Paku i roto i rīwai: take me te maimoatanga

Hakihaki i runga i potato - he mate fungal e pānga te kōpura. kia tukumate kia he roa te wa i roto i te oneone, a ka haere mai huawhenua i roto i kōputaputa patunga iti ranei. hiahia Just ki te mea e taea te kai i te huawhenua pakiaka huaketo, engari te wahi pakaru o te tarai me whiua. Ko te mōrea o te paku ko e koloa, me te reka o ngā huawhenua hinga, hinga taumata o huaora, ngā kohuke me ngā waikawa amino. Ki te te mate o ngā matūkai he 35% -40%, iti te tukua e te hawhe (60% e tutuki -65%, i roto i etahi mate take).

āhuatanga pai mō te whanaketanga o te mate

Ka rite ki ki tetahi mate, puta paku i roto i etahi wā. I roto ia ratou Ko te whai ake:

- te pH oneone o 6.1 - 7.4, arā, te tauhohe ko paku kawakore.

- Temperature 24 ° C - 29 ° C.

- oneone makuku - i roto i te whānuitanga o 50-70%.

- A, no te hanga kotakota me te pungarehu.

- Ki te te oneone tongi whakawairakau. takoto te ati i roto i te meka e maha whakamahia te pakaru anti-paku kōpura ki te whangai kararehe. Hoatu e he tino pūmau te moroiti-kaiao, tika ratou i roto i te wahi kūnatu o te kararehe, me te haere me tona paru. Fertilizing te oneone ki te whakawairakau kia taea meinga contamination atu.

- A, no te he taikaha o maniua hauota, me te konupūmā.

- Ki te kore o te boron oneone, me te konupora.

āraihia atu ki te ārai i te takanga o te paku

He pai ki te ngana ki te waihanga me te mau tonu tikanga i raro i te mea fiemālie te kaihoko pūtake. Otiia, ki te kite tonu koutou i te kōpura iti kiritona koropuku, kia mohio ki te kitea i roto i ki te maka o te paku potato. He tohutohu whānui ki māra e taea whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate:

• Tirohia āta whakatō rauemi. Kōwhiri kōpura nui te taimaha 75-100 g, pretreated ki te otinga o te waikawa boric (10 g i 9 l o te wai).
• whakatō hohonu o kai pakiaka te whakaiti i hoki te mōrea o te paku.
• I muri i te hauhake toenga katoa me kohia (kōpura pahuatia, pakiaka, kakau), me te whakangaro ia ratou.
• kia whakakapia Potato wahi whakatō ia wā i muri i rui pini, e whakarangatira te oneone ki te hauota, me te wharahanga reira. hoki Kūmara ki tona wāhi taketake taea e i roto i 4-5 tau.
• Tirohia te kawatanga oneone (pH e kore e nui ake 6.0). Kore, ka taea e te ahurea patu i te paku potato. maimoatanga e te tikanga matū kahore hua, engari ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mate ko te ohie. Whakarite i te pH kia maniua kohuke (pākawakawa) i raro i te kūmara. Mārama tokanga whakainu hōtaka. Tāpiri kotakota he hāngai anake ka ko te pH oneone i raro 4.9. rīwai mulch Whaihua hinga ngira paina, kia whanariki (2.1 - 3.2 kg ia sq.m.) ranei gypsum (15-20 kg ia kotahi rau mita pūrua).

He aratohu whānui noa enei. nui Māra ki mohio he aha te mea rerekē i runga i te paku potato. kia kia paku rerekē ngā tikanga o ngā āhuatanga aroraa me te whanaketanga, engari i roto i te whānui, whakatau i te ture te raruraru ko te taua.

paku noa

kitea tēnei momo o te mate e atu pinepine atu i ētahi atu. Ko te kaihoko pūtake ko te scabies Streptomyces. Pai tipu i roto i te one, me te calcareous oneone, i roto i te haumākū nui me pota nui o mea waro. Kei te ngāwari tīmatanga o te mate pāngia e te tuwhenua iti, e āta tupu me te mutunga hipoki e te paninga mono-rite.

He paku noa i runga i rīwai kahore he i reira i ngā auroro katoa. Te nuinga kaha wātea i te mate ki te mate e "Berlichingen" me "Priekule" me "Kameraz".

Āpiti atu ki te ture whānui o te whakatō me te manaaki mo te tikanga i reira e he torutoru tāpiritanga. i mua i ki te maka o te paku rīwai, whakahaere maimoatanga ārai o kōpura - tauhiuhia ratou ki te tikanga "Nitrafen" ranei "Polikarbatsin". Tino whai hua i roto i tohe nei i te mate e tauturu te germination o te whakatō rauemi ki te marama. Whakamakuku ahurea timata tonu i muri i te faahohonuraa e o te oneone, me te haere tonu rite te roa rite kore te kātua o te tipu e whakanui i ki 1.5-2 cm i roto i te matotoru.

paku paura

Ko te kaihoko pūtake ko Spongospora subterranea. Whakawhanake i roto i te oneone, ko te mākū rawa. Na kia konatunatua tamâraa o te tukumate kia ake i roto i to ratou ake whenua, me te tae nga pakiaka. Tenei paku i runga i rīwai whakakitea te reira i roto i te puka o ngä kiritona i roto i te hina marama.

kapiti kōpura kiri i te pae o te mate, horahia atu te mate. Kei te whakapono te reira e taua momo rite "Lorch", "yubel", "Cardinal" me "kororia nui" e kore e whakaritea e pāngia e te mate.

Tenei mate potato - paku paura - pānga te pakiaka, me te kātua. E haria ki te mate tuarua i ngingio te mutunga, me te ahua o te pirau maroke nga kōpura. rauemi whakatō i mua i rui puritia i roto i te otinga 40% formalin (ōwehenga - 1: 200) hoki 6-7 meneti, ka hoki hipokina e rua haora tarpaulin.

hakihaki hiriwa

I te tīmatanga, puta nga kōpura parauri ranei pāti iti, Ahakoa ngarahu pango. I muri i te kiri potato tihorenga wahi riro hina.

Whakaaro solani harore Helminthosporium pūtake, e tere whakanoho i te pāmahana o te 19-21 ° C me te 90-95% haumākū.

He mōrearea te mate no te mea makaka te tukua koi. tonu kōpura pāngia ki te ngaro taimaha ara ka rongoa, a taea kitea pokepokea ai hina i runga i te pae o te papaka. More i haria ki te mate loto i onematua me one oneone. I mua i te whakatō i te kūmara maungärongo. kawea maimoatanga hoki i roto i tonu i muri i te hauhake i mua i te rokiroki mā te whakamahi i taero pērā i "Nitrafen", "Botran", "fundazol", "Celeste" ranei "Taituha."

Rhizoctonia paku mangu ranei

Ko te kaihoko pūtake ko Rhizoctonia solani. Whanake i raro i ngā āhuatanga haumākū nui. Ko te tikanga, puta mate ka te mutunga o nga puna, me te ua. faaite te reira iho rite wahi pouri-hohonu sclerotia ranei e whakauaua waruhia atu te mata.

hakihaki Black i runga i potato mōrearea hoki e taea patua reira tetahi germination kōpura. wana enei, mate ranei, ranei puta i runga i te mata o te lesion o horahorangia me rau manehau runga. Best o tukumate katoa mana'o i runga i te oneone onematua.

Tenei Ko tetahi o te kē tino kino o te mate, no te mea momo ātete e kore e tīari reira. E kore e ki te whakaatu paku pango o rīwai, haamata maimoatanga ki waikawa kōpura pērā taka kitakita rite "wāhi", "Planriz" ranei "Bactofit" me te tikanga ano "Fenoram", "Vivataks" ranei "Maxim".

Whakatō Hōhonu: one oneone one - 7 cm, onematua - 8-11 cm o Peat - 12-13 cm e awhi wa taunga toharite ina mahana te oneone ki runga ki + 8 ° C .. ārai te reira i te takanga o te takotoranga ngingio o maniua kohuke, me te organic i roto i pota runga ake i tūtohutia hoki te wahi o te momo.