Takenga Social o te tangata, me te toenga o ngā ngākau nuitanga o ngā rōpū pāpori i roto i te whanaketanga pāpori

Natural me ahurea oraraa tangata e wahi anake i roto i te pūnaha pāpori. Ko te whakamutunga, ko te he katoa whakahau, tae atu e rua takitahi me ngā rōpū pāpori i ngā hononga rerekē me te whanaungatanga. No ki te rōpū taua te ngā i matau reira rite te takenga pāpori. I tua atu, ko te tangata i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga pāpori, rauemi, tōrangapū me te wairua o ona oraraa, te hanganga, me te mahi, te tikanga kei te i huaina te taiao pāpori.

He te pūnaha pāpori ona ake ture motuhake i raro i nei mahi reira me whakawhanake. Ko te pūtake o ēnei ture i runga i te ngā i waenganui i takitahi. Buber whakaarohia ki te karanga i te reira i te pāhekoheko o "ahau-koe", whakapono Maks Veber e hanga reira whanaunga pāpori katoa, Pitirim Sorokin ko Yudzhin Habermas whakapae i reira te ariā o te kōrero. whakaaro Dzhon Mill e hoki nui papamuri pāpori he wāhi i roto i tenei pāhekoheko, no te mea, rite ki te tikanga, to tatou ki te mahi ki nga mahi me nga hiahia o te iwi no ki akomanga pāpori rerekē.

Elements o te pūnaha pāpori tuatihia e te whatunga o whakahau me te pūmau here o te hanganga i huaina pāpori. Kei te meinga te reira e ngā āhuatanga - tenei wehenga o mahi, a pāpori takenga o te iwi no ki ngā rōpū rerekē me te akomanga, me te whawhai mo to ratou ake ngākau nuitanga. rōpū Own pāpori - te hapori ngā pūmau o te iwi ki ngā ngākau nuitanga noa, wawata, ngā uara, me tikanga o te whanonga, me te hanga i roto i tetahi he wāhanga hītori o te whanaketanga o te hapori. Hei tauira, i roto i India tahito, i Varna taua rōpū. hapori kaihe, e hāngai ana i runga i te wehenga ōrite, i mahi rite te tauira ki Platon, e whakamoemiti ia i roto i ona Kōrero "Ture" me "I kāwanatanga."

Ko te rapunga whakaaro o te kāwanatanga, i haruru mārama tuatahi tautuhi rōpū pāpori, no ki Thomas Hobbes. I roto i tona mahi "rewiatana", ka mea ia e tito hapori te o te maha etahi o te iwi, piri e ngākau nuitanga noa pakihi ranei. tohaina whakahau reira me rōpū tē raupapa, me te rōpū ki te tūmataiti tōrangapū ranei.

i akina atu e te nui French Revolution me tona Waikato philosopho ki rethink te tūranga o taua rōpū akomanga ranei i roto i te tukanga o mua. Te nuinga o nga kōrero Ingarihi - to'utangata o aua ngā - whakaaro nga rauhanga revolution me coups, faanane te akoranga noa o ngā. Hegel mooni pakipaki te revolution, e mea ana e tuku reira kahore takitahi raima, me te waitara me tauturu hanga hapori ā-.

Tenei huru ao o ngā hītori, whakaurua i te kāwai o te kāwanatanga, iwi, me te etahi ako na matenui hītori me philosopho o te rau tau XIX Pākehā, ka anga ratou katoa ki te ngaro te anaanatae i roto i te mau ohipa takitahi. wairua National, te pakanga piha haapiiraa, mai i te iwi ranei o te iwi, me ponana o ngā kapa whanaunga tūmatanui nui kua meinga te kaupapa matua o te taupatupatu taumauri. Ko Rawa whakapeka te pātai o te mea paearu whakatau te no ki ngā rōpū pāpori. Ki te whakaaro economists Ingarihi taua paearu ōhanga me te tōrangapū, Marx - whanaunga taonga o nga tikanga o te hanga, Gumplowicz - koiora me te iwi, Cooley - te utuafare, me te hapu, ka pera i runga i.

Ko te hanganga hou o te kaupapa pāpori hoki ngā te whakaaro o ngā rōpū pāpori me ngā akomanga, engari i roto i te rerekē tikanga. Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira te ariā o "reo" me te "piha haapiiraa waenganui hou" (kroner, Arona, Myers), me "te raupapatanga pāpori" (Sorokin). Ko te ariā whakamutunga tautuhi te āhuatanga me ngā paearu o te raupapatanga o te hapori ki ngā rōpū, pērā i mahi, moni whiwhi, te mātauranga, hinengaro, whakapono, me te pera i runga i.

Heoi, he nui atu ahua atu ngā rōpū tikanga me ngā akomanga striations no te amo ratou i te pāpori nekeneke poutū me te whakapae rite i waenganui i nga rōpū me i roto ratou. tāutuhia Maks Veber taua āhuatanga nui o te hanganga whenei rite te mana pāpori, me fakato'u'osi e hanga rite te waehere o mahi me te ahua, rite pai rite te mana, mana'o etahi tūranga pāpori.