Markus Wolf: Biography, ngā mahi, whakaahua

E mohio ana koe ko wai ko te matenga o te maramarama pai i roto i te ao nei? Ko wai te mea Markus Wolf? Te paraparau nei tatou e pā ana ki te matenga o te Main Intelligence Department, e pā ana ki tona hapu, me te ora.

biography

whanau Markus Wolf i 01.19.1923 i te pa o Hechingen. tupu ake ia i roto i te utuafare o ngā tākuta, me te kaituhi. I muri ka haere a Hitler ki te mana rongonui mo tona kupu taunanawe papa Marcus noho i roto i Germany i mōrearea.

Moving i Russia

I muri ora mo etahi wa i roto i Sweden ko France, oho Wolff ki te whakapaipai Russian. I reira i hoatu e ratou raraunga Soviet. I muri i whakatahia te whānau Tuarua o te Ao Pakanga Marcus ki Bashkiria. I reira, ka haere Markus Wolf ki te kura motuhake te wahi faaineine i ngaio i roto i te mara o te maramarama, me te maumau'i muri rārangi hoariri.

Tu'ite me te mahi tuatahi

I muri i te otinga o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, i tonoa Markus Wolf ki Berlin. I roto i te raumati 1945, kua mahi ia i te reo irirangi Berlin me i te putanga tā o te "Berliner Zeitung". I roto i te 1946, tahi ki ētahi atu kaituhi, ka hoatu e Wolf uiuinga ki te mau tamataraa Nuremberg.

Na roto i te 1950, i Marcus te pūkenga takawaenga me mahi kaipūrongo, me te toro whenua Pākehā. 02.08.1950 tau i muri i te hanganga o te GDR, i hanga Tari o te haumarutanga motu ( "Stasi"). ngā ratou tūhura, huna kanohi te wa tuatahi i raro i te guise o ōhanga akoranga pūtahi. Mai i töna tïmatanga, ka Markus Wolf te wahi o tona whakahaere.

Mai i 1958 ki te 1987, i whakaritea te tama a te kaitito i upoko o te kaiārahi matua munamuna, a ko minita tuarua o te haumaru motu o te GDR. I roto i tona whakahaere o te German Democratic Republic kua te ratonga tirohia, whai hua te nuinga i roto i te āhua o te Warsaw Pact. Ko te moni tino nui tona whakahaere ngā NATO pūrere financier Rainer Rupa.

Pārāwai

I roto i te 1983, rihaina Wolf, engari tona tono whakaaro i muri anake 3 tau. I muri i te reunification o Tiamana Head o te Central Intelligence Markus Wolf, tonoa te whakaruru pāpori-tōrangapū i te Soviet Union, engari i pai.

he i

i kite te whānui te pūranga tūpāpaku maramarama, te whakatoi o tona hoa, me te ki te ora i te mau tamataraa 3 ki runga ki a ia. i whakatupato Kanara-General Marcus Wolf ki he i tiketike. I roto i te 1993, i whiua ia e te Kooti Teitei o Düsseldorf ki te 6 tau i roto i te whare herehere. I muri mai whakakorea te whakawa.

Pukapuka Wolf

He maha nui o ngā pukapuka i tuhituhia Markus Wolf. Kei Haurongo o General he rota o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki a ratou. Ko te rongonui tino o ana pukapuka: "troika" me "e kore e hoa mate." Ko te kaituhi whakamutunga kanohi i roto i Russia.

Markus Wolf (tau o te ora - 1923-2006), rite kitea matou, ko te matataua ngaio e kore anake, engari ano hoki he kaituhi nui.

Ngā manaakitanga ki runga ki te taha o Marcus

I roto i nga tau o te ora o te waimarie torotoro ataata. Famous nui i roto i tona porohita ko Markus Wolf. Te whānau, kia rite ki kite matou mua, i mohiotia whakawhetai ki tona papa, kaitito, kaituhi me he Hurai. I roto i te 1937, i te mauheretia ia e te papatipu o whakarau tōrangapū, noho Marcus whānau i nui. kihai i reira te whiore whakamutunga. Ko reira ngā e muri i te mau ohipa o 37th nga tau o te matataua marautanga tāhuhu tangata heke mai i tino ma te aroaro o te kāwanatanga.

Lucky heteri tu'ite Wolff me muri. I muri i te whakangungu i tonoa e ia ki te raina mua. I mua, toro tata ngawari katoa i i tonoa ki te mahi i mate. Ko te whakawhetai ki te whakatau o te whakahaere Marcus i ora ano.

mahi Hāuna

Kei te whakapono te reira kua hanga e Wolff he mahi mīharo mīharo. I te tau o rua tekau ma iwa nga tau, ka e ia te rangatira o te maramarama GDR. Marcus te matapaki faahiahia tona mahi, a tuhituhia e pā ana ki a ia te paraparau. Wolf ia kua kore kōrero i runga i tona mahi racing. I runga i te pātai o te whakarite, ka whakahoki tonu ia dryly me torutoru a.

Ko te take mo te rīhaina me te ora i muri ia ia

Ko te take tangohia o te rīhainatanga tonu te mea ngaro ki tenei ra. Kei te mohiotia te reira i taua i roto i 1986, whakapono Markus Wolf e hiahia te kāwanatanga he ripeneta ohaoha ka whakaaro te kaiārahi GDR rawa rerekē. Rauemi tohu e ko te take mo te mahue tenei, no te mea kahore te tau o Marcus i mea faufaa, a ki te GDR, i ia he hononga pai. I tua atu ki te rīhainatanga o Wolf i whakatairangatia ana ia ki a Kānara-Tianara.

Ka rite ki matou faataa mua, ka haere ki te penihana, ka hiahia i roto i te tuhi pukapuka Markus Wolf. Der Trojka - tona putanga rongonui, i roto i nei whakataua e ia Stalinism me ki faahiahia pahono e pā ana ki Gorbachev o perestroika. Ko te tino taea ki te kia whakawhirinaki General Wolf, no te mea i matau ia e pā ana ki Stalinism neke atu i ētahi atu. Kua riro tenei mahi rongonui i roto i te GDR kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru.

Te mea faahiahia, te Wolf i muri i te whakaputanga o te pukapuka hei kua tetahi o nga dissidents matua me whawhai mō te anō i roto i te rāwhiti Germany.

Te tangata te kore te Kanohi

"Te tangata kore he Kanohi" - he pseudonym na kua te Te Hau-ā-uru i te ingoa Markus Wolf. Whakaahua o Kanara-General kihai i taea te tiki i te tutei. Ko reira ngā e ia Wolf haere noa huri noa Europe. I te tau 1979 ka rere te kaiāwhina Marcus ki Germany, a tāutuhia tona pai i runga i tetahi o nga whakaahua i tangohia i roto i Stockholm. Maoro, puta tenei whakaahua i runga i te uhi o te makasini.

meka Interesting i te ora o te torotoro

Ka rite mea matou mua, etahi wa i ora ai te matataua taitama i roto i te Soviet Union. Ko te aha reira i huaina ko reira Misha, rite te ingoa Marcus kaha "tapahia" te rongo.

Ko reira ngā e i roto i te tamaiti German kura Russian mahara mo te wa roa. Mīharo, hoki whakauru ki te kura i mahi ia e pā ana ki toru tatini o wetereo, tomaraa me te kāhua hapa i roto i te takinga Russian, a tae noa hoki te take flunked ahau te whakamātautau i runga i ... Tiamana! Tae noa te mutunga o tona ora Marcus noa me kahore te nako korero Russian, a tae noa mohio nga ture takikupu.

Marcus Family. Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora

Kei te mohiotia te reira i e i roto i tona ora i marenatia Wolf wha ngā wā. Ko te ingoa whakamutunga o tana wahine Andrea. a ratou wha tamariki, kotahi tekau ma tahi mokopuna me rua nui-mokopuna. Ko reira ngā e tetahi o nga tama Michael Scout ingoa rite te tamaiti, a ka karanga ia Marcus. pau nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora i roto i te reconnaissance Berlin i roto i te pātū ki tona utuafare. ngaahi ngāue faka'apí i te pātū ni'ai tetahi o nga noho ture mua, e te mutunga riro te melo o te utuafare, e kore te kaitiaki tamariki noa.

I roto i te tau rua, whakamutunga o tona ora pai Marcus ki te akaanga i Hungary me te whakatau ki hoa mua i runga i te kapu o te kawhe. Ahakoa tona tau matatau, i roto i nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora Wolf maha whakaarahia te take, ka tohe i runga i te murunga tonu mō tutei mua. I muri i te katoa, he maha hoa, hoa me hoa i puritia Marcus me i muri i rua-mano nga tau.

tangata ngaro

Ahakoa te ture Tiamana, utua te penihana e te kaimahi maramarama korekore. nga tau whakamutunga rima o tona ora roaa Markus Wolf roto i ngā pukapuka tuhituhi, e kua whakamaoritia ki nga reo katoa o te ao, me te pakipūmeka kiriata me kauwhau tūmatanui. kua whakahuatia fakaangá ratou faahiahia ki whakaaro ki ngā pukapuka i tuhituhia Markus Wolf. whakapono ana ratou e te kaituhi he taranata motuhake o te kaikōrero, Scout. mohio ia me pehea ki te korero i te pono kia muri pānui tonu i atu pātai atu whakautu.

Koinei, i muri i te tuhi Wolf huinga o ngā pukapuka ā-me te whai wāhi i roto i te kiriata o ngā pakipūmeka, tonu tona tuakiri he mea ngaro.

Wolf i runga i Faka'eke'eke

Wolf taa ê e kore anake te taranata ahurei mō te tuhi pukapuka. Kei te mohiotia te reira e mua ki tona whakatānga, i ia te Faka'eke'eke kihai i whakaatu ana hoa, a nga wa katoa ka mau whakahenga te. Kua whakapono tonu Marcus e mahi i te mea e tika ana, kia rite ki te kawenga hoki ratou. Hoki taua parau ti'a i runga i tona whakamātautau whakamutunga kore taitamariki General, ahakoa whiua, engari i whakaritea penihana tika iti.

Ahakoa o mea katoa, ko tonu te wairua o Marcus i Russian. e kore ia mutu aroha ia. Ko reira ki tenei ka ana tona mohio pai o te reo, ahakoa te meka e kua haere maha nga tau mai te wa o tona noho ki reira. Tae noa nga tau whakamutunga o tona ora, auau tae mai General tona tuahine, e noho i runga i te parepare i Moscow, a whakamoemititia te pa Russian.

Ko te haamana'oraa tino oraora

I roto i te uiuiraa i mua tata i tona matenga, ka mea te kairīpoata Wolff e pā ana ki te mau haamana'oraa kānapanapa o tamarikitanga. Koinei, ka mea a Marcus e te hui tino fakangalongata'a - kei te hono i te Young Communist League, me te he puni raumati.

tuakiri nui

ko te tangata whakaponohia Markus Wolf. wehea tau o te whanau me te mate i te waru tekau ma wha nga tau, no te i kitea Markus ia rite te tangata, he kaituhi me te āpiha maramarama ki te reta whakapaipai. Ahakoa nga mau fifi o te ora, whiwhi Wolf pai katoa tau. i mua i Ahakoa tona mate, ko ia itoito mīharo me te tangata pai. He hari ki korero ki te iwi, me te hoatu tohutohu tonu ia. Wolf he whakaaro nui e whakaponohia a taea whakaoti i tetahi raruraru. Kua tonu kua tika, me te ataahua ia. Mīharo, e kore ia hoatu ake ona hoa. tino kua he rota ki te ako i te tangata nui taua.