Ngā momo o kaipuke: te ingoa ki te whakaahua

I tēnei wā i huaina te kaipuke ko te oko hōia. Taraka, kawe nuinga, kawe nuinga, kaipuke pāhihi, kaipuke ipu, tuatea tio me ētahi atu māngai o te park hangarau o Munuwao ture arumoni ranei i roto i tēnei kāwai e kore e whakaurua. Otiia kotahi, i roto i nga ra wawe o te whakatere, ina kua ki te whakaki i roto i te wāhi ma o tohutohu rere fokotu'utu'u nuinga ki o moutere hou, me te ara fenua te taata, i whakaaro tetahi kaipuke e rere. I te poari i te pū ia o ratou, a ngā te rōpū o hoa pau pai ki te mahi i tetahi mea mo te pai, me te romance o tere tawhiti. I te wa ano, i roto i enei rau tau arepurepu, i reira ko tetahi wehenga ki ngā momo o kaipuke. Rārangi i roto i runga i tāpiritanga hou e kua hanga he rawa roa, na kia tokanga koe i runga i rere. Well, pea ka taea e koe te tāpiri i te tahi mau poti te hoenga.

e hoehoea

Ki te whiwhi ki a ratou - he wahi unenviable. Taua whiu i roto i nga wa onamata tatari kaimahi kino rerekē. A ko ratou i roto i Ihipa tahito, ko Fink, me i Greece. Neke atu i te wa, i reira i te tahi atu kaipuke, engari nga kaipuke whakamahia tae noa ki te anotau Middle. Ko te matua kaha peia ko nga herehere rawa, engari te āwhina ratou ko ētahi wā rā, tika tapatoru ranei tāuta i runga i rua, e toru rewa. Na roto i te paerewa o tenei ra, e kore i nui enei kaipuke, ratou displacement ko 30-70 anake tana, me te varavara nui te roa 30 mita, engari i roto i aua ra e kore i nui te rahi o kaipuke i whānui. noho nga kaihoe i roto i rarangi, kia rite ki ngā tohunga me te hītori, e kore neke atu i toru nga rarangi whakapae. ngā taiwhanga rākau o te riri ballistae me toa te kopere, i roto i ngā rau tau i muri mai, enei rawa hōia, me te kō atu i te pū. Patunga, e ko, tere o kaupapa, te mana e te kaitirotiro, tono manawataki timipera motuhake, me, te mea e tika ana, me te whiu.

Barki

Ngā momo o oko rere, mohiotia matou to'utangata ki torutoru, engari e mōhio ki haere wā rārangi, me kārangaranga mō te ao tonu etahi o ratou. waka papa "Sedov" me "Kruzenshtern" rongoa i roto i Russia. e kore e ēnei kaipuke whakaatu anake te ao tona ataahua, engari wāhi ano hoki ki te mātauranga o kaipuke taitamariki, haere i runga i to ratou mahi i roto i te iho o te Russian Navy.

Na, (mai momo ingoa i te Ara kupu «kiri») te kiri ko te kaipuke ki te maha o pourewa i toru ki te rima. ana rā katoa tika, ki te kahore hoki he mizzen putunga matahao (rewa aft). Pahi - he āhua nui kaipuke, pērā i "Kruzenshtern" kua he roa o e pā ana ki 115 mita, he whanui o 14 mita, he waka o 70 iwi. Mai i hanga ai i roto i tau 1926, ka he whānui kē i roto i tona hanganga reira, me te kaha wae mana pŭpŭ tauturu o tata rima rau watt, utaina ki e rua engines korohū propellers te ware whakaritea. e kore e tere o te kaipuke, a inaianei mea iti, rere te akoranga o te waka papa tae 17 knots. momo Wāhui, i roto i te whānui, he reira tikanga mo te moana kaihokohoko o te XIX rautau - Tukunga o whakauru utanga, mēra me ngā pāhihi i ngā rārangi moana.

Brigantine whakaara ake rā

I roto i te meka, te waka papa ano, ki rua rewa, ka karanga Brigantine. momo katoa o kaipuke rerekē i roto i to ratou whakaaro, me te waka. Brigantines tohaina tere motuhake, me te noho pai. Rere rewa i konatunatua i runga i ra nui (foremast) Tika tonu me matahao ki te grotto. kaitiora kaipuke Favorite o te moana. puna Historical whakahua te brigantine pera-ka karanga "Bermuda grotto", arā, te rere tapatoru, totoro i waenganui liktrosom me te luff, heoi e kore e ai tetahi o nga mema o ora o nga momo whakamanamana ki a ratou. Heoi, he o te moni anake ki tohunga enei motuhake e.

frigates

Ka rite ki puta te kaipuke o te tahi mau momo o manuao, ngaro etahi, i tango etahi i runga i te tikanga rerekē. He tauira ko te manuao. Kua ora tenei ariā nga momo i muri pērā i tama'ii, dreadnoughts , a tae noa tama'ii. Pono manuao hou pakeke hāngai ki te ariā o Soviet kaipuke antisubmarine nui, engari oro reira poto me te hopoia ataahua. I roto i te tikanga taketake, ko reira he oko e toru-masted ki te rahoraho o pū pū 20-30. Na roto i te ara, "frigate" i te rau tau XVII mo te wa roa i honoa te kupu āhua "Dunkirk" tikanga whakamahi maitai i roto i te wāhi motuhake o te whare tapere manuao o te whawhai, i te mea tata ki te Paharamime-de-Calais. E miramira ana tēnei kāhua tere motuhake. Na, ka rite ki te motuhake te pūtoro hua, i huaina ratou manuao noa. Displacement - te toharite mō taua wa, āhua . 800-1000 m te manuao Russian tino rongonui i huaina "Pallas", i runga taua mea i roto i 1855, i hanga ope kororia ki nga takutai o Te Tai Rāwhiti Asia i raro i te whakahau o Admiral E. V. Putyatina.

caravel

"Haere ia rite te caravel ..." - waiatatia i roto i te waiata pakū rongonui. Kinokore ki te tūhura i te momo o kaipuke rere, i mua i te tito tuhinga mō täia heke mai. Ko te moka rangirua te haapoupouraa. hiahia e kore kotiro katoa ki te whakaritea ki te kaha amo, kaipuke nui, me te tika taimaha. Haunga, tiketike whakaweti te ihu caravel, taea hoki te aha e tohu uglyadet houhou.

Heoi, te nuinga i roto i tenei momo o te akoranga, he āhuatanga Urungi pai. Kei te mohiotia e ia te nuinga o te meka katoa i hanga e Columbus tona ope ki nga takutai o te Ao New i roto i toru caravels ( "Santa Maria", "Pinta" me "Nina"). Waho, e taea te kitea ratou i mea tāke teitei (nasal tāpiri-mai), me te rere putunga. Rewa toru jib tika, me te toenga - i te (matahao) rā Latin.

Whāinga - te moana roa me ngā haerenga transoceanic.

Mai i te kupu "caravel" morphologically puta kupu Russian "kaipuke". hoatu te reira i te ingoa me te rererangi pāhihi French rongonui, he tino ataahua.

Clippers

Hoki kauhoe nohopuku, he momo katoa o nga kaipuke. Ingoa o kore e mahara tonu nga marae, engari i reira he okotahi. Mea atu ki te tangata i te kupu "cruiser", a ka ka whakaaro katoa te tahi mea - etahi "Aurora", te tahi atu "Varyag". Mō Clippers Ko kotahi anake kōwhiringa - "Cutty Haka". Tenei kaipuke Ko haere ki raro, i roto i te hītori i te tinana te roa, me te kuiti mo te maha ngā take, engari ko te matua me te tino nui ko te kounga o tona tere. Whakaorangia tea i Haina, hohoro kawea te mēra ki koroni tawhiti, me te mahi i whakahau rawa whakatarapi o te Kuini kua hoatu ki nga Clippers me ratou kapa. Na ratou mahi enei oko noa te ahua o mua, a ka i roto i ētahi wā i muri mai.

galleons

Haere i roto i nga momo tawhito o manuao, e kore e taea e tetahi e wareware e pā ana ki te Armada nui, he tāwhai o te kaipuke o Ingarangi i roto i te rau tau XVI. Ko te wae matua o tenei ope pāharakeke ko he galleon Spanish. Fakatauhoa e kore i taea e te tino i ia, kahore oko e rere i te wa. I tona matua ko te caravel matatau, ki te superstructure iti o te tank (te taua "ng μcrank ake tou ihu" tata kua ngaro), me te tinana elongated. Ka rite ki te hua, kua pai ake tawhito no Norevetia Spanish ātete, whakaiti ātete ki ngaru, me te, no reira, ake i te tere. Kei te pai ake hoki te huri. titiro tata Ētahi momo o manuao XVI rau galleon ki te poto me te teitei rawa (ko reira he ngoikoretanga i roto i taua whāinga māmā ki te patu). Whakaraupapa Utah (superstructure aft) hokona he āhua tapawhā, a ka te waka tikanga atu whakamarie. Ko reira puta te galleons tuatahi wharepaku (wharepaku), i konei te take o te kupu.

Displacement o "tama'ii o te rau tau XVI" hora i 500 ki te 2 mano. Tana. hopea i tino pai, i te whakapaipai ratou e ratou ki whakairo rauangi, ka karaunatia tona ihu i ki te whakairo nehenehe.

kaipuke

He momo o kaipuke nui, i riro "workhorses" hangaia ki te kawe i te whānuitanga o ngā utanga. I roto ia ratou noho he wahi motuhake e te kaipuke. mnogomachtovye reira marae, te āhuatanga i roto i taua i te iti rawa e rua o ratou matahao repo. Ko ratou marselnymi, stakselnymi, Bermuda gaff ranei, i runga i te mea rite te tira rawa ki te wakapū rā rānei. kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e te raina i waenganui i te kaipuke bramselnoy marselnoy rua-masted ranei brigantine, me te rawa herenga. mohiotia ana tēnei momo te i te rau tau XVII. Te nuinga horapa tutuki ia i roto i hoko i te US Navy, i roto i ngā, Wolf Larsen, te huru o Jack London, me ana hunts kapa mō raiona moana kei i runga i te poari. I roto i te whakarite, he uaua atu momo o waka ki te whakahaere (E ai ki a George. London tenei tukanga ara hēramana mokemoke wātea). Nuinga o ngā wā, ko rua- me toru-masted te kaipuke, engari i reira he take ka nui atu maha ko te putunga. whakatakotoria record taketake i roto i 1902, i te mea kua tuku iho te kaipuke ki roto te wai ki whitu rewa ( "rua Thomas Lawson," Quincy wāhi hanga).

Ētahi atu momo o kaipuke

Whakaahua o sailboats, tae ki te hui ao huri noa te ao, whakaputaina i roto i ngā nūpepa, makasini, me i ngā whārangi tukutuku. Taua täia - tonu te kaupapa, e kore te mea rite ki te tetahi atu te ataahua o enei oko. Barki, brigantine, corvettes, frigates, Clippers, kechi, parahutihuti he momo katoa o kaipuke, ora, Waimarie, ki te ra nei. e faaneva tēnei matakitakinga i te ora ia rā, me te e te kaimātaki ki te rau tau whakamutunga, ki tonu i te mōrearea, me te romance o tere tawhiti. Me rangatira tenei hēramana te toi o te whakatere rere, na whakaaro i roto i nga whenua maha, me te whai i rite te pai tatou. Piki te rewa ake, deploying rā a whakahangia ana te hau noa o te moana, he mea ka taea ki te tango i to ratou wahi i roto i te hou whakahaere mamao o utanga maroke, taraka me LINERS ipu balkerovozov. he hēramana taua taea e koe te whakawhirinaki humarie te whakarau o te utanga, me nga ora o nga pāhihi, e kore ia e kore.