Kiev rangatiratanga: tūnga matawhenua me ngā āhuatanga o te Poari

Kiev rangatiratanga, te tūranga matawhenua o e ka e kōrero atu, roa i 1132 mō te 1471 tau. Tona rohe ngā ngakinga whenua me Drevlyane i te awa Dnieper me ona takoha - Pripyat, grouse, Irpen ko Ros, me tetahi wahi o te pēke maui.

Kiev rangatiratanga: hea, ao

taha tenei rohe whenua Polotsk i te-uru raki, a ko te raki-rawhiti Chernigov. noho tata Western me te tonga-hauauru ko Poland me te rangatiratanga o Galich. Te pa, hanga ki runga ki te pukepuke, i tano kei roto i te hōia. , Kia whakahuatia te reira e kua pai tiaki reira ki te whakahua i te tūranga matawhenua o te rangatiratanga Kiev. Ehara i tawhiti atu takoto te pa tawhito Vruchy (Ovruch ranei), Belgorod, me te Vyshgorod - i katoa o ratou pa kaha pai a mana te rohe pātata ki te whakapaipai, i whakarato atu tiaki ki te hauauru me te taha ki te tonga-hauauru. I runga i te wahi tonga o reira hipoki pūnaha taumaihi whakaturia i runga i nga pareparenga o te Dnieper, me te maha o te pa pai-tiaki i runga i te awa o Ros.

Kiev rangatiratanga: āhuatanga

I raro i te raraunga ki te kia mohio ki te hanganga kāwanatanga rangatiratanga i roto i Rus tahito roa i te 12 ki te 15 rau. Kiev i te whakapaipai tōrangapū, me te ahurea. I hanga e te reira i roto i o ngā wāhi wehea o te kāwanatanga Russian Old. Kua i roto i te rau tau waenganui-12. i anake i roto i te rohe o te rangatiratanga, te kaha o nga rangatira o Kiev hiranga taimaha. i ngaro hiranga katoa-Russian pa, a ka roa whakataetae mo te mana me te mana tae noa ki te whakaekenga Mongol. haere te torona mo etahi tikanga ke, a taea tokomaha o ia titau. A ki te whānuitanga nui fakafalala te taea o te mana i runga i te mana o te rangatira kaha o Kiev me te pera-ka karanga "potae mangu".

te ora pāpori me te ōhanga

Ko te tauwāhi tata ana te Dnieper He wāhi nui i roto i te ora ōhanga. I tua atu ki te kōrero ki te moana Black, arahina ia Kiev ki te Baltic, he aha i āwhina te Western Dvina me Berezina. Desna ko Seim kōrero ki Don me te Oka me te Bug Western me Pripyat - ki te Neman me te Dniester. He ko te ara pera-ka karanga "i nga Vikings ki nga Kariki", i te mea te hokohoko. Nā ki te oneone momona, me te marino o, whakawhanakehia tere ahuwhenua; i tohaina ki kararehe tupuranga, hopu, whai wāhi noho i roto i te hī me te Beekeeping. I roto i enei wahi i wehea hokohoko wawe. "Drevodelie" takaro tino he wāhi nui, me te wā uku me te tanning. Nā ki te aroaro o putunga rino, ko reira taea te whanaketanga o te smithing. kawea maha momo o konganuku (hiriwa, he tine, parahi, mata, te koura) i i whenua tata. Ko te kupu, pā enei katoa te hanganga wawe o te hokohoko me te mahi whanaunga i roto i Kiev, e tata ana nga pa o reira.

hītori tōrangapū

Ka rite ki te mate o te whakapaipai o te uara katoa-Russian, timata nga rangatira o nga kingitanga kaha ki te unga i roto i proteges Kiev - "podruchnik". He tauira i roto i 1113, i roto i nei te kaupapa matua karo tangohia i roto i te riiwhi ki te torona i karangatia e Vladimir Monomakh, rangatira muri whakamahia ki te whakatika ratou matau ki te whiriwhiri i te kaha, me te reka ki to ratou rangatira. Kawanatanga o Kiev, haere tahi nei i te whakaahuatanga o te hītori o te totohe, kua tahuri ki te parekura, te wahi i tukua nga pa me nga kainga nui kino, i pakaru, a horo te iwi ratou i. kite Time te pūmautanga Kyiv i nga wa o Vladimir Monomakh, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich o Chernigov, a Romana Mstislavovicha Volynskogo. Ētahi atu rangatira tere ngā i atu kōrero ki taekore. Kino pakaru rangatiratanga o Kiev, te tūranga matawhenua e taea ki ia tiakina tenei pai mo te wa roa, i roto i te whakaekenga Mongol i 1240.

ta'efā'ūtaha

Ancient Russian State tīmatanga ngā mau iwi. Heoi, kua puta ke te āhuatanga. Neke atu i te wa, ka timata te rangatira rohe ki te kia ngā tika ki te āhua o te Rurik, timata ratou ki te hanga i te kawanatanga, te mana nei i te māngai o te raina teina. Kua tonu kua māvahevahe Zavedonny tikanga o riiwhi. I roto i te 1054 Yaroslav Mudry tīmata me ana tama ki te wehe Kievi rangatiratanga. kua meinga Tākongakongatanga he ngaahi nunu'a mahino o enei ngā. mauähara te āhuatanga i muri i Lyubechenskogo rangatira Cathedral i roto i 1091. Heoi, kua pai ake te āhuatanga whakawhetai ki te kaupapa here o Vladimir Monomakh me tana tama Mstislava Velikogo, e whakahaere ki te pupuri i te tapatahi. kotahi i taea e hoatu ratou ano i raro i te mana o te whakapaipai o te rangatiratanga o Kiev, te tūranga matawhenua i he tino pai mō te korero ki hoariri, a ka pahuatia hoki te wahi tino anake te totohe ā te āhuatanga o te kāwanatanga.

Ki te mate o Mstislav i 1132 ka haere wehewehenga tōrangapū. Heoi, ahakoa taua, tonu hoki te maha o ngā tekau tau pupuri Kiev te mana kore anake o te pokapū ōkawa, engari ano hoki te rangatiratanga kaha tino. e kore e ngaro rawa tona mana, engari kua ngoikore tino whakaritea ki te āhuatanga i te timatanga o te rau tau XII.