Voluntarism. He aha te mea i roto i te tōrangapū, hinengaro, me te rapunga whakaaro?

Voluntarism. He aha te tikanga o tenei? Iritihia i te kupu Latin voluntarism (voluntas) - ko te ahua o te mahi tōrangapū o te kaupapa, e hāngai ana nei i runga i nga hiahia me ngā wawata, a ka waihotia nga ariā whāinga o te ora tōrangapū. Voluntaryists whakaaro tukanga kaupapa here o te mau faaotiraa māhorahora kahore e i hāngai i runga i te hōtaka o ngā mahi.

Voluntarism - he aha te mea te reira? Tenei he angamaheni hoki kaitōrangapū ki te kaupapa rārangi o te whakaaro me te mahi, e ahu ana ki te fakapulipuli'i i runga i tika, engari te nuinga roaahia'tu ariā. Ko tenei te take mo te voluntarism rite te kaupapa here, ko te materia whakawhiutanga ki kōmitimiti tōrangapū me te whakatōpū, a i roto i te whānui ko te kaha haamou.

He aha e te kupu "voluntarism" i roto i te poritita?

Taketake voluntarism tōrangapū i whakatau waho o te whanaketanga pāpori. Otiia nuinga i roto i te hoko o te iwi, ngā rōpū pāpori me te whenei o nga mahi o ngā kaitōrangapū me te kāwanatanga ko nga pakiaka o te rere pērā i voluntarism. He aha te mea ki te kore tenei te faaiteraa tino o feliliuaki matatika, e hāngai ana i runga i te pae morare e tau'atāina o te tangata? Ko te wā "voluntarism" i tuatahi whakahuatia e te tēnehi sociologist Tiamana i roto i te rau tau XIX. Ko te whakaaro o matatika voluntarist hoatu mua mua. Ka rite ki nga ngā whakahēnga te whakanui ake i waenganui i te takitahi me te hapori, hei māramatanga o voluntarism kua atu noa.

Ko te kupu "voluntarism" i roto i te hinengaro me te rapunga whakaaro

Tenei au i roto i te kaupapa me te hinengaro hoariri timatanga ngakau o take me nga ture whāinga o te natura, me te hapori. I roto i te meka, kerēme voluntarism te motuhake o te pai ai te tangata i te mooni, idealizes te tūranga o te tuakiri i roto i te aamu, a pehea pānga ki te ao huri noa ia tatou. Ka taea te takina te whakaaro o te rere i te anotau Middle. Otiia puta te ariā o "voluntarism" i roto i te hinengaro anake i roto i te mutunga o te rau tau XIX, whakawhetai ki a W. Wundt - German kaimātai hinengaro, rata me te physiologist.

Ko nga momo e whai ake nei o te voluntarism i hinengaro:

• iti āhukahuka o te meka i te pai ai, ko te qualitatively tītohunga ahurei i roto i te tahi atu tukanga hinengaro;
• kī e hāngai ana e katoa i runga i te pai ai o te tahi atu tukanga whaiaroaro, me tītohunga voluntaryism - e rite ka tohu te reira i te kaha tuatahi, e tei anake ki runga ki te kaupapa, me te he kore pūtake whāinga.

Supporters o voluntarism

E ai ki te kaupapa German me hinengaro Wundt, faaite take hinengaro i roto i te mahi volitional, ngā i roto i apperceptions. Tohe philosopho me kaimātai hinengaro James e whanonga tangata he kawenga i roto i kore ara e tika ana ki te whakatau hinaaro. whakaaro kaimātai hinengaro German H. Münsterberg e ka taea i runga i te toenga o te tukanga hinengaro. E tautokona ana whakaaro, me te tahi atu kaimātai hinengaro Western o te wā. kihai ratou i mutu ki te kauwhau te mea he tūturu i roto i te kaha o te tangata ki te whiriwhiri i ratou ake whakaaro, me te ara ki te whakatutuki i te reira. I roto i tenei take, te kaimahi voluntarism rite te pānga o te mahi, i te mea i muri te mahi o te āhua i te pae varua motuhake.