Peterhof, te papa o runga: whakairo, puna, whakaahua

Peterhof - he park nehenehe ki maha puna me whakairo, kei nei i 29 kiromita i St. Petersburg, i runga i te taha tonga o te Gulf o Finland. I roto i tona whānuitanga, e kore te tenei park tuku noa te French Versailles, te hanahana o te puna taea reira.

Kei te wehea te pāka kia rua nga wahi: Upper ko Lower Peterhof. Ko nui iti ake i te raro, engari e kore e hoki iho ki a ia i roto i te ataahua me te taketake i te papa o runga. Ka taea e tatou te mea e ia o ratou he ahurei, me te ngā i roto i to ratou ake ara. I roto i to tatou tuhinga arotahi tatou te nuinga i runga i te Park Upper. Āwhina i te iti rawa i te iti ki te tapaea papai, i te mea rerekē whakaahua Peterhof whakairi i roto i te tuhinga.

History Park Mātauranga

I teie mahana kingi park ensemble ngā 4 Niniiraa whakapaipai, me te 176 puna ataahua ōrite. A 300 matahiti i teie nei, i reira nga repo anake, me te kei huri noa te kainga. Heoi, i roto i nga 1710s, tukuna Pita ahau he tikanga i runga i te wawe kaha mahi hoahoanga me te whenua. Ngā mihi ki te tokomaha ora tuhinga, pikitia me drawings noa ka tae ki to tatou whakarongo e etahi kaupapa o puna, me te te ariā o te whakamahere ensemble i whānui, me te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha supply wai puritia e te emepera ia.

Na roto i te 1723 kua tino oti te noho whare matua me te ingoa "Peterhof". Ko te whakatuwheratanga o te park, me ki te whakarewatanga o nga whare matua o te puna - Grand Cascade - rite tupu tenei tau. Ko te ingoa "Peterhof" ki te reo Tiamana whakamaoritia te rite "Petrova e kikī." Mai i 1762 ki te karanga ka Peterhof ka tupu te pa ake te whare mo te kingitanga huri noa, me te whare katoa, me te park ensemble, horahia atu huri noa ia. i oti rawa Grand Cascade me rave rahi atu puna ki te wikitoria Russian i roto i te Pakanga Northern, a muri e reira ko te Russian Empire. Ko te whare o te whare taonga, te tuatahi i mahi rite te noho o te Hiha, i tahuri i muri i te Oketopa Revolution.

wā uaua

I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao mo te papa ka haere wā pouri, no te mea i tata rawatia whakangaromia reira te pū hoariri. Heoi, whakahaere whakawhetai ki te tautooraa tata mahulu o nga kaimahi o te whare taonga tata 50 tāurunga, me te e pā ana ki 8000 tūemi o wanihi whare ki te tango atu ara i mua i te mahi Tiamana. Ko reira, o te akoranga, he wikitoria nui o toi, engari, kāore, i te tūemi i i ora, ko te noa he wahi rawa tano o nga taonga katoa o Peterhof.

timata Peterhof ki whakahauora i muri anake i te whawhai, a ka haere tonu te mahi fakafoki mai wā ki tenei ra. I te tau 1945 ka whakatuwheratia te Lower Park o Peterhof. E rua tau i muri mai i anō-tāuta reira me tino anō te rongonui "Hamahona" puna, te jet i te wiwi 20 mita te teitei, me te e, whakawhetai ki tona ataahua maere, kihai i whakangaromia e nga kau Nasí, a ka tangohia anake ki Germany. timata Fakafoki o Peterhof Palace i 1952, a i whakatuwheratia ana fare tuatahi i roto i 12 tau. Tata i te pungarehu whakatika anō Peterhof. Ko rawa hanahana te kitea.

Peterhof Palace

Nui Imperial Palace ko te whare tino nui i roto i te papa Peterhof whakapaipai. tu ia whakapehapeha i runga i te Niniiraa Grand ārahi ki te wāhi park. hanga te whare i roto i te kāhua motuhake o Petrine Baroque, engari i runga i te wā kua tonu reira ki te whakaoti i hanga i roto i te kāhua o matu'otu'a Baroque. I raro i te whare ko te grotto whakapaipai.

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, kua wehea te pāka ki Upper me ngā pāka Lower. Kei Lower Park i roto i te rohe o 102.5 heketea, ka kai ai i te 22-kiromita te wai paipa. noho Kura Park he wāhi iti, engari e kore e hoki iho ki te Lower Park o papai, me te ahurei o ona puna me whakapakoko.

Wae Kura Park

Ko te attraction matua, i te mea rongonui Peterhof, Upper Park, he reira hangarite tino tino. Kei hoki puna symmetrically i te pokapū, ko te "Neptune", "Oak" me "Mezheumny", e rua whakapaipai te toenga o te puna i roto i mua o te taha parirau o te whare. "Neptune" (puna) - he tino o te park, whakapaipai ki te rota o ahurei whakairo wharekarakia.

Tētahi wāhi o te Park Upper - wha mapere whakairo e Italian Dzhovanni Bonatstsa me tāuta konei i roto i 1757. Tenei "Pomona", "Zephyr", "Flora" me "Vertumnus". Ko tētahi atu kari runga kua oti te ki tupu huarahi matomato, e riro i te tae whero kanapa i roto i te wa ngahuru.

Puna "Neptune"

Ka rite ki te hanganga matua o te Park Upper, titiro tino whakapaipai, me te nui atu lahi atu etahi i te puna. "Neptune" - he puna, whakapaipai ki te rōpū e toru-ATE o whakairo, me te tiketike i runga ake i te reira na roto i te ariki te moana, e pupuri ana i roto i tona ringa i te Trident tonu. Mai te taha e wha o tenei turanga hanganga whakaritea ki kopare mea moana i ai patua seti wai.

Rua taha o te turanga ki Neptune e noho ana ki reira i roto i te ringa o nga punua awa. Ko te tino taua turanga whakapaipai ki rupi maha, reliefs me ētahi atu wahi mata, me te tau parahi o te kotiro, me te tamaiti. E tonu Neptune huri kaieke i roto i te hippocampus (parirau moana hoiho), e kiia ana te tiaki i te atua namata, me te tonu tohe i runga i aihe. He aihe i roto i te peihana puna - waru tau symmetrically whakaritea.

I te taha ki te tonga o te puna "Neptune" Ko te wā iti, te kapu e toru i rerenga wai, a mo e reira ko te whakapakoko Apollona Belvederskogo, hanga o te parahi (whakamahia i roto i tona wahi ko te whakapakoko o "Winter" i mata). Na puta "Apollo" me "Neptune" konei e kore e kotahi, engari anake i roto i te 1736. I te tīmatanga, i roto i te ngakau o te takotoranga wai ko reira "Hoko Neptunian", hanga o te mata, Heoi, i muri i te hautoa o, i whakakapi e te hanganga whakairo "Neptune" (hanga i roto i te rau tau XVII i Nuremberg). Na e ka mau te wā tuatahi o te whakairo wahi i roto i Germany.

Ko te hītori o "Neptune"

Creation o te rōpū puna ahurei i roto i te tino pokea ana o te German Empire, ka whakaturia te whenua i rau o urupa ataahua. hangaia e hoki Nuremberg te tahi mea ahurei ki te whakapaipai i te mākete tāone. faaoti puna ki hāngai ki te rangimarie o Westphalia, hoatu he mutunga ki te toru Tau 'War - te kaupapa tino nui i roto i te aamu Tiamana. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i runga i te hanganga o te mahi whakairo o te kaimahi pai i roto i te kingitanga. Punua e tata ana Neptune whakaurua i taua wa awa kore ingoa, me te raima - Pegnitz me Regnitz. I runga i te turanga, ko te tonu tapa'o hakari o Nuremberg, te whare pa me te Chancellor. Just he hanganga whakairo ngā 27 tau.

Heoi, i te mutunga o te mahi ka tahuri te reira i roto i taua i roto i te awa Nuremberg Pegnitz me Regnitz kore he nui te wai mo te mahi o te taua hanganga puna rahi. Na ka i reira ki te wetewete i me te neke ki te wa pera-ka karanga pai. Ka rite ki te hua, tau 130 anake whakairo i roto i te pepa - mana te pa faaoti ki te whakaki ake i tona utu, tona pūtea me te whakaaro i te wa i te kainga ki te torona Russian, peia Paora ki Nuremberg i roto i te haerenga ki Western Europe, ki te hoko "Neptune." Paora, e hiahia ana ki te whakaatu i te momonatanga o te Russian Empire, te feaa-ore, whakaae ki tenei nekehanga e hoko i te rōpū whakairo o 30 000 moni - i taua wa he rota o te moni.

Puna "Mezheumny"

I te tomokanga ki te "Peterhof" (Upper Park), te tonga o te "Neptune" Ko te puna kaukau a tawhio, te whakapaipai ki te whakairo parahi o te tarakona, me te wha aihe. Mai i te mangai o te tarakona tere unuhia jet wai, aihe me te wai pōrutu. Tenei peihana i arahi tuatahi "Andromeda", ka i roto i tona wahi mo te maha o nga tau e kore i tae mai tetahi whakairo, a ko te hua he huinga o te ahua parahi o te tarakona whai parirau. I roto i te hononga ki tenei hanganga i huaina ko te "hinganga" Mezheumny "(ranei" tuatau ").

Otiia tonu te kōrero o te hanganga o te impermanence. I puta ke tarakona ki delfinopodobnuyu whakairo "sterlet", me te mutunga - ki te peihana maka-rino. Kua hoki mai tarakona i roto i 1958, engari i tino hou i roto i tona wahi ia. Na ka maka faahou te tarakona, me nga aihe i te ora torutoru tuhinga.

"Oki" puna

Puna "Oak" o Peterhof kei te i roto i te waenganui o tetahi, ano he poka wai porohita. Ko ia he whetū e ono-oka, i te pito o e he aihe, a i roto i te pokapū - ". Boy ki te kanohi" te tataitia mapere whakairo I te tīmatanga, ka titiro rerekē hoki reira. I 1734, i reira ko tetahi mata, "Oak", karapotia e ono aihe me toru mohoao, engari i nekehia atu te reira i muri i 12 nga tau. I roto i te 1802, whakatūria tenei waiata i roto i te Lower Park.

Otiia i muri i te puna ka tuatahi te ingoa "Oak", ahakoa kahore i reira kahore he "Oak" i roto i te hanganga. Hoki te i roto i te pokapū o te puna i whakairo rakau "Cornucopia", engari hemo reira, a ka pae hopea whakakapi e te "tamaiti ki te kanohi."

atu whakairo

"Peterhof" (Upper Park) he hoki rongonui hoki ona roto matamua - keria he harotoroto tapawha i roto i 1719 ki te whakarato i te wai i roto i te Lower Park. I roto i 1773, i roto i te pokapū o enei mau farii i whakapumautia rōpū whakairo karapotia e aihe o mata. Otira muri iho i nga tau maha, kua hemo ratou, ka kua whakakapi e te seti poutū unpretentious mua. Anake i roto i te 1956 hoki i te harotoroto tapawha te ahua o mua.

I roto i te park Kura taea hoki te kite koe i whakairo o Peterhof pērā i te puna Itari Venus, i te mea he whakairo karapotia e ono aihe. I roto i te whakamārama o te puna, ko te Ekalesia kitea o St. Pita ko St. Paora, i te mea wahi o te Peterhof Palace.

park rongonui

Na ko te tika te mea iti i reira he ki te mohio e pā ana ki Peterhof me ona puna utu nui, me te whakairo i tenei. O te akoranga, i roto i tenei park unbeatable utu toro - ka wheako i te tetahi pono fakangalongata'a. Hoki tukua ki a koutou oaoa i te meka Peterhof he rongonui, photo, e ki te kore tino, engari te tuku tonu te ataahua o te papa ao rongonui.