Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky: biography, whakaaro

Kaimahi o te Siu Ekalesia Russian, Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky ko Ryazan ko e kairīwhi ana Tenens o te Fakapēteliaké torona. whakatika ia whakawhetai ki a Pita ahau, Heoi, i ahau i te maha o tautohetohenga ki te kingi, i te mutunga kino ake ki pakanga. I roa i te aroaro o I hanga tona e kairīwhi ana mate tenens Hinota, i roto i nei tino pehia te kāwanatanga te Ekalesia.

tau wawe

whanau te heke mai tohunga Stefan Jaworski i roto i 1658 i roto i te pa o Jawor, i Galicia. ko ana matua, kaua rawakore rangatira. I raro i nga ngā o Andrusovo te rongo tiriti i roto i 1667, oho ratou ki te mata o te Poland whakamutunga. faaoti Siu whānau Jaworski ki te waiho, me te neke ki Yavor Mauī-Bank Ukraine, i meinga wahi o te Moscow State. tahuri ratou whenua hou Krasilovka kainga tata te pa o Nezhin. Here Stefan Jaworski (i roto i te ao nei, ko tona ingoa Semyon) tonu tona mātauranga.

I roto i tona tamarikitanga, kua kua takitahi oho ia ki Kiev, i reira whakauru ia i roto i te Collegium Kyiv-Mohyla. ko ia tetahi o nga pūtahi mātauranga matua i roto i te tonga Russia. Here ako Stefan tae noa ki 1684. ka whakatata ia te whakarongo o te Metropolitan o Kiev Varlaama Yasinskogo heke mai. I whakanuia te tamaiti pākiki kore anake, engari ano tino aravihi taiao - he mahara putunga me te aro. Ua tauturu Barlaam ki a ia te haere ki te ako ki waho.

Ako i roto i Poland

I roto i te 1684, ka haere Stefan Jaworski ki Rzeczpospolita. haapii e ia ki te kau Sēsutí i Lviv ko Lublin, ka maheni ki te teolosia i roto i Poznan me Vilnius. ka mau Katorika reira anake i muri i haere te pia taitama ki te whakapono Uniate. I muri mai i whakahē tenei mahi e ona hoariri, me te kino-parāhe i roto i te Siu Ekalesia Russian. Na ka Uniates maha pūtaiao e hiahia ana ki te whai wāhi ki ngā whare wānanga Western me whare pukapuka. I roto i a ratou, mo te tauira, Siu Ihowā te Slavonetsky me Innokentiy Gizel.

Ako Yavorsky i roto i te Commonwealth mutu i roto i te 1689. riro ia te pōkairua Western. I roto i te tau i te torutoru noa i roto i Poland ako ia ritorskomu teolosia, stihotvorcheskomu me te toi taumauri. I tenei wa hopea i hanga tona tirohanga ao, i takoto mahi heke mai katoa me whakatau. Kahore he feaa e ko te reira Hare ki te Katorika Jesuit tona tauira mauahara tamau ki te Palotisaní, ki nei ia i muri e mahi i roto i Russia.

Hoki ki Russia

E hoki ki Kiev, whakarerea e Stefan Jaworski Katorika. whakaae te Academy rohe reira i muri i te whakamātautau. tohutohu Barlaam Jasinski Yavorsky ki te tango i whakahau Monastic. I te pae hopea, whakaae ia, a ka meinga e ia he moke, tango i te ingoa Tepene. I te tuatahi ko ia he tauhou i roto i te Kyiv-Pechersk pakiki. A, no te pōtitia Metropolitan Barlaam, i awhina ia tona akonga o ki te riro i te vitiystva kaiako me te kōrero i te Academy. Kei te tere te whiwhi Jaworski tūranga hou. Na roto i te 1691 ka e ia he tauira, me te he orometua o te rapunga whakaaro me te teolosia.

Ka rite ki te kaiako Stefan Yavorsky, nei haurongo i pā ana ki Poland, whakamahia te tikanga whakaako Latin. Tona "mōkai" ko nga poro heke mai, me te kāwanatanga rangatira nui-rangatira. Otiia ko te akonga matua Feofan Prokopovich - te tino hoariri i mua nei Stefan Yavorsky i te Siu Ekalesia Russian. Ahakoa whakawakia i muri i te kaiako i taua ko ia i roto i nga taiepa o te Kiev Academy o horahanga parau haapiiraa Katorika, ko kiko enei tirades. Ko te kaikauwhau kauwhau tuhinga e kua ora ki te ra nei, i reira e maha ngā whakaahuatanga o ngā hapa Karaitiana Western.

Āpiti atu ki te whakaako me te mau haapiiraa ako i runga i te pukapuka i mahi Stefan Jaworski i te hahi. Kei te mohiotia te reira e whakamana e ia te oro'a o te iramutu faaipoiporaa Ivan Mazepa. I mua i te pakanga ki te Swedes tohunga korero pai e pā ana ki te hetman. I roto i te 1697 ka Abbot te teolosia i St. Nicholas Monastery i te koraha e tata ana Kiev. Ko ha ngāue e auraa e hohoro fakatatali mai Jaworski tāone. I roto i te takiwa, i awhina ia he rota o Barlaam, a haere ki ana tohutohu ki Moscow.

tahuri ohorere

I roto i te Hānuere 1700, Stefan Jaworski, tona haurongo taea te faaoti i tata te mahi Ere he tahuri koi, haere ahau ki te pane. ka ui Metropolitan Varlaam a ia ki te whakatau ki a Patereareha Adrian me whakapati i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i tētahi heamana Pereyaslavskaya hou. whakamana Messenger te mahi, engari hohoro i reira ko te hui ohorere e ripeneta ke tona ora.

I roto i te pane, ka mate rangatira nui, me te rangatira hōia Alyaksei Shein. Ia, me ki te Pita taitamariki arahina ahau i te hopu o Azov, a tae noa ka te generalissimo Russian tuatahi. faaoti Moscow e te poroporoaki ki te mea tata tae Stefan Yavorsky. puta Mātauranga me te kaha mo te kauwhau i te tangata ki roto ki te ara pai ki te huihuinga nui o rangatira. Ko tino nui - parau Kiev te āheinga te kingi, e te tino î ki tona aravihi. Pita mahi ahau tūtohu te patereareha Adrian karere Varlaam upoko o etahi pīhopatanga kore matara atu i Moscow. i tohutohu Stefan Yavorsky i te wa o te noho i roto i te pane. i hohoro whakaekea ia he Metropolitan hou o Ryazan me Murom. wā e tatari marama ia i roto i te Donskoy Monastery.

Metropolitan me tenens e kairīwhi ana

April 7, 1700 te Metropolitan hou o Ryazan ko Stefan Jaworski. ka mau te episekopo tonu ake ana mau ohipa, a rere ana ki te take hahi rohe. Otiia ko tona mahi mokemoke i roto i Ryazan poto-ora. Kua nuku 15 mate pakeke, me te ngoikore Patereareha Adrian. whakatata Pita ahau Alexey Kurbatov korerotia ia ki te tatari mo te pōtitanga o te mono. Engari, whakapumautia te kingi he pou hou o tenens wahi. I tenei wahi e patua ana te kaitohutohu ki te hoatu holmogorskogo Archbishop Athanasius. faaoti Pita e kore ia i riro i te tenens e kairīwhi ana, a Stefan Yavorsky. Malanga Kiev karere i roto i Moscow, i kawea e ia ki te paetukutuku o Metropolitan o Ryazan. Na ko reira iti iho i te peke i te tau ki te atamira whakamutunga a ka ōkawa te tangata tuatahi o te Siu Ekalesia Russian.

i te ara meteoric, kua riro te reira i te reira te whakawhetai taea ki te huinga angitu o huru me Charisma teolosia-tau 42-tau. kua waiho tona ahua he tao'a hauti i roto i te ringa o nga mana. hiahia a Pita ki te pehea e o te patriarchate rite tuukino ki te whare o te kāwanatanga. whakaritea e ia ki te whakariterite i te hahi, me te ngohengohe tika reira ki nga kingi. Ko te whakatinanatanga tuatahi o tenei whakahou i tika te faanahoraa te tūranga tenens wahi. Ina whakaritea ki te patereareha, te tangata ki tenei tūnga i te mana nui raro. iti Ko tōna whānuitanga e ka whakahaeretia e te whakahaere pokapū. He mahara ki te āhua o te hanganga Petrine, ka taea e tetahi imi e te whakarite ko mooni he tangata ke tupurangi a ko āta, me te whanga hoki a Moscow i te wahi o te matenga o te hahi tangata.

Whakauaua te kororia rapu ia Stefan Yavorsky. Uniate Ekalesia, i haere mai nei e ia i roto i tona tamarikitanga, a te tahi atu āhuatanga o ana whakaaro taea meinga he pakanga ki te iwi whānui pa. kihai i whakatūria, e hiahia ana te raruraru nui, me te mohio ia e hoatu e ia ki runga ki te "pupuhi" tūranga. I tua atu, i ngaro te teolosia he Māori o Little Russia, te wahi i ia he tokomaha hoa me ngā kaitautoko. Otira ka whakakahore ia i te kingi, o te akoranga, i taea e kore, na reira, ua farii ma te haehaa tona tuku.

Ko te whawhai ki titorehanga

i wenewene ki nga mea katoa Huringa. ka karanga Muscovites Jaworski Cherkasov oblivantsem. tuhituhi te Patereareha o Hiruharama Dositheus ki te Russian Tsar, e kore e tatou whakatairanga Maori maha o Little Russia. kihai i Pita utu tetahi whakarongo ki enei mau faaararaa. Heoi riro Dosifej te pukapuka o te whakapāha, ko nei te kaituhi ia Stefan Jaworski. i mārama rikuri. E kore te patereareha i whakaaro Kievan "rawa haratau" no te mea o tona tahi roa-tu ki nga Katorika, me te kau Sēsutí. kihai i huri whakahoki kupu Dosifeya Stefan. Anake tona mono Chrysanthos faaoti ki te tenens wahi.

Ko te raruraru tuatahi ki i a Stefan Yavorsky ki te kanohi i roto i te ara hou, ko te pātai o te Tuí Old. I tenei wa, horahanga nga kau angatu'u i mātārere i roto i Moscow, i reira i huaina te whakapaipai Russian i Papurona, a Pita - te anatikaraiti. Kua riro te kaiwhakahaere o tenei hui he knigopisets rongonui Gregory Talitskii. Metropolitan Stefan Jaworski (noho Ryazan Tari i roto i tona tiaki) tamata ki riria te pōuri taata hamani. arahina tenei tautohe ki te meka i whakaputaina ara ia tona pukapuka ake, whakatapua ki te tohu o te haere mai o te anatikaraiti. fakae'a te mahi te hapa o schismatics me ratou whawhe o te whakaaro pono.

hoariri Stefan Yavorsky

I tua atu ki te whakapono Old me take whakapono, i haamanahia ki te whakatau i te kaitono mō te whakatū ki Pīhopatanga wātea tenens wahi. takina ana ngā rārangi i ka whakaaetia e te kingi. Anake i muri ka tona whakaaetanga o te tangata tīpakohia te paetukutuku o Metropolitan. hanga Pita he torutoru pauna e tino iti nga tenens wahi. Tuatahi, ko reira te whakatohungatanga o te whare karakia - he hui o kau pīsopé. He tokomaha o ratou kahore i hurio Yavorsky, me etahi ko ana hoariri tika. Na reira, i ia i ia wa ki te tiaki i tona mata o te tirohanga i roto i te riri tuwhera ki ētahi atu hierarchs hahi. I roto i te meka i anake e kairīwhi ana tenens te tuatahi i roto i waenganui, na kihai i taea e tona kāwanatanga haere ki tetahi rite ki nga mana taua o nga tupuna.

Tuarua, ka nui haere a Pita e ahau te mana o te ohu Bureau, te matenga o i whakanohoia e ia tona rangatira nui pono Ivan Musin-Pushkin. I tūnga tenei tangata rite te tenens kaiawhina, me te hoa e kairīwhi ana, engari i roto i te tahi mau āhuatanga, ka te kingi whakaaro tika ai, ka e ia te pai tika.

A toru, i roto i 1711 te mua Boyar Duma i te mutunga rewa a puta i roto i tona wahi te Pule kaumatua. Ana tikanga mo te Ekalesia aifaito ki te kingi. Ko te haamaitairaa o te kaumatua ki te whakatau mehemea te kaitono o te huarahi e whakaarohia ana e te tenens e kairīwhi ana, te wahi o te episekopo. Pita, e piki unu ki te kaupapa here ke, me te hanganga o St. Petersburg kua horo'ahia, whakahaere o te hahi, me te inaianei te wawao i te mīhini kāwanatanga anake rite te parepare whakamutunga.

Case Lutheran Tveritinova

I 1714 i reira ko tetahi take nui i i whakawhānui te hohonu i tetahi taha, o nei i reira nga statesmen me Stefan Yavorsky. kihai i Photos te tīariari, engari tae noa kahore ratou, kua taea ki te whakahoki i te whakapakoko o te whakataunga German hītori hou, rawa tuhituhia i raro Pita I. I roto i ora i te reira kaihokohoko ke, kaimahi me ngā manuhiri te nuinga i Germany. Katoa o ratou i Lutherans Palotisaní ranei. i timata tenei pūkenga Western ki horapa roto i nga tangata Siu o Moscow.

poupou kaha Rawa o Lutheranism ka tākuta freethinking Tveritinov. mahara Stefan Jaworski, nei te tatarahapa i mua i te hahi i maha matahiti i teie nei, te tau pau i muri ki te Katorika me Sēsutí. Hare ki ratou i te tenens nau fehi'a e kairīwhi ana o Palotisaní. timata Ryazan Metropolitan te whakatoi o nga Lutherans. rere Tveritinov ki St. Petersburg, i reira ka kitea e ia he kaikorero me te paruru o te kaumatua i roto i filí Yavorsky. i puta te ture, kia rite ki nei te tenens e kairīwhi ana i ki te whakarerea noatia te hairesi kiia. Head o te hahi, i te nuinga o te wā faaoti ki te kāwanatanga, e kore tenei wa i hiahia ki te Päkehä. rapua ana e ia te Tuhinga tika ki te kingi. kihai i rite ki a Pita te kōrero katoa o te whakatoi o nga Lutherans. whawhati te pakanga nui tuatahi i roto i waenganui ia ia me te Yavorsky.

Na, faaoti tenens e kairīwhi ana ki te whakapuaki i to ratou faaino o tirohanga Porotetani a 'Ofotokisií i roto i te tuhinga roa motuhake. Na, ia hohoro tuhituhi tona pukapuka tino rongonui "te kohatu o te whakapono." Stefan Yavorsky i roto i tenei mahi arahina te a'oraa mua e pā ana ki te faufaa o te tiaki i te turanga tawhito momo o te Ekalesia Siu. I te wa ano i whakamahia e ia te kōrero i he noa i te wa mo Katorika. ki tonu te pukapuka i ki pato'iraa o te Faaapî, e ka taea ana i roto i Germany. Ēnei whakaaro ka whakatairangatia ana te whakataunga Tiamana Porotetani.

Ko te pakanga ki te kingi

ka te kōrero o te Lutheran Tveritinov pere kino, kïia e te pā ana o hahi, me te kāwanatanga, ka mau te tūranga ritenga i runga i te Palotisaní. Heoi, ko nui hohonu te pakanga i waenganui ia ratou, a kei te anake whānui i runga i te wā. faahohonu ia tuhinga roa ka whakaputaina "Stone o Tuí". Stefan Yavorsky ki tenei pukapuka i ngana ana ki te tiaki i to ratou tūranga momo. Kua rāhuitia e te mana tona whakaputanga.

Na, oho a Pita whakapaipai te whenua o o St Petersburg. Ina e oho reira nga rangatira katoa. E kairīwhi ana Tenens Metropolitan o Ryazan ko Stefan Yavorsky noho i roto i Moscow. I roto i te 1718, ka mea te kingi ki a ia kia haere ki a St Petersburg me ki te tīmata te mahi i roto i te pane a hou. meinga tenei riri Tepene. motumotuhia Kingi ana whakahe, a kihai i fakangaloku. Na ka te whakaaro e ia i te hiahia mō te Poari varua.

I whakahau ano ia kitea o te kaupapa ki te hoahoa Feofan Prokopovich - akonga tawhito Stefana Yavorskogo. kihai i kairīwhi ana Tenens whakaae ki ana prolyuteranskimi whakaaro. Hoki i roto i te 1718, kōkiri Pita te whakaingoa o Pihopa Theophan Pskov. tuatahi riro ia te mana tūturu. tamata ia ki te whakahē Stefan Yavorsky. Te tatarahapa, i te tukino i runga i tenens e kairīwhi ana nga te kaupapa o te korero me te hau, horahia e pane e rua. i whakaturia ki ia ake maha rangatira mana te hunga kua hanga he mahi i a Pita, me te hunga i kaitautoko o te akoranga i runga i te haapa'oraa ki te hahi kāwanatanga. Na reira, tamata te Metropolitan o Ryazan ki blacken te ingoa o te momo o tikanga, tae atu mahara tona hononga ki te Katorika i roto i o ratou akoranga i roto i Poland.

Tūnga i roto i te whakamatautauranga o Tsarevich Alexei

Na, i ki te whakatau i tetahi atu pakanga Pita - tenei wa he utuafare. Tana tama, me te kainga, e kore Alexei i whakaae ki te kaupapa here o tona papa, me, i roto i te mutunga, rere ia ki a Austria. I hoki mai ia ki tona whenua. I roto i te Mei 1718, ka whakahau a Pita Stefan Yavorsky ki mai ki St Petersburg ki tohu te hahi i te whakamatautauranga o te rangatira tutu.

Ua faaroohia e mamae tenens e kairīwhi ana ki Alexei me ara puritia i roto i te pa ki a ia. Heoi, kahore taunakitanga pakipūmeka o tenei. I te tahi atu te ringa, kua mohiotia ai e kihai i rite te rangatira te kaupapa here hahi hou o tona papa, a ka a ia he maha kaitautoko i roto i te minita momo i roto i Moscow. I te tamataraa, i te tamata i te Metropolitan o Ryazan ki te tiaki i enei tohunga. He tokomaha o ratou tahi ki te rangatira i te whakapanga o he i, me te mahi i. Stefan Yavorsky whakaawe kihai i taea e ki te whakatau o Pita. ake e kairīwhi ana Tenens ratonga tanumanga Alexei pākarukaru mate i roto i tona pūtau herehere i runga i te mahana o te mahi.

I muri te hanga i te Hinota

He tau torutoru i ako o te pire i runga i te whakatū o te Poari varua. Ka rite ki te hua, ka mohiotia ai rite te Pule Tapu Hinota. I roto i te Hānuere 1721 hainatia Pita te Faaiteraa i runga i te whakatū o te mana e tika ana mō te mana o te hahi. I hohoro oati nga mema o hou o te Hinota i roto i, me i Pepuere, i te timatanga o te whakatūnga o te mahi tūturu. I mana whakakorea te Patriarchate ka mahue i roto i te mua.

Ōkawa hoatu Pita i te matenga o te Hinota o Stefan Yavorsky. I ātete ia ki te whare hou, whakaaro reira he hahi tūpāpaku. e kore nei hoki ia i ki nga hui o te Hinota, a ka pai ki te haina i te pepa i whakaputaina e tenei te tinana. I roto i te mahi o te kāwanatanga Russian kite Stefan Yavorsky ia i roto i te kaha rawa rerekē. Na puritia a Pita ki a ia i runga i nga tūranga kanohi anake ki te whakaatu i te tonu o te whare ōkawa o te patriarchate, mestoblyustitelstva me Hinota.

I roto i te porowhita teitei tonu ki horapa te muhu'i, e pü Stefan Yavorsky. O te tinihanga i roto i te hanga o te ohu Nijinsky me ētahi atu ravea nanakia pēnei ki te Metropolitan o Ryazan reo kino. ka anga ia ki te ora i roto i te āhua o te haere tonu te ahotea i pānga tino i runga i te hauora. mate Stefan Jaworski i runga i Hakihea 8, 1722 i roto i Moscow. Ko nga tau tuatahi me te whakamutunga o tenens e kairīwhi ana o te patereareha Torona i hītori Russian ia. I muri timata tona matenga e rua rau tau o te wā synodal ina kua mahi te kāwanatanga ona wahi o te taero hahi.

Ko te whakarau o te "Stone o Tuí"

Te mea faahiahia, whakaputaina te pukapuka "Stone o Tuí" (mahi e kairīwhi ana tenens matenga o kaituhi) i roto i 1728 ka ia ko Pita, ko kua i roto i te urupa. Ko te mahi, ki te faahapa Porotetani, i angitu faahiahia. Tona putanga tuatahi i hohoro hokona atu. I muri mai, kua te pukapuka i whakaputaina anōtia e rave rahi taime. A, no te, i roto i te kingitanga o Anna Ivanovna i roto i te kaha i te rota o makau, German Lutheran, "Stone o Tuí" i rāhuitia ano.

Ko te mahi e kore anake tino o Porotetani, engari, nui atu, ko reira te pai i taua wa, he te amuitahiraa pūnahanaha o te Siu Tuí. I whakanuitia Stefan Jaworski aua wahi i roto i i rerekē reira i Lutheranism. whakatapua te pukapuka i ki pukahu, ata, me te oro'a o te Eucharist, te whakarerenga iho tapu, ki nga hairesi, a na i runga i. D., no te pae hopea hira noa atu te rōpū haratau raro Erihapeti, "Stone o Tuí" riro te mahi a te Ekalesia Russian minita nui a noho na puta noa i te rau tau XVIII .