Purupurua, Inia tupuria ki tipu herbaceous - te pūtake o te hua

Purupurua, puhoi tupuria ki tipu herbaceous i roto i te pūtaiao oneone huaina pūreirei. Mai i te hua o te toko i te ora o te whenua, tei runga i te pae. No miharo noa ka mea a Franklin Delano Roosevelt (peresideni toru tekau-rua o te United States) e te iwi, whakangaro te oneone, te mutunga e whakamotitia iho.

Ko te tukanga o te hanganga oneone: he aha te hua o te rerekē katoa?

Hoki te hanganga o te oneone i runga i te whenua āhuatanga e rave rahi ngā wāhanga. peia tīmatanga whakangaromanga o kamaka i raro i te mahi o huringa pāmahana, te hau me te wai. mongamonga iti i hanga marl - ko te kohuke tuatahi (kiripaka, tenei te wherepāra , me ētahi atu). hoatu ana e ia te whai wāhi ki te noho organic.

ka te ngā tuatahi Kiwa me Aropi, microorganisms. Ratou kaha ki te ora kei te huri i te apa, riro te reira e tika ana mō te oraraa i roto i reira o te tipu teitei. Ko kē te wā i muri ti'aturi i runga i te āhuarangi: te tikanga ake pai (pāmahana teitei, iti makuku, te kore o te huka wā roa-), ka haere te māmā me tere te tukanga atu. Ko, i roto i te tonga oneone e hanga e tere atu i roto i te hunga o te raki. I te pānga o te tukanga oneone-hanga te whenua - e kore e taea e titahatanga e haru tino te makuku, te wai rere iho, stagnates reira: i runga i te matapuna, me i roto i te raorao, ko rerekē te oneone.

Whakarāpopoto, ka taea e tatou te mea e taupoki ana i te oneone rerekē rerekē wāhi i roto i te kakano - i onepu ki paru, i roto i te matū - i podzolic kohuatia ake, te tikanga wai - i pai-taiao ki te taikaha. I roto i ona parakore oneone rite he tino onge puka ngā momoroto i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga taiao.

He aha te mea te ingoa purupurua?

kōtaha oneone (kōtaha poutū) He maha ngā paparanga, ka karanga Horizons. huaina te kahu hua o runga o te oneone (pae) te pararopi, te muri - te whakawhitinga, ko te whakamutunga - oneone-hanga.

Tei te matotoru, me te hanganga (hua) pararopi pae i runga i te heke mai o te ao. Ko tuukino ki te huru oneone pānga tangata noatia - whakangaromia e kainga tano ore o tikanga o te kai oneone ki te hua ultra-tiketike te kahu pararopi ko tona horo. Ngahere me te ahi auau ke te mata o te matomato ao. Hau, me te ua whakaoti i te whakangaromanga.

I te fertility oneone mahi microorganisms ora. I roto i to ratou mahi faufaa e: toenga hua (tarutaru, he tarutaru, rau, manga, harore), kōiwi kararehe (kutukutu, pepeke, huakita, moroiti). Organic me matū pūhui i huaina te pararopi, me te riro i te pae te pararopi. Microflora me microfauna, kaimahi o te mātauranga me te faaho'iraa mai o te oneone momona, ka karanga microbiocenosis.

paparanga oneone momona

Mulch - he kahu tuatahi o te oneone momona.

takoto ana tēnei paparanga i raro o tatou waewae - kōiwi huawhenua me te kararehe. I raro i to ratou apa o pītara ora, he momo o kutukutu, namu, puruhi. kia tae ratou tau e rave rahi taranata ia heketea. Ko tenei katoa he maha nui o mea iti he āhua kaha rawa, neke ratou, kai, uri, fakahoko ururua tangata, mate i roto i te mutunga. Ratou kōiwi decomposed ki te āhua tuatahi. Purupurua, puhoi tupuria ki tipu herbaceous, puta noa i raro i ngā āhuatanga pai.

Vermicompost - he kahu tuarua o te oneone momona.

Kei a ia ko te ora ururua microflora me kahu tuatahi microfaunal tonu ratou, tonu whakato. I roto i te tahi mau vahi he nui te matotoru - ki runga ki te 20 henimita. Vermicompost Ko te reo i roto i nei e kore e nga otaota matekai ngā anake, engari whakaorangia ano (whakawhanake) ratou wātea i te mate.

Heahea parau hohonu (keri) whakangaro apa vermicompost, me purapura ruia muri i tenei tukanga, hoatu tipu memeha noa.

Biomineral (tuatoru) paparanga o te oneone momona.

Purupurua, Inia tupuria ki ngā pātītī, tiaki mulch te oneone i maroke atu i runga i te ringa kotahi, i runga i te tahi atu - ka taea makuku ki tomo hohonu roto. I tenei hohonu e whakawhiti me te whakato decomposed tonu, tahi ki te vermicompost. tauhohe matüora tupu i roto i taua apa, kohikohi tongi biomineral mō te tipu tipu. tomo hohonu nga pakiaka o te tipu ki te oneone (tata kia hohonu rite te teitei te tipu), riro rawaka kai tōtika i tenei apa.

Ko te tuawha kahu o te oneone momona - pararopi.

kaimahi te reira i microorganisms i raro i ngā āhuatanga o iti uru ki te rangi, me te makuku, te hanga pūhui pūwaro ahurei, te hauhā, te mewaro me te biogases combustible. huaina ana tēnei tukanga ko te biosynthesis, ko reira ia te tangata e hanga bioazotnye whakaeminga. Tenei paparanga i runga i te ringa kotahi mahana tipu, me i te tahi atu - te tipu, me te microorganisms me microfauna mimiti hopu hauhā me te mewaro. Ko te kupu i hanga bioazotnye whakaeminga oneone.

Te subsoil, te uku - te rima te papanga o te oneone momona

regulates te reira i te utu o ngā haurehu me te utu makuku i te hohonu o te 20 cm.

Whakarōpū o Russian soils V. V. Dokuchaevu

Vasiliy Vasilevich Dokuchaev (1846-1903), he kaitātai me te oneone kaipūtaiao, hanga he whakarōpū o te oneone Russian. I roto i te hanganga oneone, motuhia atu ia i te whai ake: paru, onepu, one, Peat, kotakota, kohuatia, he one.

paru

Tenei maimoatanga hua, matūkai-taonga, engari uaua-ki-oneone. I muri i maroke, hei ratou rawa mātotoru. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i to ratou hanganga he tika ki te whakahaere i te huinga ā-tau o mehua hangarau: keri, hanga te hōtoke whenua, hamuti, pungarehu, me te Peat.

onepu

Tenei wewete, te wai oneone ngā permeable. E te mauriora ratou i roto i te konurehu me te konupora, rapu ki amo, maniua (i roto i te pota iti) me te whenua kohuatia. Anake i roto i tenei take e taea te whiwhi purupurua rima mano.

onematua

Ko ēnei oneone rawa hua: he breathable i runga i te ringa kotahi ratou, a ki runga ki te tahi atu - pupuri pai makuku. Otiia ki te keri e koe a ratou rawa maha i runga i runga o te kirinuku mātotoru e ārai te tomo ki o makuku.

Peat

E tino ēnei oneone ngaro konupūmā me te pāhare pāporo, iti ūkuikui. Otiia, ki te tāpiri koe onepu, kotakota me te kohuke maniua - etahi wa i muri riro i tuhia ai, me te tino hua rawa te whenua.

kotakota

He tokomaha i roto i Russia taua oneone. I roto i to ratou hanganga - hawhe kotakota, onepu uku okiokinga ranei. pakiaka tipu i roto i tenei take, he wai iti, te tairoiro e te reira i te kirinuku i runga i te mata.

kohuatia

Purupurua, Inia tupuria ki ngā pātītī, - te whakamāramatanga o te pūreirei. Enei oneone i hanga i runga i te wāhi tuwhera nui i St Petersburg ki Kaliningrad me Kamchatka. Makuku me te nui o pātītī wiwi hanga he microclimate motuhake i roto i te paparanga hua, e haafaufaa te otaota i whakatokia i roto i ngā kohuke, me te mea organic rite te pai kia rite ki te oneone mangu. Kua roa ēnei oneone kua whakamahia rite te tarutaru me te hepara ai.

onematua

He ngāwari ki te mimiti makuku, e kore hanga i te kirinuku ēnei whenua. hohoro ratou mahana ake. mahi ahuwhenua ki a ratou - te whakataki o Peat, wairākau me te hamuti.

whakarōpū Modern o oneone

kua Mai te 50s o te rau tau rua tekau kua tāuta te systematization hou o te oneone, tango ki pūkete nga tohu tātaritanga runga i te pūkete o tikanga oneone me nga tikanga taiao o nāianei.

Te whakarōpū hou whakaputaina i roto i te 2000. Kei te karanga a te reira i kōtaha-ira, me te e ki pūkete te hanganga o te kōtaha oneone me ona āhuatanga.