Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna: biography, whakaahua

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna. ingoa waia ki te katoa. Ko mahara te nuinga anake i ko ia te wahine Vladimira Ilicha Lenina. Ae, te reira parau mau. Otiia ano hoki ko te Krupskaya he kaitōrangapū tino me te kaiako o tana wā.

tamarikitanga

Ko te rā o tona whanau - February 14, 1869. no te utuafare Nadezhda Konstantinovna o ki te kāwai o rangatira rawakore. Matua Constantine Ignatievich, he āpiha o mua (rūtene), ko he kaitautoko o te ariā pāhoro-manapori, ngā whakaaro o te ngā o te ngangaretanga Polish. Otiia e kore e tino tiaki, na noho noa Krupskaya, kahore humehume toko i te ora o te utuafare. mate tona papa i roto i 1883, ka ko Hope he taiohi. State muri tana wahine, me te tamahine Konstantin Ignatievich kihai i waiho, engari ahakoa te kore o moni, tona whaea, Elizabeth V., tonu karapotia te tamahine o te aroha, te here me te tiaki.

ako Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna i te Gymnasium. Obolensky, i reira riro ia i te mātauranga whaimana i taua wa. e kore te tino iti whaea tona haere noa, whakapono e me te whiriwhiri katoa tona ara i roto i te ora. Elizabeth V. ano ko rawa karakia, engari kitenga e kore te te tamahine unu ki te karakia, kihai i whakapati ia, ka toia whakapono. whakapono Mother e te kī ki te oaoa e taea anake e te tangata e ka aroha me te pai ai ki te tiaki i tana tamahine.

tamarikitanga

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna i tona tamarikitanga, i muri i tu'ite no te haapiiraa teitei, pinepine miharo e pā ana ki te parau-tia ore e taea ana a tawhio noa. Tona arbitrariness riri o te mana kingi, whakatupu kino nga iwi noa, te mau mai ratou mate, mamae, me te mamae ki.

kitea ia hoa i roto i te porohita Marxist. I reira, i muri i te haapiiraa i te mau haapiiraa o Marx, kua matau ai e ki te ara whakaoti nga raruraru katoa o te kāwanatanga, kotahi anake - te revolution me Communism.

Haurongo Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, rite te toenga o tona ora kei te inaianei te tühonohono ki nga whakaaro o Marxism. E kua tāutuhia e ratou tona ara atu i roto i te ora.

Ua haapii te reira i te ënei whenua ki te ahiahi free kura Rātapu, haere mai te wahi kaimahi ki te tiki i te iti rawa etahi matauranga. Ko te kura tawhiti nui tua atu te Nevskaya Zastava, engari kihai i whakawehi reira he Hope pau, me te maia. Reira ia whakangungua kore anake tuhituhi kaimahi me te tātai, engari ka whakanekehia hoki Marxism, mātātoa te whai wāhi i roto i te rōpū o ngā porowhita iti ki te whakahaere kotahi. V. I. Lenin, e haere mai ki a St. Petersburg, oti te tukanga. Ko tenei e founga te "League o Struggle mo te whakaoranga o te piha haapiiraa mahi", te wahi nohoia Krupskaya te wahi pokapū.

Mohio ki V. I. Leninym

tutaki ratou i te timatanga o 1896 (February). Otiia e kore e moni tuatahi i roto i Hope Vladimir Ilyich i whakaatu. Ia, Heoi, i hanga hoa ki tetahi atu ngā, Apollinaria Yagubova. I muri e korero ana ki a ia mo te ia, ia i maia noa ki te hanga Apollinaria tono, engari i pai. a Lenin mō wahine pēnei weriweri rite ki nga whakaaro o te Revolution. Na reira, e kore he riri no o te kore. Ko ha 'Amanaki, takiwa, kua whakamoemititia atu tona pono ki whakaaro pāhoro, tona ngākau me te kounga kaiārahi. ka anga ratou ki te kōrero atu pinepine. Ko te kaupapa o ratou kōrero he whakaaro Marxist, moe o revolution me Communism. Otiia i runga i te whaiaro, me te tupu, kei te hoki ētahi wā whakahuatia ratou. Hei tauira, i mohio anake Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna whaea Vladimira Ilicha iwi. Ko te nuinga o te Lenin tawhio noa huna pakiaka Swedish-Tiamana, me te Hurai o te whaea.

Te hopu me te whakarau

hopukina Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna i roto i 1897 me te maha atu i te mau melo o te uniana. Ia-tau e toru peia i St Petersburg. I te tuatahi, i whakahekea ia ki Shushenskoye, kei roto i Siberia. Hoki i roto i taua wa ko ia i roto i te whakarau, me te V. I. Lenin.

Ua faaipoipohia raua i roto i Hōngongoi 1898. Ko te hui marena i neke atu i te tano. Hou whakawhiti mowhiti marena, hanga o te pene parahi. Ko te whānau o te tane ki te marena. kinongia ana tonu Vladimira Ilicha whanaunga tona kotahi i whiriwhiri, whakaaro e he reira maroke, mania, me te unemotional. I ke kovi ange te āhuatanga i te meka i kore taea ki te whai tamariki Lenin me Krupskaya. Otiia hoatu Nadezhda tona wairua katoa i roto i te aroha mo tana tane, hoko tona hoa, hoa, me te hoa taiva ore. Ia, me Vladimirom Ilichem tu i te takenga mai o te Communism, a i whai wāhi i roto i te whakahaere o ngā take rōpū, faaineine te ara mo te revolution.

Te riroraa i roto i te whakarau, Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna (kite whakaahua. Lower atu i roto i tona tamarikitanga) i tuhituhi tona pukapuka tuatahi. I huaina te reira "kaimahi wahine". I roto i tenei mahi î ki nga whakaaro o Marxism parau e pā ana ki nga wahine mahi, e pā ana ki te āhua o pakeke tona ora ko i teie nei, a rite ora ai, ki te ko e taea ki te turaki i te arikitanga. I roto i te take o te wikitoria o te ko ënei he wahine tatari mo whakaoranga i te tukino. Ko te kaituhi whiriwhiria he pseudonym Sablin. whakaputaina te pukapuka ki waho hetia.

hekenga

oti hono i roto i te puna o 1901. puritia whakamutunga tau reira Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna i Ufa, i mahue ki tana tane. V. I. Lenin i taua wa ko noa atu. aru Wife. Ahakoa ki waho, kihai i te rōpū mutu mahi. Kua kaha Krupskaya kua whakahau mahi, e mahi ana i roto i nga tari o te mau papai Bolshevik Hekeretari-mohiotia ( "Whakamua", "Workers")

A, no te te revolution o 1905-1907., Hoki ana te tokorua ki St. Petersburg, i reira riro Nadezhda hēkeretari o te Komiti Central Party.

Mai 1901, timata Vladimir Ilyich ki haina ratou mahi pseudonym tāngia Lenin. Ahakoa i roto i te aamu o tona īngoa, pera i roto i te katoa o te ora, i te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i te wahine - Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna. i mohiotia kua i taua wa i roto i te porowhita kāwanatanga - te ingoa tūturu o te "rangatira" - Ulyanov. A, i te ia ki te haere ki waho, ka, no te mea o tona tū tōrangapū, i reira nga āwangawanga tika tënei e pā ana ki te issuance o te uruwhenua me waiho te whenua. I kitea te tukua i te āhuatanga ohorere. pahono hoa Old Krupskoy Olga Nikolaevna Lenin ki te tono mo te awhina. Kei te peia ia e te whakaaro pāpori-manapori, ka mau puku te uruwhenua i tona papa Nikolaya Egorovicha Lenina i āwhina patupatua etahi raraunga (te rā o te whanautanga). Ko reira ki haere Lenin ki waho tenei ingoa. I muri i tenei raruraru, i te ingoakē me noho ki a ia mo te ora.

Life i Paris

I roto i 1909 faaoti te tokorua ki te neke ki Paris. He ka maheni ki Inessa Armand. Tumanako a ko Inessa he bit rite nga pūāhua, aru e rua ki te tui te kēnana Communist. Ko, pērā Krupskaya, Armand hoki kua he tuakiri kaha, he maha tamariki, he hostess whakamiharo, wairua te kamupene o me kanapa ataahua.

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna - orurehau ki te hinu. Otiia ko ia ano hoki te wahine whakaaro nui, me te tairongo. A ite ahau e haere tawhiti i te moni o tana tane ki a Inessa tua atu ngā mahi rōpū. Whakamamaetia, ka kitea e ia te kaha ki te farii i tenei meka. I roto i te 1911, ia, e whakaatu ana i te mōrahi o te whakaaro nui wahine, te whakaaro ia e Vladimir Ilyich whakarere. Ko Lenin, i runga i te anga ke, ohorere mutu hononga ki Armand.

a Nadezhda Konstantinovna take kia maha rōpū, me e kahore he wa ki te māharahara. rumakina ia ia i roto i te mahi. Ona kawenga ngā kōrero ki te mema o te rōpū raro i roto i Russia. Ia e tuku pukutia ratou pukapuka, a awhinatia i roto i te whakahaere o te mahi pāhoro, unuhia hoa i ahoahoa me wana whakaritea. Otiia i te mea kei reira te rota o te wā i oti rawa ki te ako o te ako. I hiahia i roto i te whakaaro Karla Marksa me ia Fridriha Engelsa i te ao o te mātauranga. ako ia te whakahaere o te mātauranga i roto i te whenua Pākehā pērā i France ko Switzerland, ka mohio ki te mahi o nga kaiako nui o te mua.

I roto i te 1915, kua oti Nadezhda mahi i runga i te pukapuka "Mātauranga me Manapori". Hoki ia, kua reira kua whakamoemiti e tana tane. Tenei mahi tuatahi Marxist, tukua i te pene o Krupskaya, korero e pā ana ki te hiahia mo te mātauranga, te wahi i taea e kaimahi noa te tiki i te mātauranga kuratini. Hoki tenei pukapuka riro Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna (whakaahua aroaro reira i roto i te tuhinga) te taitara o te tākuta o sciences ako.

Hoki ki Russia

Hoki mai ki a Russia ka mau wahi i roto i April 1917. I reira, i roto i te St Petersburg, rōpū, me te whakatö-mahi papatipu e ake tona wa katoa. Whaikōrero i te hinonga o te ënei whenua, te whai wāhitanga i roto i ngā hui ki te hoia, te whakahaere o ngā hui o hoia '- enei ko nga mahi matua o Nadezhda Konstantinovna. Nāna te reira i te Leninist pepeha whakawhiti o te mana katoa ki nga Sovietí, korero e pā ana ki te whai o te Pāti Bolshevik ki te revolution hapori.

I taua wa uaua, ka i takoha Lenin ki piringa i roto i Gelsingorfse (Finland) i te whakatoi Takitaro Kāwanatanga, Nadezhda, miharo ana te kotiro, ka haere ia ki te haere ki a ia. Na roto ia, riro te Komiti Central Party kua whakahau i to ratou rangatira, Lenin me ako e pā ana ki te āhuatanga i te kāinga.

Krupskaya ko tetahi o nga ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaiuru o te Great Oketopa pāpori Revolution, mahi tona teuteu tonu i roto i te rohe o Vyborg me Smolny.

Ko te mate o V. I. Lenina

Ahakoa te meka e te hononga ki Inessa Armand Lenin haea ake he tau torutoru ki muri, ona mana'o hoki ia, a kihai i whakamatao iho. Ko kua tonu kua te mahi hoki a ia i te matua tino nui i roto i to outou oraraa, me te hononga ki Armand roa me e pehia ana i nga mahi rōpū, na kihai ia i i tatarahapa i tona whakatau.

A, no te mate Inessa o mate kohi ohorere whakatuwheratia, i patua Lenin e reira. Hoki ia i reira i te tino pupuhi. Ana to'utangata mea e nui te mauähara o te patunga aronganui tona hauora me te hohoro te haora o te mate. Lenin aroha tenei wahine, me te kore i taea e haere mai ki ngā ki tona wehenga. noho tamariki Armand i France, a ka ui Lenin tana wahine ki te kawe ia ratou ki Russia. O te akoranga, e kore i taea e ia whakakahore i te tane mate. mate ia i roto i te tau 1924. A muri iho i tona matenga, kore ko te taua Krupskaya. Ia "atua" kihai i reira roa, engari tahuri te ora, kahore ia ki te oraraa. Otiia, ka kitea e ia te kaha ki te whakahaere mahi anō ki te hāpai i te mātauranga tūmatanui.

o te iwi Commissariat o te mātauranga

mahi Nadezhda i Komiti o nga tangata o te Mātauranga i muri tonu i te revolution. tonu ia ki te uaua mo te hanganga o te mahi Ecole Polytechnique. Te whakatairanga tamariki i roto i te wairua o te Communism hei kua pokapū ki a ia te ora.

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna, tona photo e karapotia e te mau pionie e kei raro nei, minamina i runga i nga tamariki. tamata pono ia ki te hanga i to ratou oraraa oaoa.

hoki wāhi nui Krupskaya ki te mātauranga o te hawhe wahine o te taupori. Tino ngā wahine ki te whai wāhi i roto i te hanga hapori.

Pioneers

Nadezhda ko tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o te whakahaere Pioneer, hanga he takoha nui ki tona whanaketanga. Otiia i te wa ano e kore ai e tuituia anake nga mahi o te whakahaere, engari ano ki te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi tika ki ngā tamariki. ka ui pionie reira ia e pā ana ki te tuhi i tētahi haukiri. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna, i whakatakotoria i roto i te haurongo poto o tona ake i roto i te "toku Life", me te oaoa nui wāhi i roto i tona tuhituhi. whakatapua ia tenei mahi ki nga kau paionia katoa o te whenua.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Nadezhda Konstantinovna Pukapuka runga ako i tenei ra i uara hītori anake mo te hunga kairangahau torutoru nei e hiahia i roto i nga whakaaro o nga mua i runga i ngā pātai o te tamaiti-faaamuraa. Ko te takoha tino o Krupskaya i te hītori o to tatou whenua, ko e kua whakaratohia ai te tautoko, me te āwhina puta noa i te ora o tana tane Vladimiru Ilichu Leninu. Ko ia tona whakapakoko, me te hoa. Ko ia ia "atua". I muri i tona matenga, ka haere mai Stalin ki te mana i roto i tamata katoa ara ki te tango ia ia i te scene tōrangapū. ko pouaru o Lenin ki a ia he tataramoa i roto i te kanohi, i tamata ai ia i roto i nga ara ki te pehea e o. e whai te reira i te pēhanga hinengaro nui. I roto i te pa haurongo, whakaputaina e te tikanga o Stalin, i mio'i reira tokomaha o nga meka o tona ora, e rua tōrangapū me te whaiaro. Otiia kihai i taea e ia te huri i te āhuatanga. inoi Nadezhda taea tanu katoa tana tane. Otiia i rongo tangata. Te iteraa e kore e e kitea te tinana o te kotahi i aroha takotoranga ina, me kore e takoto ia ki raro, i muri ki a ia, te reira te hopea whawhati.

i ke, me te ohorere Care o tona ora. kauwhautia ia tona whakatau ki te korero i te XVIII Congress o te Pāti. No tetahi i mohio rite te mea i reira hinaaro ia ki te mea i roto i tona kupu. Pea, i roto i tona kupu, i taea e tukino i te reira i te ngākau nuitanga o Stalin. Engari kia e rite kia reira, February 27, 1939 ka mate ia. E toru nga ra i te aroaro o taua mea katoa i roto i te raupapa. Ia February 24 whakahaerehia manuhiri. Tae e te hoa tata. noho matou mo te tepu tano. I roto i te ahiahi o te ra ano ia ohorere ka mate. Ko te tākuta, e tae haora e toru me te hawhe, kotahi pāngia "whakapeka whēkau, peritonitis, Thrombosis." Ko reira tika ki te whakahaere, engari e kore e haamaramarama te take, me te kore te mahi e meatia ki tenei ra.