Konstantin Makovsky: te ora me te mahi o te toi. Konstantin Makovsky: pikitia pai, biography

Haurongo o artist Makovskogo Konstantina tenei ra pouri e tona teina tairanga Vladimir - mohiotia māngai o te Wanderers. Heoi, i mahue Constantine kua tona tohu i roto i te toi o te he, kaipeita nui motuhake.

Makovsky whānau

Kei te mohiotia te pai Ingoa Makovsky i te toi Russian. Ko te papa Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky ko he toi rongonui i roto i Moscow, he kaipeita runaruna. faanahonaho e ia he "kura tauine-tonu 'mō toi nei e riro mohiotia rite te kura Moscow o Painting.

e kore te mea maere wairua auaha kua te whānau kingi tonu e katoa tamariki e toru Yegor Ivanovich ka kaipeita. pinepine tae mai hoa o tona papa te whare - kaipeita Karl Bryullov ko Vasily Tropinin, te whakatau konei e taea e me te kaituhi Gogol, kaiwhakaari Shchepkin, Glinka kaitito. Ko te whānau kei te whakaritea tonu ahiahi tuhituhi, me te waiata, kōrero taupatupatu e pā ana ki i toi. awe tenei katoa te hanganga o ngā tamariki. ka mea Pakeke Konstantin Makovsky e tona angitu i roto i te peita, kua takoto hoki te anake ki tona papa, ko wai i kaha ki te noho i roto i tona aroha ineradicable o toi.

- Vladimir te Constantin tama matamua, tamahine a Alexander me te teina: e toru tamariki i te whānau. Taonga i roto i te utuafare i haehaa, engari kingi te wairua o te toi tino utua mo nga palõpalema katoa.

tamarikitanga o Constantine

Mai tamarikitanga, rumakina Konstantin Makovsky i roto i toi, i roto i te meka, kihai ia i mohio ki tetahi atu ora, a ka i faataahia ia ki te whiriwhiri i te ara o te toi. nga tamariki katoa i roto i te utuafare te atatu rawa timata ki te utu.

Kostya, rite te tamaiti tuatahi o te whānau, ka anga na roto i te mea e he tata ki tona papa, me ana hoa ia, ka kōrero ratou nga peita me ratou mahere, waituhi, me te whakakitea peita. i hanga tenei katoa i nga whakaaro rerehua me ngā ngākau nuitanga o te tamaiti.

Te rapu mahi

I roto i te 1851, tomo Konstantin Makovsky kura o te papa o te peita, whakairo me te hoahoanga. ko ana kaitautoko i reira - V. Tropinin, M. Scott, S. Zaryanko, A Mokritsky. Here, i roto i nga tau e whitu o te tamaiti i hanga artist ki tona ake, tirohanga taketake o te ao, a whakaakona ia nga taketake o te toi whakaahua.

I roto i te kura ko ia kua riro te ākonga tuatahi tohu taea katoa. I roto i te 1858 tomo Konstantin te Academy o Toi i roto i te St Petersburg - te faanahoraa pai mātauranga i roto i te mara o te toi i roto i te Russian Empire. I roto i ona akoranga, faaite ia wā tona mahi i te whakaaturanga ā-tau o te Academy, a tae noa riro he mētara koura mo tona mahi "te māngai o te tangata tinihanga, Dmitri patua te tama Borisa Godunova."

I roto i te 1862 tīmata rapu Makovsky mo te ara i roto i te toi, ka rite ki academicism reira whakaaro hōhā, me te tawhito.

Way ki toi

Konstantin Makovsky (pikitia, e te aroaro haurongo o te kaitoi i roto i tenei tuhinga) Kei te rapu hoki tona kāhua, e hiahia ana ia ki te whakapuaki i tona ao i roto. I te tau 1863 ia, me ki ma toru atu toi tīpakohia ki whai wāhi i roto i te whakataetae mo te Grand Gold Medal o te Academy o Toi, kahore ki te peita i runga i, utverzhdennnuyu pükenga.

I ia ki te waiho kura, ko Makovsky me kore i taea te tiki i te tītohu o te mātauranga. ka mohiotia tenei hui rite te "maunu o ma wha". Ko te porotēhi ko te meka e hiahia nga toi te haere noa ki te tuhituhi me te mahi i runga i te kaupapa noa, engari kihai i te Academy e hiahia ana ki te haere atu ki te whakatau ia ratou. I roto i te meka, ko reira he tutu ki nga mekameka o te academicism me ko te tohu o te kura hou puta o talena, i roto i nei e tākaro Konstantin Makovsky he wāhi nui.

I roto i te 1863, hono te artist te rōpū I. Archaeology me mahi i roto i te momo puta o peita momo. I te tau 1870 ka Makovsky tetahi o nga tīmata me inspirers wä o te hanga i te Association o toi haere me te rota o te mahi, whakaahua scenes o te ora rā.

Kua faaite ia mahi e rua i runga i ngā whakaaturanga mātauranga, me i ropu ki te Wanderers. I roto i 80-doma e hoko Makovsky rawa rongonui whakaahua kaituhi Salon me peita i runga i ngā kaupapa o mua. I roto i te 1889 riro ia i te mētara koura i te whakaaturanga toi i roto i Paris mo te raupapa o mahi.

brushes ahanoa Makovsky nga scenes hītori, te ora o te iwi, te ora. Ia te here a taketake tuhi tika kākahu me te tautuhinga o te pūāhua. I roto i te mutunga o 80-doma te piki tahuri te toi ki ngā kaupapa hītori, tuhia e pikitia atu taipitopito, hei tauira, "Boyarsky hakari marena i roto i te rau tau XVII", i fana'o angitu nui ki te iwi whānui, me fakaangá. Ka rite ki i hanga e ratou maha whakaahua o ngā iwi.

kua pā ana ki te rau peita te kainga tupu toi o Konstantin Makovsky, he tokomaha o ratou e nui, epic roa (i tenei ra e marara ratou i roto i ngā kohinga tūmataiti, me te whare taonga katoa i runga i te ao). I tua atu, whai wāhi ia i roto i te hoahoa o te Cathedral o te Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora i Moscow.

kaikohi

Konstantin Makovsky, he inaianei te ahanoa o te aro o kohikohi nei peita, ko ia hei nui. Tenei weriweri riro ia i tona papa, e aroha te momo o ngā toi me te antiques.

I whakatakoto te whakaaro o te kohinga i te kaitoi i roto i te mau parau: ". koroheke tino" Kawea atu e ngā kaupapa hītori, kohia e ia ngā oko me oko, kākahu, me katoa i ngā ki te reka parakore o te toi.

I roto i te kaupapa kaiahuwhenua entrainment, kua haere Makovsky ki te kawanatanga Russian, hoko tūemi whare, me te kakahu. Journey ki te Te Tai Rāwhiti Tāpiri ki te kohinga o te maha nui o ngā tūemi oriental whare, kaitutei, whakapaipai me kākahu. Ka rite ki te hua, mo te 80 th tau o te fare artist ko reira atu rite te whare taonga atu i te nohoanga tangata.

Ahanoa E maha mahi kohikohinga rite te pūtake mo te hanganga o peita. Na, i roto i te "hakari marena Boyarsky i te rau tau XVII", mōhio fakaangá nga kōrero tāpiritanga meneti ki kākahu hītori me oko o te wā. Na roto i te timatanga o XX rautau. Makovsky ko tetahi o kohikohi nui o Russia, a kua arahina tona mahi te ahua mo te kohikohi nakawhiti i roto i nga bohemians me te bourgeoisie.

ko te tino whakakake o tona kohinga Konstantin Egorovich, koa whakakitea reira, a ka hoatu mea ki whakaaturanga rerekē. I muri i tona matenga, i whakaritea ai mākete, i hoatu 1100 tūemi, me te hua i ora te pouaru i runga te hawhe te miriona moni, a ka haere mea ki kohikohinga o takitahi me ngā whare taonga. Ko, kāore, huihui tapatahi kua faaoti, a haere ana mahi wā roa-Makovsky ki mongamonga.

mahi pai

Konstantin Makovsky, nga pikitia pai, biography, e kua ano ki riro te ahanoa o ako o toi, mahue he tukufakaholo nui. I roto i ana mahi tino rongonui e: "Ko te mate Ivana Groznogo", "hakari Boyar Morozova", "kaiwhakaatu Bulgarian", "Minin i te Nizhny Novgorod Fair", ". Whiriwhiri o te wahine marena hou o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich"

Ko te ora tūmataiti o te kaitoi

Konstantin Makovsky haere te rota, i ora hoki etahi wa i roto i Paris, e toru toronga ki Awherika, a hua tenei katoa tona mahi, i reira ka taea e kitea e koe i te āhuatanga o te Modernism mäharahara ana. Hoki ana hua toi i whakawhiwhia Makovsky te Rihiona o honore, o St. Anne.

e toru nga wa te artist i marenatia. ka mate tana wahine tuatahi o te mate kohi, me te tuarua i whakarerea e ia. Katoa i ia e iwa tamariki, a nei i reira he toi me kaimahi ahurea.

Mahuru 30 Kāhua New patototanga tangata 1915 pereoo - na rere tona akoranga, Konstantin Makovsky. noho te ora me te mahi o te kaitoi i roto i te hītori o te peita Russian rite te whārangi nui o hoko talena.