Life me mahi o Goncharova. mahi Goncharova

Na roto tona natura, ko rawa rerekē i te nuinga o te whakaaro Ivan Aleksandrovich, whanau te wā o te 60raa, kaha, me te hihiri. Ko tona ora te rota o rerekē mo te wa, me te mea kahore i te tini o ngā mahi tūmatanui, me ngā huringa 60raa i pa ai. Kukū, mānukanuka, impulsivity āhuatanga o te kaituhi o tenei wā, whakakapia Ivan Alexandrovich tu'u ma'u, whakaaro, tapatahi. Life me auaha Goncharova e whakaahuatia poto i roto i tenei tuhinga.

tepu wā o te ora

tau wawe

whakatuwheratia tepu wā Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich 1812. E tau, i roto i Simbirsk, i whanau ia. no Ivan Aleksandrovich ki kaihokohoko e ia ko te intelligentsia he okotahi onge, rite te nuinga o te reira kanohi te rangatira. Karapotia e te kaituhi, Heoi, i reira i iti kaihokohoko tūturu, tenei reo he tata kahore pānga i runga i tetahi o tona aupururaa me te mātauranga, ki te taiao e karapoti ana ranei. Matua Ivan Alexandrovich, mate te atatu, he nui rawa, e tukua kihai Goncharov whakaora i runga i ngā utu, me te ora rawa taonga.

Simbirsk taua wa ko te kohinga o te nuinga rakau, whare tawhito me ngā whare, engari kihai i maha nga taupori pa. I roto i tenei wahi ko te tekau tau tuatahi o te ora o te kaituhi. Ko te hanganga tuatahi o Ivan Goncharov, he pā ana tata nei haurongo me mahi, ko roto i nga whare tūmataiti te tau o te pa, me te te tohunga rohe, kei roto i te kura mō ngā tamariki o te mau utuafare rangatira. kitea ana tēnei whare āheinga Ivan Aleksandrovich te whare pukapuka iti, me te aroha ki te noho wā pānui pakimaero kaituhi Russian, me te ke.

E ako ana i roto i Moscow

I roto i te 1822, i te tau o nga tau kotahi tekau, ki te haere tonu o ratou akoranga, i tangohia e ia ki a Moscow institution tuarua mo te rangatira. Na ora me te mahi o te nekehanga o Goncharov ki te wā hou o te ora motuhake kahore tiaki mātua. haere mai te kāinga ia mo te raumati anake, whakapau i te toenga o te wā i roto i Moscow. Here Ivan Aleksandrovich, i roto i era atu mea, ka mohio ki te mahi o nga kaituhi Wīwī, me tetahi o te Romanov Ezhena Sue noa iritihia ki Russian. whakaputaina tētahi whiti i tenei liliu i roto i te buka aamu "whātata" mo te tau 1832.

rawa hohoro waru tau o whakangungu haere, kahore te mau mai i roto i te whānui, kahore painga motuhake ranei pakaru motuhake.

whare wānanga

I roto i te 1830, 18 tau, Goncharov teuteu kua hoki wānanga, engari ko te timatanga o te korara, a ka katia ai, na meatia ki a Ivanu Aleksandrovichu anake i roto i te muri, i roto i te 1831. E te wa i mohio kua ia e rave rahi reo: French, German, Ingarihi me te reo Roma.

Ko te ora whare wānanga, me te mahi o Goncharova, he titiro tere i nei whakaekea te i roto i tenei tuhinga, tomo ki te atamira hou. tae ia kauwhau Kachenovsky, Shevyreva, Nadezhdin Pogodin, Davydov me ētahi atu, me te muri mahara ratou ki mauruuru. Goncharov ko te ākonga hi'oraa maitai. tae mai ia tata katoa te kauwhau tuhia ata mo ngā kaiako, te mahi koutou mahi kāinga. mawehe i Ivan Aleksandrovich porowhita. Ko te whare wānanga i te ako Herzen ko Ogarev, engari e kore e pera me tetahi atu kihai i tutaki ia, a ka tutaki ki a Lermontov whakarongo anake.

tonu rā i muri, no tiunu 1834, ka pai ia haere nga whakamātautau whakamutunga, ka mahue ki tona teina kāinga ki Simbirsk tepu wā Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich. inaianei tīmata Life me mahi o te kaituhi taitamariki i roto i tona whenua.

i te kāinga

tuhituhi Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich: "I riro ahau rite mamaoa, utuutuhia kāinga." I roto i tenei "Oblomovka orotika" tū pai-whangai, te ora oaoa, i aru i nga ra e ra me tau, i runga i nga tau, i reira i kahore huringa kite. Ko te porowini Simbirsk whakauaua ua huru kaki o te tikanga o Nicholas. katoa Goncharov tau takoto tika, mahi tetahi mea i roto i ngā. Pōro me ngā pāpori aru tetahi ki tetahi. A, no te tahi mau taime whakaaro te tangata taitama e pā ana ki te heke mai, he mea ki a ia kia rite ki te mahi, engari he mea katoa tonu rawa tawhiti atu, me te take anake o mea whakatere, ara te auhoaraa e tīmata Goncharov (haurongo me mahi o te kaituhi whakaahuatia tau muri e raro) ki te kawana o Uglich, karangatia ia ki te riro i te papa'i parau i roto i tona tari.

Mai i tenei wāhi i runga i hoki timata Ivan Alexandrovich te mahi mua uiui, i nei kihai i tino ahuareka reira, engari wheako whai hua, me haamana'oraa e pā ki te utu, me te tahi atu mau peu rangatira. aroaro Photo Goncharova i raro.

Petersburg. Ko te mahi tuhituhi tuatahi

Ngā wāhanga o te ora, me te mahi tonu Goncharova Petersburg wā. I te faahaparaa o te tangata i roto i te 1835 i haamana'o Uglich i tona Simbirsk Māori, a haere ana ki a St. Petersburg, a haere tahi ia ia ko Ivan Aleksandrovich. Here honoa e ia te Tāhuhu o Finance i te mahi, te tari o te hokohoko ke, tuatahi rite te iriti, me te ka te papa'i parau upoko. tuhituhi reta ana maheni, huru ata ki tenei mahi, a kore e paunatia iho te huru karaka whanganga e Ivan Alexandrovich.

I roto i te tau tuatahi i muri i tona taenga i Petersburg i tona wa e manawapa whakamaoritanga ia Schiller, Winckelmann, Goethe, me te novelists English-pisataley. Heoi, i runga i tona ake mahi i roto i tenei wa e kore i whakaaro Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich e pā ana ki reira. Anake i roto i te tīmatanga o te tekau-puta mahi motuhake tuatahi tona. Kei raro photo Goncharov.

"Kōrero noa"

I roto i 1847, i roto i nga api o "Contemporary" whakaputaina te pukapuka tuatahi te kaituhi taitamariki, "Kōrero noa". E tenei wa ko 35 nga tau kua te kaituhi, kua tomo te ora me te mahi o Goncharova te wāhanga o te paari.

Ko reira he kōrero o inoino, te parariraa o te tūmanako o ngā tauira taitamariki o rerekē Oblomovok nei kūare ki te whakapaipai ki te manatunga i te wahine o te ngakau, me te rōrahi iti o Schiller i tona pute, rorirori, penapena, pai-whangai. whakaora Petersburg tonu ratou i tokonga me reverie katoa, whakangaro tumanako katoa, pera i taea e huaina tenei kōrero me te "ati noa."

I roto i te pūrākau, mārama ua he huānga haurongo. Ka rite ki whakaae e te kaituhi ia ia, kitea tenei mahi tona wheako o te ora, te wā ka ko ia he moemoea o romance tahuri ki te pā makariri, me te businesslike. Ivan Goncharov, tona haurongo e patua ana ki tou whakarongo, kua riro i roto i te huringa rite ki te tetahi e mana'o te protagonist.

Alexander Aduev, dreamy whaiāipo i roto i te kawanatanga, he admirer o Schiller, matapo whakapono i roto i te auhoaraa mure ore, me te aroha, haere mai ki te pane, St Petersburg tekau, i te tiaki o tona whaea te pūpūraa te here. taka ia i roto i te aroha, engari te aroha tukua ia, huringa me te auhoaraa. Mai i taua ko Alexander i te hepohepo. hoki ia ki te kawanatanga, wareware ia e pā ana ki o ratou wawata katoa me mana'o, me mutu tona ora ki te wahine marena hou taonga, Maatotoru raugatira me te utu pai.

"Noa Kōrero" i tuhia anōtia e toru nga wa, pau tona kaituhi hanga e pā ana ki 5-6 tau i mua i whakaputaina i te mahi. Reira ngā tonu whakarongo, a ka riro Goncharov āhukahuka rite te kaituhi. pahono ahau ki tenei pūrākau, me te fakaanga mūrere hoki rongonui Belinsky, nei koa te kaituhi pūmanawa hou a tohu tana angitu.

I roto i te 1846, fakatāutaha maheni Ivan Aleksandrovich ki Belinsky, engari e kore e kati ki a ia ranei te tahi atu i te mau melo o te porowhita tuhituhi, me te kore converged. Na ka no tenei maka ki Nekrasov, Pan, Turgenev, Botkin, Granovsky, Herzen me etahi atu.

"Frigate" Pallada "

I roto i te 1852, ka haere a Ivan Aleksandrovich te tūranga o Admiral Hekeretari Putiatina i runga i te ope ki te taonga Russian i roto i Amerika. Ko te whakaaro o te haerenga ko ki te whakarite i te tiriti hokohoko ki Japan, he whenua o te mua i te wa tata mohiotia ki te Pākehā. i homai haere kaituhi he wa pakeke, rawa te tuatahi marama torutoru o whakatere, - whakakoi ia patua roro ki pāhoahoa, a i roto i te piha maha makariri. Anake āta, i runga i tona taenga i Ingarangi, i taea ki te kia whakamahia ki te ora moana ki tona whare wharau, te maeke me te kohu me te ite i te kāinga Ivanu Aleksandrovichu. I tua atu ki tauākī e pā ana me ngā pūrongo, ka tuhituhi ia he pukapuka, whakaputaina i roto i "kohinga Moana", i whakaahuatia ana ongo. I muri mai, ka haere mai enei reta whakaahuatanga e rere i huaina "manuao" Pallada ", whakaputaina i roto i te rua ngā pukapuka.

Kua tēnei mahi kua tuhia rite tetahi o te pai i roto i te tuhinga Russian o mahi whakamārama. i ahei te korero e ia e rua ngā pakeke me ngā tamariki, mātauranga me te ite ore. Ko te pukapuka whakaahua ana te āhua o te ngā whenua tāwāhi tae mai e te kaipuke, whakataurite manene nga tikanga ki te iwi o tona whenua i whanau ai, i reira e ano wāhanga pārekareka. utua e ia takoha ki te ataahua o te natura rohe, engari he pai tonu ki tona ngakau, he whenua Māori, e, mahara tonu Goncharov, korero nei pukapuka mo te kaituhi ia ki te aroha.

Tuhinga Goncharov, "Oblomov"

Pukapuka Goncharova tonu "Oblomov". ka haere mai te whakaaro ki a ia te kaituhi hoki i roto i te tekau-. Na kaha puritia te tauira o Ili Ilicha reira i roto i te misioni i runga ake. Tangohia hoki tauira te pene tuatahi o te pukapuka tuatahi o "frigate" Pallada ". Kei te whakahe te reira ki te pukumahi, pukumahi, hohoro gentleman Russian pakeha, ata, me te mangere. Ko te tino rite ki te whakaahuatanga o Oblomov Life Whakamārama hūmārie.

"Oblomov" - ko reira he wā hou, i tomo te ora me te mahi o Goncharova. e kore te mea oti TABLE tona koioranga me te auaha, kahore te whakahua o 1857. Tenei tau i roto i te hararei i runga i nga wai o tenei mahi i ki te tāpiri i roto i Kissingen, hapu hoki i roto i te tekau-.

Life me te auahatanga Goncharova ki te tuku o tenei pūrākau oroko te atamira hou. i muri tonu ko te whakaputanga o te mahi te sensation, kua korero ai e pā ana ki a tautohetohe i roto i nga puni katoa. E rua o nga fakaangá pai - Dobrolyubov me Pisarev - whakatapua "Oblomov" ana arohaehae atamai. Tuhinga Dobrolyubova "aha Oblomovism?" whakanohoia Oblomov i runga i te par ki te toa tino rongonui o te wa - Pechorin, Onegin, Beltov, Rudin. "Oblomovka i to tatou whenua tika" - tuhituhi Dob, i aifaito ki te tuhinga intelligentsia Russian katoa ki te momo Oblomov. Hoki Nicholas Alexandrovich Oblomovism - he matua he whenu, mangere rangatira condoned e pononga maha. O te akoranga, e kore Dob whakahuatia te aroha iti mo rānei te pūāhua matua he Oblomovism i whānui ranei.

Pisarev i tona tuhinga, utua nui atu te aro te ki āhuatanga hinengaro, fakatokanga'i te tino kaha te paheketanga o te tau'a hinengaro, meinga e te whānuitanga o ngā take. tuhia Sam Goncharov e Tuhinga Pisarev - te pai o te mea katoa kua oti te tuhituhi e pā ana ki tona pūrākau, pera whakaahuatia e ia te whīwhiwhi o tenei momo Oblomovka ngali pūmotu. I muri i te katoa, te hero, huri i te reira i roto i, ko te tangata e mate ana, rite mea Goncharov. e kore e Oblomov hiahia noa ki te mahi, a ko te wehi te mahi no te mea homai reira ia mauiui o te tino. Na ano taea ki te kia kaha ia i ētahi wā ko te, ahakoa i raro i te mana ke. whakahaere Olga ki turai ia ki te mahi, ngā mahi.

mooni kapakapa tu Hero puta noa nga mahi Goncharova, anake, pea, te tata tino o ona whārangi. e wehi ia katoa: makuku, nekehanga, i roto i te hau, te aroha, tikanga rangatira, kupu nui. A tenei wehi - he tohumate āhuatanga o atrophy o te pai ai, he mate hinengaro.

I tua atu, he tonu Oblomov waenganui i rua te pato'iraa: i kawea e ia ki runga i roto i te kāhua Russian tawhito, me te huru, tikanga whakatau ratou ake hiahia ki te otirā me te papai. pau ia tona tamarikitanga raro i te ta'etuku, te mātakitaki feruri- o whanaunga, pērā i puhoi, me te hāngū rite ko ia.

horoi reira me penapena, e ngana ana ki te pehi i te hinaaro o te mahi me te playfulness, māori hoki te kuao tau, me te pākiki me te moni i roto i tetahi mea katoa. Ko nga hua o taua mātauranga e mohiotia - mangere, tangohia tona ahua tino, me te te wehi o tetahi huringa me te titauraa o te ora.

Tenei mate, kia rite ki Goncharov, kua whai pakiaka i roto i te katoa o te ora, me te hītori Russian. I roto i tenei tikanga, ko Oblomov te whakatinanatanga pono o te wa i mua i whakahou-Russian kahurangi. Heoi, ka taea e tatou e amo e muri i te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom, kua puta ke na tino te āhuatanga? Ko ahau mate Ilya Ilyich?

No, e kore ia e taea mate. Ko Ko te aha tenei pūrākau inaianei, pera tonu, tonu e hāngai ana.

"Oblomov", i matau rite te pūrākau whakakitenga mai satirising gentility me te mangere Russian, ko te whare pukapuka angitu nui. Goncharova noa whakaritea ki Gogol.

Hoki mai i te haerenga huri noa i te ao, ka hoki Ivan Aleksandrovich ki tona mahi tūmatanui, mahi i roto i te tari taua o te hokohoko ke i roto i te pou-kaiwhakahaere. Otiia hohoro, i roto i 1858, i haina ia i roto i te tari te aukatinga o te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. I te tau 1862 ka ia ka titiro ētita i roto i na "Te Tai Tokerau Mail", te hautaka mōhiohio. mahi Goncharov i roto i te whakapono pai, me te kua tutuki angitu nui i roto i te mahi: i reira whakaarahia e rave rahi mau taime i roto i te tari - i te tu re ki te mema mana matua o te Press.

Tuhinga Goncharov pūrākau "Te pari"

Pūrākau Goncharova whakaputanga o "Oblomov" e kore e mutu i reira. I te 1868 i te moheni "Herald o Europe" ka haere mai tona muri i muri "Oblomov" pūrākau - "Open". I hapu reira tata tukutahi ki "Oblomov", engari ki te tuhituhi tenei wahi ka mau Goncharov neke atu i te 20 tau! I roto i enei tau, i whakakapi i te reira e te whakatupuranga katoa, he wā katoa. wā pouri o te kingitanga o Nicholas ahau, oho Russia ki te whakaoratanga me te whakahou. Ko titiro ahau Goncharova i tonu titiro ki te mua, i ia i utuhia ai e ia ana whakapakoko, me pūāhua. kihai i mauruuru faaino tenei pūrākau, pea wāhi tenei ki te papû ore o te wa, ka puta ia. I roto i tenei wā i katia ai makasini "Contemporary" me "kupu Russian", me kua ngaro fakaanga ona māngai pai, tae atu Pisarev. "Notes o te fatherland" Kua ano ki te kitea ona waewae. I roto i te rīpoata i te wā e whakama i roto i te feruriraa, me waiaro. Na ohorere, i roto i enei wa raruraru whanau te he mahi î ki te tetahi outlook ki runga ki te ora, a taea te mea ki te titiro anaanatae ... whakaae ana Goncharov katoa kaha tawhito, hauora, me te pai, te tūmanako ia ki houhanga rongo te tawhito ki te hou. O te akoranga, i te kore i te tūranga taua taea whai kaitautoko.

Kia mea a te torutoru nga kupu e pā ana ki te whika pokapū e rua o te pūrākau - Erene me tona kuia. Kei te whawhai Pararaiha ki te tawhito kia, here, engari moe i runga i te moenga whakamarie, a e kore e whakakahore koe tetahi mea, ara Egorka tukua e ki te tango atu ona pütu. ora ia tonu i roto i te tau o te serfdom, a whawhai reira anake i roto i nga kupu anake, e kore e tautokona e te take: tohutohu noa tona huinga kuia wewete i te serfs, ko te i roto i tenei take e kore e hiahia ana ki te wawao, ahakoa no reira ki a ia. Ko te tino angamaheni, āhuatanga hoki te katoa o te hapori Russian i te wa uaua, rite mo tetahi wā tauwhirowhiro tenei feaa.

Ko nui itoito ai kuia tona mokopuna. korero te reira i te reo o ratou tupuna, kupu, whakatauki, te whakaaro nui onamata. Na roto i tenei whakaaro nui tawhitotia kua tirohia ia tikanga nui ake atu i roto i te paradaiso. Ko reira he tata, pakeke, wahine taikaha, e kore e aroha ki te hoatu i roto i, ahakoa i ngakau me te matauranga maha e tika Pararaiha. Heoi, ahakoa i whakawhirinaki ai me te whakapono e te hunga tika ratou, he mea tonu kahore pato'iraa o te touchy hou. Noa, Ko reira tino koroheke, me nga wehi hou, engari iho ki a ia kia rite ki hiahiatia.

Na i roto i te pukapuka katoa e tuu tenei kaupapa: meinga te pakanga tawhitotia ki te hou. e kore e Goncharov whakatika ki te korero o tetahi o nga rōpū, rapu reira ki to ratou houhanga rongo me te uniana anake.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Ivan Aleksandrovich, o te akoranga, i he, ka mau te reira rite te pūrākau. E te wa ko ia tata 60 tau, me muri i nui te whakaoranga i tuhituhi. I muri i te tuku o "pari" Goncharov rawa varavara whakaaturia ki te iwi whānui, me te iti te tuhituhia. I roto i ana mahi hou ngā "Evening Literary", "mamae maranatanga", "Notes i runga i te tuakiri o Belinsky," "He pai te mutunga atu i kore", "pononga", "Memories".

Rahunga tamaiti tino, mate, me te tata koroheketanga arahi ia ki te wā, me te hiahia. I te tau 1873, i te ana'iraa o whānui, Goncharov hoki atu a whakauaua mau neke atu i te wha tekau nga tau o te mahi i te iti rawa kia kotahi mahara pai. Heoi, i muri i faataahia te reira ki Ivanu Aleksandrovichu noho hoki tata 20 tau. Hoa i mahue ia i te iti tata rawa, varavara riro ia manuhiri, ka korero te hopoia momou. I roto i nga tau tata nei, ka whiua Ivan Alexandrovich ki ngā raruraru hauora, a mate Goncharov o kakā i runga i te 15 Mahuru 1891 tau.