Rangahau Taiao. Engineering me taiao rangahau mō te hanga

Engineering rangahau mō te hanga ko tetahi o nga wāhanga faufaa o te mahi, i te hoahoa o ngā mua. I tenei wā whakatau i tohunga āhuatanga o te whenua, te āhuatanga oneone, te taea o te tono o ngā hoahoa me ngā rauemi. E riro hua whakamutunga ki pūkete te whakawhanake otinga hangarau mō te hanga i whakamaheretia. I roto i te tahuri, rangahau taiao he wahi o te rangahau whānui o te rohe motuhake, me te mahi ano hoki i rite te puna o ngā mōhiohio mō te whanaketanga me te whakamanatanga o te kaupapa hanga. I roto i ngā, he maha nga raraunga o taua rangahau te pūtake o te tuhinga kaiao, me te parukore.

ture ture, me te ture o te akoranga taiao

ture Basic i roto i runga ki i te kitenga mahi haurapa, whakapumautia e nga tikanga o Katikati. Mataotao whakawhanakehia te tuhinga whakaritenga, e taea te kawea i roto i engineering, me te taiao rangahau mō te hanga. SP 11-102-97, mo te tauira, i tātai hoki hoahoa me te rangahau kamupene tono me ngā rōpū e mahi i roto i te mara o te hanganga me te hoahoa.

Ko te ture ture te mahi o nga kamupene hiahia i roto i tenei mara, i ngā o ngā āhuatanga ture, a tū. Mau, kahore he tuhinga tika e mahi ana i runga i nga hua o te rangahau, ka taea ki te whakawhanake i tētahi kaupapa hanga ture mātau kahore kamupene. Ka rite ki te tikanga, rangahau taiao rite ki te hua o te rangahau whānui whakarato ha faingamālie ki te faaineine pūrongo me whakaaro tohunga i runga i te maha o ngā momo o whakamātautau i runga i nga whakaritenga kaupapa rānei. He whakahauanga ki ngā reira me riro kaihoahoa i te whakahaere rangahau te tauturu o ngā āhuatanga huarere me nohanga whakamārama o pollutants. Otiia e kore e te e nga rangahau katoa i kua kawea i roto i roto i tetahi wahi o nga akoranga taiao.

Ko te hanganga o te mahi rangahau

Base mō te rangahau taketake ko nga rauemi whare pukapuka pera-ka karanga me te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o te taiao o te rohe. I roto i te akoranga o ako nga āhuatanga o taputapu whakarite kia whakamahia ai ngā rite, e mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao rite. Hoki, ka taea te hangarau hou ki a koe te hopu momo maha. Tenei rohe ngā rangahau, me te tikanga o ngā rauemi Aerospace, me te whakamahi o multispectral me hihiani shooting.

O te akoranga, nohoia te wahi motuhake e rangahau rangi me te taiao rite te katoa i roto i ngā o te parahanga. I tčnei wā whakahaere rangahau taiao varavara kahore aromatawai o te āhuatanga radiation, pānga kino tinana i runga i te hauropi, tīpako o rangi parahanga, me ētahi atu E ngohengohe ana ki te ako o ngā āhuatanga rerekē i roto i te taiwhanga hoki rauemi Hydrological. He nui hoki te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa whare noho o nga whare, me te hanganga o te hanga whakaurunga hoki tenei kāwai o tātari.

Collection o ngā rauemi mō te rangahau

Mataotao kohikohi rauemi e whakarato mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o te tikanga tūturu o te rohe ki te tirohanga ki te ariā anō, me te tātari. Tika ki te kaihanga o te mōhiohio whiwhi he hāngai i roto i te tata wāhanga katoa o te mahi i runga i te turanga o te hoahoa ki te whiriwhiri o oti te tuanui. I roto i tenei take, e kore katoa ngā mōhiohio whiwhi i roto i te akoranga o ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga hou. kia whiwhi ētahi rauemi i te pūranga o te mana ā-rohe mātau e mahi mahi haumaru. I roto i ngā, kia te pokapū o te rangahau METEOROLOGICAL me tenei aroturuki taiao, me te te turanga o te hoahoa me te rangahau whakahaere rohe.

Ki te whakaaro ki ngā hua rangahau hou, te engineering me rangahau taiao whai wāhi te kohinga, te tātari, me te ako o nga wāhanga o te taiao tūturu rohe. Ko ētahi o ēnei oneone, whenua, zoogeographic me ētahi atu tuhinga e whakaatu nga āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga o te wāhanga tūturu ngā wāhi motuhake.

ngā kitenga ara

Ko te tikanga kitenga ara mua nga momo matua o ngā mahi rangahau mara. I te wa ano, engineering me rangahau taiao i tenei wā tahi e te wetemunatanga tepu whenua-tohu, tae atu ki te whakamārama o te takitahi ngā āhuatanga whenua, te aroturuki i hua me whakatikatika ki te whakatika. Ko te mahi matua o te kitenga ararere ko ki te whiwhi tawhā ine, me te kounga, me ngā āhuatanga o te wāhanga o te tikanga taiao rohe.

I roto i tenei wahi o te raraunga i kohia i manawa whenua me te wai mata, te taiao arowhenua o te huru oneone, te kararehe me te tipu ao, awenga horonga, me ētahi atu Ano, kia ngā rangahau taiao o tenei ahua te whanaketanga me ngā wāhi whakamatautau. Mahi bypassing wāhi ki te haere o poma, landfills, tāke ero, tāke rokiroki me te tahi atu puna pea mōrearea o te parahanga.

arearenga

I tenei wā o tata engineering, me te arowhenua tikanga o te whenua. Composition tātarihia me te tohu o te uruhanga o te oneone, toka te uiui e, ka manatoko e te aroaro taea o ngā wāhanga wai-ātete, me te kōrero inu i waenganui i nga wai mata, me te rere aquifers.

I tenei wā, ngā āhuatanga kitea o te rangahau, e ūngutungutu arowhenua me rangahau taiao rohe. Kairūri whakahaere oneone kōwhiringa, te wai raro, me te oneone ki te whakatau i te hanganga matū me ki te tautuhi i te ihirangi o ngā huānga e hiahiatia. Tonu arearenga kei i runga i whakaühia e tango i te whanaunga tūnga hāngai ki te huānga rohe geomorphology.

Oneone rangahau taiao

Ka taea te kawea ako oneone i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko te whakaaro o te rangahau, ko te ki te whakatau me pehea e pā te hanga kaupapa te ngahere me te whenua ahuwhenua pātata ki te pae whare. Ano tango i te oneone e taea te kawea i roto i mo te tātari atu mo te taea o noho i te pae tanú mō rokiroki ururua. I roto i te rerekē, ka taea te kawea rangahau taiao mo te hanganga o te rangahau oneone i mo te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa whenua ranei wāhi ngahau.

Ko te tawhā tuatahi me nga raraunga o ngā momo oneone kua oti te whakarite i runga i te kohinga, me te taiwhanga tātaritanga o rauemi kohia. Ano, e kore te mea e tika ana ki te kohikohi tika tauira ki te pae o te hanganga heke mai ranei whakanohonga o te tahi atu taonga. Practice me te tātaritanga o ngā tauira, e te hunga i te tikanga o te cadastre rohe.

Aromatawai o ngā tukanga tinana kino

I roto i te ako o ngā wāhanga hei tauwehe contamination kukū motuhake whakamahia, e tāutu ana i te huru taiao o te rohe. No te pārongo whakamārama i runga i te taumata-rohe o te contamination kia tīpakohia ai tauira oneone hāngai kei waho te rohe kapinga o nga mahi horonga rohe. E ngā kai me ngā āhuatanga motuhake i roto i ngā kohi i roto i te engineering, me te taiao rangahau mō te hanga. SP 11-102-97, i roto i ngā, meinga nga tauira papamuri tīpakohia i te taha Windward i roto i te hanganga ture ki te tawhiti i te kainga. I tua atu, kua ki te kia kei i te iti rawa 500 m i te huarahi i te wāhi kōwhiringa.

mutunga

Ahakoa te arotahi kuiti o rangahau taiao, meinga ratou hei wāhi nui ki te heke mai o te hoahoa me te hanganga i te wāhi ngā. Tei runga i te āhuatanga hanga o te ahanoa, ka taea e tikanga whakatau i te āhuatanga o te rohe i te maha o ngā paearu. Mahi me rangahau taiao whānui, e ai kia utu a tawhio noa 10-15 mano. Miria. Ko te pai tenei kōwhiringa, ki te e whakamahere koe i te hanga o te whare tūmataiti ranei wāhi ahumahi. penei ka te rangatira e taea ki te arotake i kore anake te huru taiao o te rohe, engari ano hoki ki te kohikohi mōhiohio i runga i maatauranga wai, te oneone me te rauemi arowhenua. Ko te kounga o te mōhiohio riro tei runga i te mātau o te whakahaere kirimana ki te ruri mahi.