Pragmatism i roto i te rapunga whakaaro (W. Hemi, Charles Peirce, John Dewey)

Pragmatism i roto i te kaupapa i reira i roto i te 70-doma o te rau tau XIX, te whakaaro taketake o te rere i hanga e Charles Pierce. whakapono Pragmatists e te kaupapa tino meatanga, mahue atu ona parau tumu niu a takoto ki te whakamahi i ō rātou ake huarahi ki e pā ana ki te ora te tangata. Ko te whakaaro taketake o te rere - te huru mahi ki te ora o te takitahi katoa. Pragmatism i rapunga whakaaro, i roto i te poto, e kore horo'a noho te wa ki te whakaoti rapanga ariā e whai kahore ki te mahi ki te vairaa mau, a ka he hiahia anake i roto i te tangata, raruraru akiaki, me te ki te whakaaro katoa i te hi'oraa o to ratou ake painga. Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te kaiwhakarewa o te kaupapa ko Charlz Pirs. He mea nui ki te mōhio e kore e herea tona ako taumauri anake ki te pragmatism me tona tika. Pearce ta e he tika whakaaro anake mo te hanga o ngā whakapono tauwhiro, e ko he loto mohio ki te mahi i roto i te tahi mau ara i roto i ia take. Knowledge i roto i tona kaupapa - e kore te mea he whakawhitinga i te kuware ki te matauranga, me te kaupapa o te feaa ki te whakapono u tenei. whakapono Pearce e he pono i roto i te kaupapa i ahu mai i te mahi i runga taua mea, hua i roto i te rārangi raro e ōrite ana i te whakapono. Ko te pera-ka karanga "parau tumu o Peirce" tautuhi te pragmatism katoa i roto i te kaupapa, te katoa ngako o te tangata pau te tūturu (mahi) hua e taea te ako i a ratou whakaaro. Hoki i Pierce faaohipa aru e toru whakaaro taketake o ngā wāhi:

• Whakaaro kei te te whiwhinga o te mauruuru hinengaro tuakiri;
• te pono - ko tenei te mea e whakaaturia i roto i te puka o te hua mahi;
• mea - he huinga o hopearaa mahi.

Uilyam Dzheyms, he muimui o nga whakaaro o Peirce ta taua tangata ia kua tona ake rapunga whakaaro. he tokomaha-taha, me tirohanga o ia takitahi o tona ara ake, me te töpü o katoa o enei hua tikanga i roto i te hanga o te tirohanga pluralistic o te ao te parau mau. Pono - Ko e atu mea e tika ana ki te āhuatanga ngā i roto i te ora, me tino ōrite ki te wheako o ia takitahi. hanga hoki Pragmatism rapunga Hemi i runga i te tirohanga o te pono rite te tahi mea he whakatinanatanga mahi. Tona faahitiraa rongonui: "parau mau - ko te kāri nama, i te mea tika anake i roto i etahi huru."

Modern rapunga whakaaro Western pragmatism Dzhona Dyui whakaaro rite ia te mana nui i runga i te whakaako o ūnga US katoa. Tohe Dewey e hanga rapunga whakaaro he hapori manapori. whakawhanakehia e ia te ariā o te rangahau pūtaiao, engari pūtaiao i roto i tona mau haapiiraa - te tikanga e ai tango iwi te mahi tino tika ana. mōhiotanga Whāinga o te ao e taea. Hinengaro - te wawaotanga kaha o te kaupapa i roto i te tukanga rangahau, te whakamātau ki te ahanoa. Ko te whakaaro whakamahia ki te whakaoti āhuatanga raruraru. hanga Reality te i roto i te tukanga o te rangahau pūtaiao. Various hua o te mahi o te hapori (ture, whakaaro) e kore e whakaata mooni, ka mahi ki te whakarato i ngā hua mahi i roto i te āhuatanga ngā.