope o te 2 me te 4 mīhini Corps, e tuatahi hanga ratou ara ki te whakapaipai Hungarian.

whakatakotoria rua whare i roto i te 7 tiaki Ope, i whawhai i runga i te taha ki te hauauru o te awa. Yews, whakawhänui bridgehead. Kua e Whiringa 4 whakahaere ratou ki te hopu tika e toru whakataunga: Szolnok, Abony ko Cegléd. Ko te momeniti uaua tino o te ino, ko te whakawhitinga o te Tisza. Waipuke kua tino nui haere te taumata wai i roto i te awa. te tikanga o Crossing ki hanga whakangaromia e te ahi hoariri. Ki te whakahaere etahi rōpū ki te whiti, ratou tonu nga Tiamana counter-whakaekea i te hope, e ngana ana ki te hatepea atu te whakawhitinga, a tuki.

Ko te whakaeke tuarua i runga i Budapest

Ko te whakaeke tuarua i runga i te pa timata i runga i 11 Noema. I tenei wāhi, te rōpū Tiamana-Hungarian i te pae ngā o te mana tika, a te 2 o te Code Kirimina kua tukua parekura nui. Otiia ara i roto i te iti tenei āhuatanga tonu i runga i te taha o ngā hōia Soviet.

I muri i te puhipuhinga puhipuhi poto whakarewahia hōia o te 7 tiaki Corps he ino i roto i te ahunga o Jaszbereny me Hatvan. hanga Te Tai Rāwhiti corps mīhini kaieke hoiho o General Pileva me 23 o Armoured Brigade, me te 4, me te 6 tiaki Cavalry Corps. e hopukia ratou i te pa Dendesh.

tauine-tonu ino ko ārai heeraa, hanganga understaffing, whakakorenga o te kore o te maha nui o rangatira, me te kore o te kōrero waea. wae Tiamana-Hungarian i tino kino. hapa ratou wae whenua. Ko te nui haere mahi o te waka rererangi Tiamana. Otiia ara i roto i nga whakawhetai rangi ki te 5 Army Air i te painga i runga i te UV 2.

Whiringa riro 25 hōia Soviet te pa Hatvan - ko reira te angitu whakamutunga o te whakaekenga tuarua i runga i Budapest. Ko te whakapaipai o Hungary i roto i te porowhita. Ko mo te taunga whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana ngā hōia Soviet wa ki te faaineine.

Hopu o Budapest

whakarewahia te ino hou i te ata o Hakihea 20 ope motuhake o te mua Ukrainian 3. i ratou ki te hanga i to ratou ara ki te Tanupi hauauru o Esztergom. e tukua tenei te maka whakaoti te encirclement o ngā hōia hoariri i roto i te rohe Budapest.

Tere te ahunga whakamua i raruraru e whenua uaua: he tokomaha nui o pukepuke, me te kore e puke whakaaetia ki te parepare wae tōtika mīhini. Na nga kau Nasí pukepuke whakamahia rite ngā tohutoro.

Hakihea 22 te 6 Panzer Army (2 UV) me ngā wāhanga o te 3 Ukrainian Front whakahaere ki te whakakotahi a tawhio noa te mangai o te awa o Hron. Na roto i te mutunga o Hakihea 27 i taea ki te karapoti i te wahi Hungarian-Tiamana katoa o te-uru raki o Budapest ratou. Ko te katoa maha o ratou 188,000 (10 wehewehenga me te maha o ngā wāhanga motuhake).

Na ko reira tika ki te tukua e Budapest. Otiia ko reira tino uaua. Kua te wahi ki te hauauru o te pa, kua puta ke ki te kaha taiepa. Plus, i kawea mai i runga i whakahau a Hitler ki Budapest i Germany i ope atu. whakakapi ano e ia te rangatira ope o te "South", whakaritea ki te tūranga O. Weller hei utu o I. Friessner.

Hakihea 29 te taha Soviet, i whakaritea e te reira ki te unga karere ki te tono o te tukunga: Group Captain Ostapenko - ki Buda, he rōpū o Kāpene Steinmetz - i roto i Pest. kihai i whakaae te tono, me te karere patua. ka anga te reira i te whakakorenga o ope hoariri.

Mai i 2 ki January 26, ki te whakahau German e rave rahi nganatanga maka te hōia Soviet me ki te haukoti i-whakaeke. I tenei wāhi, e tata ana Budapest, i hāngai te nuinga o wehenga Armoured me fakamīsiní Tiamana katoa. Ko ki Malinowski me ngā waeine mīhini Tolbukhina taea whakaata whakaeke hoariri katoa.

Fighting i roto i te pa

Hoki ngā mahi whawhai i roto i Budapest Budapest whakarōpūtanga o ngā hōia i raro i te whakahau a M. Afonin i faanahonahohia (rite o Hānuere 22 - I. M. Managarova). Tuhinga reira o wha raiwhara corps, 83rd Marine Brigade, wahi o te 5 o Air Army, te pū, me te 7 whare Romanian 183 Tank Brigade.

Ko te whakaoranga o Budapest i tata, engari i tenei hui kua ki te whakaheke i te rota o te toto. E Hānuere 18 nga hōia Soviet ki te tautoko o te Romanians wahia i roto i ki te rohe rawhiti o Pest, a ka mau te wahi maui-pareparenga o te pa, ahakoa whawhai nga Tiamana tino mate hoki tata katoa whare. i whawhai whawhai me i raro whenua - i roto i te rārangi paipa o kōrero. Te Pest i roto i te taiao ko kotahi rau hoia mano o Tiamana. Otiia whakahaere wahi o te hoariri ki te wahi i roto o te whakakai. Puhia ake e rave rahi piriti puta noa te Tanupi, i taea ki te tango i whakawhirinaki i roto i Buda ratou.

I runga i te pareparenga matau o te hopu tangohia e te reira tata tetahi wha wiki. Ahakoa tuatahi whakaritea Marshal Tolbukhin ki tenei mahi, ko te kore neke atu i te ra. I matou ki te kawe i tana ake kapa huaki iti. Aviation, i whakaritea e te reira e kore e ki te tono, kia kaua ia e whakangaromia te wahi hītori o te pa. Hoki te take taua, ko reira tino iti te whakamahi o te pū.

ka mau i roto i te whawhai no te mea ka waiho e ahau hei torutoru mano hoia Hungarian wahi, noa tukua herehere, me te pai ki te mahi ki ngā waeine o te Army Whero. February 13 i muri i te nganatanga pau ki te wahi i nga toenga o te hoia Tiamana i raro i te whakahau a Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch te haki ma, me te tuku. Ko te rā o te whakaoranga o Budapest - February 13, 1945

I Moscow i nga whakahau o te Commander Hupirimi oha nga tangata - ngana nga toa o nga akina e rua ki te whakakore i te rōpū o 500 - 600 te iwi mawhiti i te Tiamana, me te a Hungali i Budapest. Ko te mahi matua, ko te ki te whakangaro i whakaritea ratou ki te 46 UV Army 3.

I roto i te katoa, i roto i te mahi mo te whakaoranga o Budapest (kati - 02.13.1945) i ngaro hoia e pā ana ki 50 mano hoariri, me te 138 mano riro ...

Medal "hoki te Capture o Budapest"

I roto i te Aperira 1945 (te tau o te whakaoranga i ngā hōia Soviet i Budapest), ka ko reira kitea ki te katoa e te hinga whakamutunga o Germany - ko reira he wa poto, ua faaue te rangatira o te General Logistics Khrulev te rōpū o toi ki te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa o ngā mētara mo te tuku me te hopu i nga pa Pākehā rautaki nui. I muri i te arotake taipitopito o huahua whakaarohia katoa i te Presidium o te Kaunihera Hupirimi USSR Pipiri 9, 1945 hainatia e ia he tikanga i runga i te whakatū o te mētara "hoki te Capture o Budapest". Whakawhiwhia ana ngā kaiuru tika katoa i roto i te huaki, ka mau wahi i roto i te whawhai o te whakapaipai Hungarian i te 20 Hakihea 1944 ki te 15 Hui-tanguru 1945. I roto i te katoa, i te rārangi o te mētara whakawhiwhia mo te whakaoranga o Budapest Kei neke atu i 360 mano. Tangata. Ki te i whakawhiwhia murimatetia he hoia te mētara tahi me tona tiwhikete tohu i ki haere te muri o te whanaunga rite te haamana'oraa.

kia mētara mo te whakaoranga o Budapest (whakaahua i koe te whai wāhi ki te kite i roto i te tuhinga) kia eke i runga i te taha ki maui o te pouaka. Ko te reira i te tuatahi i roto i te raupapa, me i te aroaro o te mētara "hoki te Victory mo Japan" - te tuarua.

Kei te whakatapua te moni ki te huritau 50 o Victory i War Great Patriotic

February 14, 1995 mo te huritau 50 o te wikitoria moni 3 moni tukua i roto i te nui Patriotic War.

• Avers: i te tihi me te awhi i tuhituhia hāhi me te tau o tuku, i te raro - BANK o mua. I roto i te waenganui (i roto i te awhi iraira) - te whakapakoko o te Spasskaya Tower o te Moscow Kremlin, te roto o te awhi - Monogram Mint MMD.

• Reverse: Whakaatu ana te reira e wha hoia Soviet (whawhai ki te whakamārama o te urupa hoahoanga o Budapest). Inscriptions haere te awhi: "Ko te whakaoranga o Europe i fascism," "Budapest 13.02.1945, te" (Runga, me te raro, aua).

tokoni Whero Army o roto i te āhua Hungarian whakaora

I runga i te whakaora o te mīhini kāwanatanga Hungarian, ka anga te kaiārahi Soviet ki te whakaaro pai i te aroaro o te mutunga o te mahi Budapest. Ko te mahi matua hoki a ia i te hoahoa o ngā rōpū pro-Soviet. Ko te pūtake o ratou ko ki te waiho i te kimi huarahi anti-Fascist rohe, a hoki ana i ngā mema whakarau o te Hungarian Communist Party.

I te Hakihea 2, i hanga te whenua i te Hungarian National Independence mua. muri whakaratohia ona komiti motu tautoko nui mo te katoa whakakorenga o ope Fascist i te rohe o Hungary. Ko ratou te hunga kawea atu te faaho'iraa mai o te whakahaere ngaro o te ōhanga Hungarian. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o Hakihea timata tona mahi te Takitaro National Assembly me te National Kāwanatanga Takitaro.

Ki enei pokapū kāwanatanga taea humarie whakahaere, i whakaakona te Kaunihera Military o te UV 2 ki te whakarato a ratou ki te kai, wahie, tiaki te whare.

Hakihea 28, 1944 Kua whakaritea e te GNP ki haere atu i te whakakotahitanga Fascist, me te korero ana whawhai i runga i Germany. hainatia Hungary he kāti whawhai, ki te Soviet Union kore anake, engari ano hoki ki a Britain nui me te United States. I te wa o te rangaawatea i roto i te whenua ngāue Mana Komihana Allied, i tēra i ki te arahi i te Voroshilov.

I muri āhuatanga te hopu o Budapest supply kai o te taupori rohe i whakaritea ki te whakahau Soviet. whakawhiti noho i neke atu i te 5 taranata o witi, me te 100 taranata o pata. He kuao hoia Soviet Hungarian whangai noa i kohua mara.

Hua whakaoranga o Budapest

I roto i te mahi, wahi o te Budapest Army Group "South" kino tūnguru nui i meatia. ngaro ia 56 wehewehenga me Pirikēti. ngaro Germany te hoa whakamutunga, me te hinu Hungarian. Ko te whakawhiti o 37 wehenga Wehrmacht i te mua rawhiti i roto i Hungary me ratou whakangaromanga muri whakaturia te atamira mo te mua ake tere o ngā hōia Soviet ki te hauauru. tukua Budapest Hopu te Army Whero a tae noa piri tae te parirau tonga o te ope hoariri, a ka whakahaere i te whakaeke atu ki runga ki te Vienna me Prague.

Ko tōna whanaketanga ko te rautaki me tātai o whawhai ope Soviet. Budapest mahi whakahau whakakitea hapa i roto i te whakahaere o taua pakanga.

Ko te kino matua ko te mate koha o te ora tangata. mohio te rite te toto tino o ngā mahi hōia Pākehā katoa - Operation o te whakaoranga o Budapest i te kau Nasí (February 13, 1945 te rā kati). haere te wikitoria ki te utu o neke atu i te 80 mano oraraa o hoia. Whara neke atu i 240 mano.