Kupu tawhitotia me whängai atu: tauira. Archaisms me whängai atu i roto i Russian

reo Russian he kupu ake-te huri: etahi whakamāoritanga mua maha noa e inaianei whakauaua ake whakamahia, me te tahi atu, i runga i te anga ke, kei te piki whakamahia e tatou. He maha tauira o nga kupu tawhitotia me whängai atu, e tohu te whanaketanga o te reo.

E āta hono ana ari rite ana ki ngā huringa i roto i te hapori: puta he kupu hou ki te putanga o te ariā hou, a ki te kahore e tahuri te iwi ki etahi ahanoa tītohunga ranei, e kore ai e whakamahi i te wā e whakamahia e te ki tautapa reira. I roto i tenei tuhinga whakaaro tatou kupu tawhitotia me whängai, tauira o ratou te whakamahi, momo me ngā āhuatanga.

kupu tawhitotia: definition

kupu tawhitotia - he pērā e i te wā i homai o te wā ranei rawa uaua whakamahia kore ranei e whakamahia i (hei tauira, te ringa matau, e taku tamaiti, te Whero, ngutu, Commissar) katoa.

Obsolescence o kupu - he mea he tukanga, reira, kia ariā rerekē i ngā wāhanga rerekē. Tonu kore tukua i whakamahi kaha, engari whakamahia iti pinepine atu i roto i te mua, te kupu tuku ki rite "reo tawhito".

Whängai atu me archaisms e whakamahia mō ngā take rerekē. Ko te whakamutunga e whakamahia, hei tauira, mo te whakaingoa o ngā me tītohunga, e ko, te mahi te mahi nominative (hei tauira, pūtaiao, me te mahi o mua). I roto i te mahi o te pakimaero e pā ana ki ngā kaupapa o mua, taua kupu whai wāhi nominative-stylistic - tavini kore noa ki te tāutu i te ngā mau, engari hanga ano hoki he tetahi hā o te wā.

I roto i te kuputuhi tuhituhi taea te whakamahi kupu tawhito ki tohu te wa, ka e te mahi wahi. Archaisms (me whängai) kia mahi rite te whakaaro stylistic tūturu. kupu tawhitotia hoatu te kuputuhi o te nui, pera nga tikanga o te kīanga.

Whängai atu: tāututanga

whakahoki matou ki te pātai o te mea whängai, tauira, me te ngana ki te arahi. He hou enei, kua kore ano riro te rā, me te mōhio kupu. Kei te rerekē haere tonu ratou hanganga, etahi o nga whakaüngia tango pakiaka i roto i te reo Russian, ētahi i - e kore. Ko te kupu, ko te kupu "amiorangi" i roto i te waenganui o te rautau 20, ko te kupu hou. Katoa tau, whakamahia te pāpāho nga mano tini o ngā hou me ngā ariā, engari e kore katoa o ratou i roto i te whakamahi ia rā. Ētahi e whakamahia kotahi anake i roto i te kupu etahi kuputuhi ranei, me ētahi atu e ngā i roto i te hanganga me te reo, rite whakamahia toutou, ngaro ratou minamina ana. ngā hou etahi, te oreraa ki te tomo noa te moni matua wetereo, hinga tonu atu o te whakamahi, me te he kua tawhitotia (taua whakarau, hei tauira, te reo o tau pou-orurehau: herea mātauranga, zhendelegatka, delovod, kerenki).

Methods o ngā kupu hou

kupu tawhitotia me whakaüngia Russian - he āhuatanga rawa ngā. Rawa pākiki ki te mohio pehea reira he ariā hou. puta ratou i roto i te maha o ngā huarahi:

- te hanganga o te kupu hou wetereo (wā hou) i ngā i roto i te morphemes reo me nga kupu i runga i ngā tauira ngā: drywall, peia, he muka whatu;

- tarahu i te kupu ke ki te hanganga muri o tona reo hou ki ngā tauira tīariari o hanganga kupu: te matawai, karapa, te matawai;

- te hanganga o te tikanga wetereo hou o te wā ngā i roto i te reo (i roto i tenei tikanga o te kupu e huaina whängai atu pū), e ahu i roto i, tae atu i roto i te whakataki i nga tikanga o nga kupu i roto i tetahi reo: kiore - tenei pūrere ko hoki ngā mōhiohio tāuru rorohiko, me te kararehe; Winchester - tenei pūrere mō te pupuri kōrero i roto i te rorohiko, me he pū;

- te hanganga o etahi ngā pūmau ki te uara hou (tae atu i te wahi): kaupapa, he puku mārō.

Archaisms me historicism

I roto i disused kupu archaisms taratahi me te historicism. kupu tawhitotia me whängai, tauira o nei e whakarārangitia i roto i tenei tuhinga, i te whakarau rerekē.

whakatau te reira i to ratou whakamahi i roto i te kupu, e kore "tau": ka karanga faufaa, ariā me ngā faufaa e kore e tau mō ngā rau tau, ētahi atu i he archaizing āhua nohopuku, mutu tatou te whakamahi ratou rite te taonga ratou, nga raraunga tuku ki te kupu ngaro. Hei tauira, kua puta ke te pūnaha mātauranga i roto i to tatou whenua, a na reira o korero haere, ngā pērā i wahine hauhautanga, Institute mo Noble kotiro, schoolgirl, nōna ki (i roto i te tikanga o "tauira kura tuarua").

Ko te ariā o "historicism"

Kaimahi ingoa Kua ngaro ngā ariā, ngā me tītohunga o korero i huaina historicism. kōrero katoa o te ngā i runga ki a ratou. Enei kupu noho i roto i to tatou reo, te tūnga motuhake, mai he ratou tohu anake o ngā tūemi tawhitotia. I roto i te historicism, reira, i reira e taea e kore taurite. I roto i te mahi o te toi, tuhinga hītori, ka whakamahi i te taniwha, e ratou te mua o te iwi, rite taea ai e ratou te hā houtia o te wā ngā. Enei kupu hoatu nga āhuatanga o te tika hītori o te whakaahuatanga o mua.

Ko te kupu, historicism - ngaro nga kupu e kua mutu matou ki te whakamahi tika ki te meka e tu ratou mo te āhuatanga me ngā tūemi: koti, Bursa, posadnik. E whakamahia ratou te nuinga i roto i ngā tuhinga whakaahua i te mua (e rua toi, me te pūtaiao).

Ko te ariā o "archaism"

Archaisms - kupu e kua hinga ki te taha hāngū no ratou tukuna ki, ngā me te i ēnei rā te ari, ngā me ngā ariā i reira he ingoa hou. Wehewehe ngā momo rerekē o ratou, i runga i te mea i roto o te rā he aha te ahua o te āhuatanga o te kupu rānei:

- ä, ki te ko te kupu i roto i a te rā, me te kore whakamahi i te matatini tangi-pukapuka, a kei te tuku inaianei te uara ki te kōwae hou o te kupu;

- pū - i roto i te take i reira te vai te kupu, engari kua ngaro te reira i te tahi mau uara atu o ratou ( "Unuhia kopu") i roto i te reo hou ranei;

- ā whakaahua - ki te huri koe i te āhua o te reo o te wā, kitea i roto i tona tuhituhi ( "waru nga tau");

- kupu-hanganga - ka tawhitotia iho hanganga derivational o te kupu ( "turuturu paihana");

- wetereo - ki te i roto o te whakamahi i te tahi puka wetereo.

tetahi Archaisms tino i historicism kore rerekē. Ki te te whakamutunga - ko nga ingoa o etahi kaupapa pakeke, te tuatahi - pakeke ingoa ariā me ari noa e farerei tatou i roto i te ora ia rā.

momo o archaisms

I roto i te archaisms taea wehewehe rōpū motuhake o kupu. He rerekē i o ratou taurite nuitia whakamahia o te āhuatanga motuhake i roto i te reo etahi o ratou, ngā tangi nepolnoglasnymi (taitama - tawhito, te koura - koura, pa - whatu Beach - Breg, tangihanga - Vrana, te rua o nga kupu i roto i te takirua raraunga tangi tawhito). E huaina ēnei kupu archaisms ā tawhitotia. Ēnei ngā ngā pērā i klob (karapu i roto i te kupu hou) e taua (tau), Stora (pihi), goshpital (hōhipera) me ētahi atu kupu tawhito me ngā kīanga i roto i te reo Russian, e taea te kitea i roto i ngā kaituhi me kaitito o te rau tau 19. Mai i to ratou "tāwhai", ratou maha rerekē i roto i te kotahi anake reo, i te iti rawa - he torutoru o ratou he inaianei tawhitotia nako ranei.

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea e te kite i te tauira, ngā kupu disused he tohu rerekē o tona tawhito: kei te te tahi mau kupu whakamahia tonu i roto i te kupu, pērā i kaitito, a kua mohiotia etahi ki a tatou anake i runga i nga mahi o tuhinga o te rau tau mua. He ko te hunga i tenei ra e wareware e.

He āhuatanga rawa ngā - te archaism o etahi tikanga o te kupu.

Ko te hua o reira ko te putanga o te tikanga, ranei pū, archaisms, ie kupu e kua whakamahia i roto i te tawhitotia, rerekē hoki tatou. tauturu ratou mohio ki matau i te reo pono o te tuhituhinga puāwaitanga.

Kia pehea te he whängai

Kua whakahoki kē matou i te pātai e pā ana ki te mea whängai, tauira o nei i hua e tatou i runga. Na kitea tatou i roto i te pehea puta ratou i roto i te reo Rusia. hohoro aha mai: archaisms me whängai atu? Tatou i te reira.

Ko te tere o te ahua o taua paparanga rerekē o ngā kupu, kupu tawhitotia me whängai, tauira o nei e whakaarohia i roto i tenei tuhinga. He nui ake kaha me te tere te tukanga o te ētahi o te reo hou hanganga wetereo. I roto i nga tau tata nei, āhua 15-20 tau, i reira kua nui huringa i roto i te aamu o to tatou whenua, kitea nei kei te tika i runga i te āhua o te kupu Russian. Na roto i te whängai atu i puta i tenei wa, ngā taua mātauranga, kihai nei i i te tīariari i mua, i roto i te reo tuhituhi e kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te tahi atu wāhanga katoa o tona whakamahinga (mita rohe, me te pāpori, momo mahi). Anake ki te hanganga i roto i te kupu ngā ngā pērā i Agrobank (ie whenua pēke), corporatization (huringa ki kamupene tahi-take o hinonga kāwanatanga i roto i te issuance me hoko o ngā rakau), wāhitau (ngā ki te rōpū motuhake o te iwi), antirynochnik (arā whakawhitinga hoariri ki te ōhanga mākete), me te hyperinflation (pikinga, te tiango ōhanga tere tipu me te whakawehi) me etahi ētahi atu.

momo o whängai

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, whakatauritea kupu tawhitotia ki whängai atu. wae kupu New i roto i tona formedness e rānei kupu kotahi (lesseeship, anti-Stalinism, rīpene, ATM, rōpū) ranei ingoa pūhui (UFO - UFO, raina rawakore - he taumata etahi o te pai o te taupori, te whakarato i te nui iti o te kohi o taonga taketake rauemi).

E whakaaro taua whängai atu ki kia wetereo. Kia kï hoki i konei o te parau e e hou puta ngā tauwhiro o kupu, hei tauira: ki te taea te press tā (e te, tīmata te tā atu o te moni pepa, e kore e nei i whakaratohia e te hanga o taonga), whakairi kihu i runga i te taringa (te tikanga "ki te whakauru te tangata ki hapa" ) me ētahi atu.

Ka whakaüngia Papakupu me phraseological he kīwaha, ngā pūhui me kupu.

Wha ngā rōpū o whängai

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, he rerekē nga mahi o kupu tawhitotia me whängai atu. I runga i te tūranga o te tuatahi kua matou whakahuatia kē. Ka taea te wehea nga kupu hou katoa i runga i te whakaaro ki ngā rōpū matua e whā.

Ko te tuatahi o enei ngā nga ingoa o ngā ariā me mo'oni, e kore mua i roto i te ora o te iwi i te tīariari: revivalists - nga kau muimui o nekehanga tupurangi-tāmau whenua Russian, e whai ana ki te whakahauora tona karaati - etahi karaati, e tohu ana i te ahua o atu tautoko pūtea mō te rangahau pūtaiao me ētahi atu.

Ko te rōpū tuarua o whakaüngia hanga ki te whakaahua ari kua tango wahi i roto i te ora tūmatanui, engari e kore e riro mo etahi take, pērā i wä, ratou iku'anga: vozvraschenets - noa hoki i te whakarau ki honau fonua tupu'angá, kore-ture - i te mea i waho te whakahaerenga, Lenin, whakahau-uiui et al.

Kei te toru o te rōpū o tuhu ki te parau mau, i roto i te ora tūturu e kore e te tīariari, engari ka taea i roto i te ahua kaupapa i roto i te whanaketanga anō o te hangarau, me te pūtaiao: waka ātea, karihi hotoke, he cyborg.

Ko te rōpū tuawha, me te whakamutunga arā, o ngā tūemi wetereo, tārua kupu ki te tetahi tikanga wetereo. Ēnei ngā Whakairo (tonu) taurite, ōrite i roto i te tae me te uara stylistic: whakaaro - taimaha, statist - statists, hītori - nō, tata raupatutia slavish - papau.

Mezhstilevaya me i rawe ki ki te tetahi kāhua o kupu, Ka whakaüngia

Ko te nuinga whakaüngia hoki te whakamahi i roto i te mara mezhstilevaya, whakamahia e te i roto i te katoa momo o te kupu (Intergirl, image, take, miraka pē, tukua noatia, ohaoha-manapori, tarukino trafficking, ā-pēke). Heoi, etahi he wahi o to ratou kāhua ngā rawe ki: publicistic (Deviant, huriwhakamuri, tarukino ariki, Integrator, toenga), Scientific (biolokator koreutu, ozone poka, radioecology, ki tou) pakihi (kaihoko depositary heriheri tūturu) ranei korerotia (xero, paru, moni, tinihanga, waimarie kino, takoki).

pahono matou ki te pātai e pā ana ki te mea he kupu tawhitotia me whängai atu. Tauira o enei taea hua i roto i te tino rerekē, i whakarārangitia anake etahi o ratou i roto i tenei tuhinga. I roto i te meka, tohu te hunga me ētahi atu i te reo tinana nui. He ara papakupu motuhake, ka taea e kitea e koe te tahi atu mau hi'oraa o kupu tawhitotia me whängai atu.