Pharoah ā: e tenei ariā ko tenei ra?

I roto i te Hononga o Amerika, tae noa tata, i reira ko te wehenga o te taupori ma, mangumangu, me Inia, te Pharoah iwi pera-ka karanga. Kei te pai whakakitea te whakamāramatanga o tenei āhuatanga i roto i ona āhuatanga ture, me te pono.

hītori take

Pharoah i roto i te ture anga i te tau 1865 i muri i te whakakāhoretanga mōhiohio o te pononga i roto i Amerika. Ko te Whakatikatika 13 rongonui opani pononga me i te wa ano ka turetia te oraraa o ngā kura motuhake kiriweti, toa, me ngā waeine hōia.

I roto i te Hononga o Amerika i te timatanga o te rau tau XX hanga he raupapa o ture i runga i Pharoah o Japanese iwi, pērā i "Te Ture ki tutakina Ahia" reira tata e taea ki te whiwhi US raraunga e i whāngai ratou.

Pharoah whare

I roto i te takiwa te wahi e kore kua puta ke te ara o te ora mo te tekau tau, te iwi o Iwi rerekē i ngā selilos i roto i ngā wāhi taratahi i ia atu. Na, i roto i te nuinga o te pa ka whakatika tuatahi Pharoah whare. Aha tenei tikanga e taea te faahoho'ahia e te hi'oraa o New York, i reira puta noa i te hītori o tona oraraa i hanga taratahi Negro, Hainamana, noho Japanese.

Whare Pharoah e maha ngā. Hei tauira, te mātauranga motuhake mō mangumangu me toiwhenua i roto i te United States ake atu i te kotahi rau tau i roa. tangohia te tapui ture tuatahi i runga i Pharoah i roto i ngā kura i roto i te maha āhua US, anake i roto i te tau 1954, a i roto i te ahua o tona ora tahi e te pato'iraa kaha o te taupori ma.

kua Same āhuatanga kino kua he kanga i runga i te mau faaipoiporaa whakauru "ma" a "tae". i tino manuki'i ka whakaweti tamariki i taua mau faaipoiporaa. E mea pinepine e kore ratou e hiahia ki te tango i runga i te whakangungu me ngā kura Negro, me ngā kura mo toiwhenua.

Kēhi Army ...

Ko te pūtake ture o Pharoah i roto i te Ope US i te taumata-ture i whakatakotoria i roto i te 1792. e pā ana ki te Ture Militia pü e mahi taea anake "free tane ma taea-marohirohi." i roto i te tau 1863 anake i whakapumautia ai he tukanga ōkawa mō te kimi o mangumangu. Na mahi awhikaehe i roto i nga wahi motuhake, i reira nohoia ara nga tūranga āpiha te nuinga i ngä kiri mä. E aukatia ratou ki ka tautapa te rarangi āpiha kore-whakahau ano, me te te āpā o mētara me tohu o puta ke.

Whakatika ki te 50-doma o te rau tau XX noho tata tonu te āhuatanga i roto i te ope. ararere motuhake o ngā ratonga, he kanga ki runga ki te whai wāhitanga i roto i whawhai, te aukati i maui taitara - tenei Pharoah katoa ope. Ko tenei āhuatanga kua unconstitutional wā unu, ka reira mārama i muri anake i te whakatamarikitanga o te Ture Civil Rights 1964.

āhua o ngā take o nāianei

noho rawa e hāngai ana raruraru Pharoah me te i ēnei rā. Ko te pūrongo o Ahorangi i University Harvard tuhia, Gary Orfilda 2006 e tata nga whakatutukitanga katoa o te hapori American, kia whakawhetai i unu Pharoah kua ngaro i runga i te tekau tau ka taha. He aha te tikanga o tenei i roto i nga tikanga nei, e mea ohie ki te matau, te tūhura i te mahere, whakaaturia nei i runga i te raupapatanga iwi i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite i te rohe o te noho rānei.

Fakatahataha'i i runga i te pūtake o te raraunga uruwhenua o noho o te maha āhua tatini, whakarato enei mahere i te kanohi ataata o te oraraa o te Pharoah kiritaki nui. I roto i ngā, i te taupori tāone pouri-kiri o Detroit, St. Louis, tonu Birmingham ki noho wehe i te ma.

He hoki te tirohanga ritenga, kia rite ki nei te Hononga o Amerika, ko mārama he au whānui mo te kōmitimiti tahi o te taupori. Neke atu i te te 10 tau kua hipa, kua heke Pharoah iwi i roto i te katoa pa nui US.

Kei te whakapono te reira e te pōtitanga mō te pou o US te peresideni Baraka Obamy African-American whakaaetia ki te whakaiti i te taua āhuatanga whakama rite Pharoah. Tenei āhuatanga i roto i te hapori American tata takatakahia atu, whakaaturia i roto i te economists pūrongo Edvarda Glauzera i University Harvard me Iakova Vigdora o University Duke.

I roto i to ratou ako, tuhipoka reira e i roto i 2010, "ghettos pango" nohoia% 20 anake o te mangu taupori o Amerika, mea tae tenei ahua 50% i roto i te tau 1960. Heoi, ko te tohu o te tuitui i te nui pa US e tonu e kore te taua, me te iwi i roto i Atlanta, Houston, Dallas me te ake integrated atu i roto i New York. O nga pa 13 ki te wāhanga teitei o African Ameliká o New York whakaatu te hiahia iti rawa mo te kōmitimiti "tae". Ahakoa o te ngā katoa hōtaka mateakí, noho tonu te reira tetahi o nga pa tino segregated i roto i te US.