Alija Izetbegovic, peresideni o Pōngia me Herekowina: A Biography

Alija Izetbegovic Ko tetahi o te hunga whika hītori e tu ana i te timatanga o te taketake o te kāwanatanga. Ahakoa te aamu o te ao nei, ka haere ia i roto i tenei raruraru, engari i te wa ano ona tūranga i roto i ngā rohe kaua rangirua. State o Pōngia me Herekowina ko Izetbegovic kore iti rawa au, tona oraraa, engari e hiahia ana matou ki te ako me te tahi atu āhuatanga o te ora o tenei tangata. Na, kia titiro a ki te kōrero haurongo o Alija Izetbegovic.

Ko te takenga mai o te puninga Izetbegovic

Alija Izetbegovic koroua ko te Muslim aristocrat takenga Slavic Izet-inoi Jahic, e noho i roto i Belgrade, a mahi rite te Ottoman Empire. haere te reira i i a ia te ingoa o te peresideni o Pōngia me Herekowina heke mai. Otiia i muri i akina atu te Ottoman Empire ki te ite i te rangatiratanga o Serbia, a i roto i 1868 ki te haere atu i ona ropu, i Izet Bey ki tana wahine, Hanim Turk Sydykov, nekehanga ki Bosnia. Here i roto i Basanski Šamac i ratou e rima tamariki, tae atu Mustafa, papa Alija Izetbegovic.

I roto i te 1878, haere Pōngia me Herekowina rite te vahi i roto i te tāpaetanga tūturu o te Austro-Hungarian Empire, engari Izet-inoi tahi me tona whānau faaoti kore ki te neke i enei wahi. I roto i te 1908, te mapi Austria-Hungary te rohe tūturu. Na ka timata Izet-inoi ki te oaoa i mana nui i roto i te kāinga, e, noa rite ai ia, mo te wahi tino ko Slavic Mahometa. Ka kitea tënei i te meka e i pōtitia Izet Bey tavana i Basanski Šamac.

Aita i maoro roa ka timata te wa tika arepurepu. konohi Serbian, Gavrilo Princip i roto i te 1914 mahia he mahi kaiwhakatuma, patu te Karauna Prince Franz Ferdinand i Sarajevo, pa matua o Bosnia, puritia na te karauna Austro-Hungarian. Tenei meka whakapataritari te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. Izet-inoi te āwhina whakaora e wha tekau Serbs nei i whakatoia e hōia Austria i roto i te hononga ki te take.

ka Tama Izet-inoi me te papa o te peresideni o Pōngia me Herekowina Mustafa heke mai mātauranga kaikaute. I roto i te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau kia rite ki te tangata o Austria-Hungary, whawhai ia i roto i te ope o te kāwanatanga. I runga i te mua Italian, Mustafa i kino i patua, e whakaoho ana i te āhua o te pāpāngia tata, i roto i nei ko ia e pā ana ki 10 tau tau.

Otiia, Ka moe a Mustafa he kotiro, ko Hiba, marenatia ki e aroaro o te whanau o Aliya i whanau ratou tokorua nga tama a tokorua nga tamahine.

Whanau, me te tīmatanga o tau o te ora Alija Izetbegovic

whanau Alija Izetbegovic i roto i August 1925 i roto i te pa Bosnian o Basanski Šamac. I muri kore Fanauhia i roto i te utuafare rahi ana mahi he rawa pai. Tona papa Mustafa ia rave i roto i te hokohoko, engari e rua nga tau i muri i te whanautanga o Alia i, i takoha ia ki te whakapuaki i te kaihau. Ko te tau e whai ake nei oho te whānau ki te pa nui i roto i te rohe - Sarajevo.

Te āhuatanga tōrangapū i roto i te whenua

I ko te rohe o Pōngia me Herekowina nāianei wahi o te rangatiratanga o Serbs, Croats me Slovenes, i hanga i muri i te Pakanga o te Ao e ahau i roto i 1918 i roto i te hanumi, o te rangatiratanga o Serbia ki te wahi Balkan o te defunct Austro-Hungarian Empire, i ngā Bosnia. Ko te uniana i raro i te hepeta o te arii Serbian Aleksandra Karageorgievicha, e, Heoi, i tino curtailed i roto i o ratou mana.

Tīmata i te tau 1921, atu me te ake riro te Kingi te tari tae noa ki wha nga tau i muri i te whanautanga o Alija Izetbegovic (1929) kore kua mahia i te tahuritanga. Ka rite ki te putanga o tenei revolution riro Aleksandr Karageorgievich mana fakatikitató, a kua tangohia te kāwanatanga he ingoa hou - te rangatiratanga o Yugoslavia. Na ka rāhuitia e ia rōpū tōrangapū katoa me whakahaere.

Wehi o hinaaro turai, piki curtailed te kingi nga tika me nga rangatiratanga o tangata. I wehea te āhua ki rohe - wehea ratou Banovina, e kore te mea fakasiokālafi ōrite ki te rohe mua whakapumautia, ki mongamonga. Ko te whāinga Aleksandra Karageorgievicha i ki whakakotahi te taupori rauiwi me maha-fakalotu katoa o te whenua i roto i te rōpū iwi kotahi - te Yugoslavs. Whakatutuki i tēnei, e kore te arii i te vahavaha tikanga ara repressive, e fakanatula meinga inoino i roto i te taupori whānui. Tenei arahina te mutunga ki te kohuru o Kingi Croatian Nationalists i 1934. Kua tangohia e te kāwanatanga hou i te kaupapa here o te maungārongo ki te kimi huarahi Fascist (Tiamana me Itāria).

tamarikitanga

I te reira i roto i timata tenei huru kukū tona mahi tōrangapū o te peresideni o te Republic o Pōngia me Herekowina heke mai. E te wa i kua i whakatau te mahi rōpū. Ahakoa i roto i te tau o rima, piri Alija Izetbegovic te whakahaere "pūāhua fakalotu-tōrangapū Young Mahometa '. Te tau e whai ake nei, ka whakaekea te ope o Nasí Germany Yugoslavia. I mau nohoia te whenua, a reira matia kaupapa whakaoranga pakanga arahina e te monarchist Communist Tito ko Mihailovic. ka Bosnia wahi o te State hou i hanga o Croatia, i ko te amiorangi o Germany.

Ahakoa tenei, i roto i 1943, puta Alija Izetbegovic i te kura nui. I muri i taua, ka tomo ia ki te Kāreti o Agricultural Division. E tenei wa tona mahi i roto i te SS "wehenga Islamic Hazhar '. Otiia hohoro peia nga hōia o Hitler i te rohe o Yugoslavia, me te whenua ki te tautoko o te Soviet Union, ka haere mai nga Kominiusi ki te mana, arahina e Yosifom Broz Tito.

wā dissident

I puta ia i te kāreti Izetbegovic i tuhia ki te ope. He te timata he kuao activists Muslim he whakatö-fakalotu whānui. Hoki tenei, kia rite ki te pai ko te whai wāhi i roto i te rāhuitia e te tikanga hapori o "Mahometa Young" i roto i te 1946, i whiua ia ki te toru tau i roto i te whare herehere.

I roto i te 1949, i tukua Izetbegovic. I roto i te 1956 puta ia i te kōtaha rēhitatia, puta i te Whare Wānanga o Sarajevo. I roto i te taua tau whanau tana tama ko Bakir Izetbegovic.

I muri i tu'ite mahi ia Izetbegovic whakaaro i roto i te maha o ngā kamupene transportation. Heoi, kihai i wareware ia e pā ana ki te mahi tōrangapū, tango kaha wahi i roto i te mahi o te āhua o ngā rōpū Muslim āhua-ture.

pukapuka

I roto i te 1970 whakaputaina e ia "Whakapuakanga Islamic". Ko te whakawhetai ki tenei pukapuka, i matau te ao katoa nei i te Alija Izetbegovic. "Ko e Whakapuakanga Islamic" ka karanga hoki te whakatū o te hapori Muslim i roto i nga Balkans, e he rawa maia i roto i nga mau o te tikanga kominiusi. Ahakoa maha kairangahau hou whakapono te mahi î ki fundamentalism Islamic.

I roto i te 1983, i whiua a Izetbegovic ki 14 tau i roto i te whare herehere mō te ngana ki te waihanga i te whakahaere "Young Mahometa". Ahakoa he i roto i te whare herehere, te whakahaere ia ki te tuhituhi me te tuku ki te i pai ai o tona pukapuka rohe tuarua - ". Ihirama i waenganui Te Tai Rāwhiti me Te Hau-ā-uru"

kihai i taea e tutaki herehere mau i te rere o whakaaro pērā whika rite Alija Izetbegovic. Pukapuka o tenei ahua tōrangapū rongonui i roto i te taupori Muslim o multiethnic Yugoslavia.

wā mo te huringa

Heoi, i te mutunga o te 80-doma o rau XX i roto i te ora tōrangapū o Yugoslavia, me te nga whenua katoa o te puni hapori, i reira kua huringa nui. hei Society kua democratized. I roto i te 1989, i tukua Izetbegovic materoto.

Ahakoa te whenua whakahaeretia tonu te tikanga hapori, engari na taua wa i whakaaetia te pūnaha multiparty. Tenei tukua Izetbegovic rawa tau i muri mai i muri i tona tukunga, ki te whakarite i tētahi ope tōrangapū hou, i riro te ingoa o "Democratic Mahi Party." Faahaereraa i tenei whakahaere, ka ia he mema, me te ka tiamana o te Peresideniraa o Pōngia me Herekowina, i taua wa ko e he wahi o Yugoslavia. I roto i te meka, ka Izetbegovic te matenga o te käwanatanga Yugoslav.

whawhai

I roto i te wawe 90-doma o Pōngia me Herekowina (BiH), me ētahi atu lepupilika o te Yugoslavia vavahiraa, ka reira te scene o te whawhai toto. I te tau 1991 i whakaatu i tenei käwanatanga arahina e Izetbegovic, nei ka mau i runga i rite peresideni, tona motuhake. Ko tenei i te aroaro ki te ngākau nuitanga o Croatia ko Serbia, ko te whakamahere BiH ki wehe a ratou ano.

riro whawhai tauine kino. I roto i tona akoranga, i ara hopukina Izetbegovic, a i roto i te meka riro e te ope Yugoslav, engari i muri mai tukua i roto i te utu mo to ratou haerenga kore utu i Sarajevo.

I roto i te 1995, Mahometa Bosnian, piri ki te ope Croatian whakapangia he hinga nui ki nga mua.

Ko taua tau, i hainatia te Dayton Whakaaetanga ki te takawaenga hohe US i waenganui i nga kau taki o Bosnia, Serbia ko Croatia, i te mea i roto i te meka oti te whawhai Bosnian.

Te Bosnia hou me Herekowina

Te reira i whakatakotoria Dayton te turanga o te pūnaha tōrangapū hou o Pōngia me Herekowina. kua meinga tenei āhua i te kotahitanga de märena arā, o te Federation o Pōngia me Herekowina, Republika Srpska ko District Brcko.

Mai 1996, ka Pōngia me Herekowina he käwanatanga pāremata a whakakahoretia te pou o te peresideni. Ko te āhua whakahoutia Alija Izetbegovic, i whakatairangatia ana ki mema o te Presidium, he ki runga ki taua mea a taea noatia 2000.

mate

mate Alija Izetbegovic i Oketopa 2003 i roto i te pane o Bosnia me Herekowina i te tau o 78 tau. i meinga e te mate e kino raruraru ngakau. I tanumia ia i roto i te urupā i Sarajevo "Kovači".

I roto i te 2006, i puhia e te urupa o te peresideni tuatahi o Pōngia me Herekowina i runga i NANAKIA.

whānau

I marenatia Alija Izetbegovic ki te wahine ko Khalid. Ka rite ki nga haratau Muslim, i puritia ia i roto i te atarangi o tana tahu, e kore ārahi i te ora tūmatanui.

I roto i 1956, i roto i Sarajevo i whanau ia i roto i to ratou faaipoiporaa i te tamaiti anake - tama Bakir. Mai 2010 Bakir Izetbegović ko, rite i mua, tona papa, he mema o te Presidium o nga Mahometa o Bosnia. E ia he tamahine Jasmina, e taka mootua Alia Izetbegovic.

aromatawai te tairanga o te

Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, ko Alija Izetbegovic rawa tautohetia ahua tōrangapū, engari, o te akoranga, i hanga e ia he wāhi nui i roto i te aamu o te rohe e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te aamu o te ao nei kia rite ki te katoa. I runga i te ringa kotahi, he reira i roto i tahi te Ao Tuarua ki whakahaere Fascist, a ka mohiotia rite te nä te Islamic nei ngā mahi taha i runga i fundamentalism. Hoki, ki te whānuitanga nui tona tūranga, Heoi, rite maha atu tau tōrangapū o te wā, hihiri ki te toto te whawhai Bosnian.

I te tahi atu te ringa, he reira te nuinga whakawhetai ki haere mai ana tautooraa ki te marama i te āhua motuhake taitamariki - Pōngia me Herekowina. I tua atu, ko te kaha ki te whiriwhiri i te kounga e whai wāhi ki te mutunga o nga i runga i Dayton me te kupu mutunga te whawhai.