Russian pehe Futurist. Silver Age Futurist

Na roto i te mutunga o te tekau tau tuatahi o te rau tau 20 i roto i Western Europe te horahanga i te aronga Onaianei hou ki te korero i huaina "Futurism" (whakamaoritia i Latin - "te heke mai").
Kei te whakaaro te reira ki te hei i te tupuna o te kaituhi Italian Filippo Marinetti, kauwhautia i roto i 1909, te oti te whakangaromanga o nga uara katoa whakapumautia ahurea me ngā tikanga i roto i te ahua o te ao. Engari o nga kaitito Futurist utuhia ana whakarongo kaipānui 'ki te ora nohopuku vitiviti o tenei ra, a ka pai ki te kōrero atu e pā ana ki te heke mai. E whakatakotoria nga tikanga nui katoa i roto i te Faaiteraa, te kaituhi o te tuatahi o ratou, ka timata ki Marinetti.

Te hanga i tētahi toi radically hou ko te mana'o taketake o nga Futurists, e rua i roto i Europa, me i Russia. Kua tautokona kaituhi i muri toi e kua riro hei pūtake mo te whakapakoko tangata i roto i te pokapū o te neke whakamua o te ao, taipe kanohi rite te tokomaha nui o āhua āhuahanga.

Āhuatanga lyrics Futurists

Ko te hero o nga mahi hou o te aronga Five and Seven - he noho o te pa hou, me ona auaretanga, nui-tere, rota o taputapu, me te Electrification, ārahi ki ake tino rahi o te ora. Lyrical "ahau" futurists rapu fefeka ki te tiki atu i te mua puāwaitanga, whakakitea nei i roto i te pakirehua ngā kore e e manako ki nga ture o te wetereo, hanganga kupu me te hototahi wetereo o kupu. Ko te whāinga matua whaia e te punake futurist - kawe tou huru, me te māramatanga o te mea kei te tupu a tawhio noa e tetahi tikanga e tika ana mo te tangata.

Hanganga o Russian Five and Seven

I roto i Russia, tīmata te au hou ki te tango i te āhua i roto i te tau 1910. Ko te wā tenei ka te taonga rongonui, he maha kaitito o te hiriwa Age. Futurists hohoro ngā aro. I tua atu ki te puka toi motuhake o te irava (i roto i te tikanga katoa), e whakatairangatia ana te reira na roto i te meinga kupu hahani i roto i te iwi whānui me te haerenga i runga i nga pa nui rawa o Russia.

Futurism Russian, i roto i te rerekē ki te Pākehā, e kore i heterogeneity oti, me te rerekē. I waenganui i whakarōpūtanga Five and Seven ētahi wā kitea rawa he tautohetohe e mura. He kua take haere te wahi i nga kaitito Futurist i tetahi rōpū ki tetahi. Otiia whai tonu nga angitu nui e rua pokapū o tenei au: Moscow ko St Petersburg.

Huru-Futurists

I roto i te raki kaitito whakapaipai innovators i roto i te tau 1912 ka huihui ratou a tawhio noa Ivan Ignatiev. Nō ratou te huru-Futurists ratou, i te tikanga "e ahau -. te heke mai" Kua riro te tūranga ārahi i roto i tenei porowhita Ikoa Severyanin (Lotarev), i te mea he tau mua whakaraupapahia nga āhuatanga matua o te ingoa taketake me te aronga hou i roto i te whiti. I roto i tona whakaaro, "te huru katoa-kaha" riro te ope i te aroaro o e tetahi mea e taea e tu. ko reira ia, e kore e Nireaha ki Tuhinga, i tae ona whakanui mutunga, riri, i roto i te whakaaro o kaitito, ko reira te täkupu e tika anake.

Kaiwhakaputa "karanga Petersburg" ko te atamira i nei i punake Futurist. Lyrics o rerekē ngā kupu hou, me te urutaunga ki te reo reo ke Russian, pai Tiamana, me te French ataahua. Ka rite ki te hua, riro auaha huru-Futurists huru, faaite iti ahua ki te faufaa ai'a o ratou ritenga Italian, e tu ana i te takenga mai o te au Five and Seven i roto i te tuhinga.

"Gilea"

Ahua rerekē i St Petersburg i ngā o ngā waiaro ki whakaahuatanga o mooni Moscow kaitito-futurists. tīmata te rārangi ki o ratou tuakana Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov. totohe ratou i te "e ahau" māia atu "tatou" ka karangatia e ratou Cubo-Futurists. tüäpapa wä hoki ratou i ki ngā "Gilea", i hanga i roto i te 1910 i roto i Moscow.

mahara ratou ona pakiaka, me te whakapehapeha kakahu te ingoa "Russian Futurists". tamata kaitito pakeke ki te wehe ia ia i te hoa Itari, ko Khlebnikov noa whakaekea ki te hoatu i te aronga o te ingoa hou - "budetlyanstvo" e e te haapapu i ona motuhake, me te individualism. I reira whakaputaina te reira i te Faaiteraa kinotia ia "papaki i roto i te mata o te reka tūmatanui", ngā tonu te aro o te intelligentsia Russian katoa. I aru tenei e mahi mīharo me whaikōrero, i roto i nei ohorere kaitito Futurist te whakarongo ki tona ahua, me te rutaki (whakaaro Mayakovsky ki tona koti rongonui kōwhai kaitito ranei mata peita). Kaki titiro te whakaputanga o ratou whiti, manifestos, ngā hōtaka, me te tāngia ki runga ki te pepapātū tawhito, na i runga i te pepa tākainga, a kahore tonu i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaora moni. Te tangata riri ta'etoka'i oti mō te ngā tikanga tuhituhi me te hanga o te kupu rerekē, me te ara tino rereke o whakahōputu kuputuhi, engari, kia e rite ai i te reira, katoa tenei muri whakaratohia "heahea" (rite e maha ratou ka karanga i roto i te hapori) he taitara nui, me te pai-tika ana o "kaitito o te hiriwa rau. " Futurists "galea" pai te tūnga i roto i te tuhinga Russian, ka whai wāhi ki tona whanaketanga me te whakapai ake.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

na pinepine korero e pā ana ki te māngai tino rongonui o te Futurism Russian - rohi pehe-orurehau me te tutu. I te timatanga o te wā 1912-1914 kiia ara auaha Mayakovsky. A te reira haumaru ki te mea e te whakaaro o te ahunga Five and Seven i hanga reka rerehua o te rohi pehe, ka takoto tona whakarau i roto i te tuhinga. I roto i te pia ma, he tokomaha i whakaae e Mayakovsky - pehe Futurist, rite āhuatanga e wetereo rerekē o tona mahi, he ahua o te kupu, kupu hanga he nui o manatārua, whakarite nga auheke. enei āhuatanga katoa o te kāhua toi o te rohi pehe i ratou pakiaka i roto i te mahi wawe, karanga, me te karanga. A i muri i te tekau tau ki tona ingoa te matua e pā ana ngā mahi o te Futurists.

Ētahi atu ngā Five and Seven

I roto i te tau 1913 ka mau te reira āhua "raua pakihi o Poetry" (B. Lavrenev, Shershenevich) me "Lyrics", i nei wehea te tau i muri mai "centrifuge" (Boris Pasternak, N. Aseev) (i ētahi wā ka karangatia e hoki futurists o te huihuinga tuarua). Ko te rōpū tuatahi whakamararatia kaua hohoro. hāngai "centrifuge", i roa noa 1917, i runga i te whakarerenga iho tuhituhi matarohia, pararopi te whakakotahi ratou ki te auaha pohara. Heoi, ka ko he nui kaitito pai-mohiotia ki te kahore he pai tenei. Boris Pasternak, hei tauira, hohoro te whakaneke atu i tenei rohe, me te kua riro wahi i roto i te tuhinga o te whiti motuhake.

kaitito Famous o te hiriwa Age Futurist

Rārangi o rangatira o te kupu, kua tonu i te tetahi he wā o ana whakaaro auaha o te Five and Seven, ko tino whānui. Whai wāhi i roto i te mahi o etahi o nga Futurists ko poto-ora, ētahi i noho i roto i te anga o te aronga, puta noa i te mahi. Tenei ko nga māngai tino nui o ngā rōpū kua tīpakohia.

Cubo-Futurists:

• Burliuks - kaiwhakatū;
• Khlebnikov - Fakamānava'i;
• Mayakovsky - te tuakiri tino kōhure nei mahi muri haere tawhiti tua atu aronga;
• Kruchenykh.

"Centrifuge":

• N. Aseev,
• Boris Pasternak,
• S. Bobrov.

Huru-Futurists:

• Kaiwhakatū - "Kingi o Poets" J. raki,
• S. Olympus
• Ivanov,
• M. Lokhvitskaya.

"Raua pakihi o Poetry":

• Shershenevich,
• S. Tret'yakov,
• R. Ivnev.

Rubezhnoe te Pakanga o te Ao Tuatahi, me te Revolution

1913-1914 tau - i tenei wa te tihi o te kororia, i tae nga Futurists Russian. Kua pai mohio kaitito i roto i nga tuhituhi o katoa, whakaritea he maha nui o ngā whakaaturanga, ngā kauhau, ahiahi whiti. I roto i te 1915, kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te "mate" o Futurism, ahakoa vai te "centrifuge" mo neke atu i te 2 tau. E rongo Tuhinga o whakaaro pohara, me te i muri i te revolution 20 tau: i te timatanga o te tekau tau - i roto i te mahi o kaitito i te rōpū o te Tiflis "41o", a ka i roto i te irava oberiutov mua. Kei te tonu mātātoa te whai wāhi ratou i roto i "whakapai ake" o te reo, te huri ona wetereo, syntactic, pūnaha whakairoiro.

hononga hinengaro Russian ki Futurism

Ko te putanga o te aronga hou, me ngā mahi faahiahia o ona māngai i unu whakarongo o te intelligentsia Russian. He maha ngā tauākī whakahē i roto i te mahi rongo ano ki punake futurist. mohio Rārangi fakaangá Whakatuwhera ai i symbolist Bryusov. Ko te ingoa kino "innovators" hoatu e ia faaite ratou i roto i ara maha, "namahia i te Italian", me te huru tōraro ki te tuku iho o te ahurea Russian. Heoi, tuhia e ia te witi kouma i te mahi o Moscow me St. Petersburg futurists a faaite te tumanako e taea e ratou "tupu ki te puawai." Ko te huru matua - tango ki ki pūkete te wheako ngā o te Symbolists.

Tōraro mohio a rohi pehe hou Ivan Bunin ko M. Osorgin, uglyadevshie i roto i to ratou mahi, me te whanonga o te hooliganism. Gorky, i roto i te rerekē, ka kite te putanga o nga Futurists i tuhinga Russian i roto i te mo'oni wā, me te hāngai.