Tātaitanga o turanga. Tauira o te tātaitanga o te turanga puranga, tokotoko, hanga tīwae, nukurau, papa. Tātaitanga o te turanga turanga: he tauira. turanga tātaitanga o te atahanga: Tauira

Mā te tikanga paerewa whakahaere whakamahere me te tatauranga nga turanga, he tauira o te tātaitanga o te turanga ki te faaohie i te tātaitanga. I runga i te kupu tohutohu i homai i roto i te tuhinga e taea te karo i hapa i roto i te hanga o te hanganga tīpakohia (hanga tīwae, puranga, tokotoko momo papa ranei).

turanga hanga tīwae

Hei tauira, te whakamahi i hanga kotahi-papa ki te tawhā i roto i ngā o te 6x6 m, me nga taiepa o te cm rakau 15x15 (taimaha o 789 kg / m³ rōrahi), whakapai ia i te taha ki waho o te pukapuka o te mātao ararewa. Pōtae hanga te whare e o raima: tiketike - Whānui 800 mm - 200 mm (papatipu rōrahi o te rauemi raima - 2099 kg / m³). Kei te hāngai te reira i runga i te whakapakaritia raima kurupae wāhanga 20x15 (mahi rōrahi w / w - 2399). Ko te taiepa i te teitei o 300 cm, me te tuanui ūkui kitea e rua rōnaki. Cap me ruma i hanga o papa whakarite i runga i nga kurupae ripeka 15x5 wāhanga, ka kiriweti ki te huruhuru kohuke (papatipu mātao nuinga ko te 299 kg).

E matau nga paerewa kawenga (Katikati), ka taea e tika te kawe i roto i te tātai o turanga. Tauira tātaitanga o te turanga e āhei ki a koutou te mahi hohoro tātaitanga mo te whare o tona ake.

kawenga tikanga

• I te plinth - 149,5 kg / m².
• Ko te tuanui - 75.
• Täkupu mō te wāhi hukarere uta i roto i te ropu waenganui o te RF i 99 kg / m² ki te faatura ki te rohe tuanui (wāhanga whakapae).
• I runga i ngā tuaka rerekē kawe rerekē kawenga pēhanga.

Pressure i runga i ia tuaka

tohu pau o pikaunga hanganga, me te ture e faati'a ai tika tātai i te turanga. Kei te hoatu tauira o te tātaitanga o te turanga mo te haratau o kaihanga tauhou.

Ko te pēhanga hoahoa o "1" tuaka me "3" (taiepa whakamutunga):

• Mai i te īnaki taiepa roko: 600 x 300 cm = 1800 cm². whakanuia ana tēnei ahua e te matotoru o te īnaki poutū o te 20 cm (ki tahua mō mutu waho). Whiwhi: 360 cm³ x 799 kg / m³ = 0,28 m.
• Mai i te kurupae mata: 20 x 15 x 600 = 1800 cm³ x 2399 ~ 430 kg.
• Mai i te turanga: 20 x 80 x 600 = 960 cm³ x 2099 ~ 2160 kg.
• Mai i te potae. Tatau te papatipu tapeke o te īnaki katoa, ka e 1/4 wahi o reira.

Rangitaki ki taha 5x15 whakanohoia katoa 500 mm. Ko to ratou taimaha 200 cm³ x 800 kg / m³ = 1600 kg.

He mea tika ki te whakatau i te taimaha o te papa witi me te ruruku ngā i roto i te turanga tatauranga. Tauira o te tātaitanga o te apa turanga tohu te matotoru mātao o 3 cm.

Ko te rōrahi Ko 6 mm x 360 = 2160 cm² cm³. I tua atu, whakanuia te uara e 800, he nui katoa ki te 1700 kg.

Mineral mātao huruhuru he matotoru o te 15 cm.

tohu rōrahi rite ki te 15 x 360 = 540 cm³. A, no te whakanuia e te kiato o 300,01 whiwhi 1620 kg.

Tapeke: 1600,0 + 1700,0 + 1600,0 = 4900,0 kg. wehea katoa e 4, whiwhi tatou 1.25 m.

• Mai i te tuanui ~ 1200 kg;
• Mai i te tuanui: te papatipu tapeke o te rōnaki (1 / 2kryshi) tango ki pūkete te papatipu o kurupae tuanui, me ūkui kuaha pae kupenga - 50 anake kg / m² x 24 = 1200 kg.

(E hiahiatia ana ki "1" tuaka me "3" te ki te kitea 1/4 wahi o te katoa pēhanga ki runga i te tuanui) täkupu mō pikaunga o ngā hanganga hanga tīwae taea te tātaitanga o te turanga puranga. He tauira o te hanganga i raro i whakaaro he pai mo te hanga o te rongoā.

• Mai i te turanga (600.0 x 600.0) / 4 = 900.0 x 150,0 kg / m² = 1350,0 kg.
• Mai i te tuanui: 2 nga wa iti iho i te i te potae.
• Snow: (100 kg / m² x 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 kg.

I roto i te whakarāpopoto: whanganga te whakarāpopoto kawenga hanganga o 9.2 tana, te pēhanga ture - 4.1. I ia uehā "1" me te "3" i ki te uta i pā ana ki 13.3 m.

pēhanga whai kiko axially "2" (rārangi roa tau waenga):

• Mai i te inaki taiepa rangitaki, te kurupae mata me te mata o te plinth uara kawenga rite o "1" tuaka me "3": 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 kg.
• O te potae, me te tuanui, i ratou tau rua 2600 2400 = 5000 kg.

Kei raro pikaunga ture, me te tatauranga o te turanga turanga. Whakamahia i roto i te tauira ngā uara āwhiwhiwhi:

• Mai i te turanga: 2800 kg.
• Mai i te tuanui: 1400.

I roto i te whakarāpopototanga: te katoa taupū pēhanga whai hua ko 10.5 t, loadings normative - 4.2 m "2" tuaka i te taimaha o e pā ana ki 14700 kg ..

Pēhanga ki runga ki te tuaka "A" me "B" (te raina hake)

E hanga hāngai tātai i runga i te taiepa roko taimaha hanganga īnaki randbalok me pōtae (3, 0.5 me te 2 m). Ko te pēhanga ki runga ki te turanga o enei taiepa e: 3000 2000 + 500 = 5500 kg.

Tau o amo

Hei whakatau i te maha o pou i roto i te wāhanga 0.3 m, whakaaro te resistance whenua (R):

• A, no te R = 2,50 kg / cm² (mehua maha whakamahia) me te whanau rohe hu 7,06 m² (mo te tapatahi, te tango tātaitanga uara iti - 7 m²), he tohu o tetahi tīwae mau ana te kaha ko: P = 2.5 x 7 = 1 75 toni.
• Tauira o te tātaitanga o te ātete oneone turanga hanga tīwae R = 1,50 e te puka e whai ake nei: F = 1.5 x 1.05 = 7.
• A, no te R = 1,0 āhuatanga e kotahi tīwae kaha kawenga p = 1.0 x 7 = 0.7.
• Ātete oneone waiwai 2 nga wa iti iho i te kuputohu iti tepu uara ko 1.0 kg / cm². I te hohonu o 150 cm, te toharite ko te 0.55. Ko te kaha te whanau o te tīwae he P = 0.6 x 0.42 = 7.

Hoki te rōrahi 0.02 raima m³ tīpakohia te kāinga e hiahiatia ana.

wāhi i whakanohoia

• I raro i te taiepa tuanui: haere nga raina o "1" me te "3" ki te taimaha o ~ 13.3 m.
• Tuaka "2" ki he taimaha o ~ 14,700 kg.
• I raro i te taiepa tuanui o te toki "A" me "B" ki te taimaha o ~ 5500 kg.

Ki te hiahia koe ki te tātai i te turanga atahanga, e hoatu he tauira o nga tātai me ngā tātai mō whare nui. kahore e ratou whakamahia mō ngā wāhi tapa tāone. utua ngā aro te ki tohatoha taimaha, e titau tātaitanga tupato o te maha o amo.

Tauira o te tātai i te maha o tīwae hoki momo oneone katoa

Tauira 1:

R = 2,50 kg / cm²

Hoki papa taiepa me te tuhaa o "1" me te "3":

13.3 / 1.75 ~ 8 amo.

E ai ki te "2" tuaka:

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 RW.

Te taha i te wāhanga "A" me "B":

5.5 / 1.75 = 3.1.

Anake e pā ana ki 31 tīwae. Rōrahi rauemi raima whakaatu ko 31 x 2 = 62 mm³ cm³.

TAUIRA 2:

R = 1,50

Na roto i te "1" me te "3" ~ 12 amo.

E ai ki te "2" tuaka ~ 14.

Te taha i te wāhanga "A" me "B" ~ 6.

Tapeke ~ 50 nga wahi. Rōrahi rauemi whakaatu raima ~ 1.0 m³.

TAUIRA 3:

Kei raro, ka taea e koe te ako e founga tatou tātai i te turanga nukurau. Kei te hoatu tētahi tauira mo te whenua ki te tepu taupū R = 1,0. E te reira i te puka e whai ake nei:

Na roto i te "1" me te "2" ~ 19 RW.

I te taiepa "2" ~ 21.

Te taha i te wāhanga "A" me "B" ~ 8.

Tapeke - 75 amo. Rōrahi taupū o te rauemi raima ko e pā ana ki 1.50 m³.

Tauira 4:

R = 0,60

Na roto i te "1" me te "3" ~ 32 RW.

E ai ki te "2" tuaka ~ 35.

Te taha i te wāhanga "A" me "B" ~ 13.

Tapeke - 125 pou. Rōrahi taupū o te rauemi raima ko e pā ana ki te 250 cc.

I roto i te tātai tuatahi e rua e tāuta pou kokonga i te pūtahitanga o te toki me te rārangi wä roa - ki te taua te ware. I raro i te basement o nga taiepa mutunga o nga pou e maka i roto i whakapakaritia kurupae formwork mata raima.

Tauira №3 runga rīpeka tuaka whakaritea i runga i te tīwae 3. He maha rite o turanga whakarōpūtia taha te "1" tuaka, "2" me "3". ka karanga i roto i nga kaihanga o tenei hangarau ko te "rakau". I runga i te "rakau" motuhake hiahiatia te ki te whakatū i te noa w / w headroom-mōkihi turanga ki atu tona whakanohonga i runga i nga pou, e kua kei i runga i te toki "A" me "B" randbalok.

TAUIRA №4 taea i te pūtahitanga, me nga wahi ahopou o te rārangi (1-3) hanga "rakau" o 4 amo ki te tāuta anō te mutunga ratou taiepa, grills. I a ratou whakanohoia i raro i te plinth o te kurupae mata.

rīpene turanga

No te whakarite, i raro tātai te turanga Unuhia. homai tētahi tauira i roto i te tirohanga o te waikeri 150 cm hōhonu (whanui - 40). ki tonu te teihana e ki te ranunga o te onepu 50 cm, te atu whakakiia ana ki te raima ki te tiketike o tetahi mita. E titau te reira te whanaketanga o te oneone (1800 cm³), whakapanga te hautanga one (600) me te raima (1200).

Mai i te turanga 4-hanga tīwae tangohia hoki whakarite te tuatoru.

whakamana mahi borer i runga i te rohe o 75 cm³ ki hangaruatanga oneone 1.5 mita pūtoru, ranei 12 wa iti (whakamahia te oneone e toe ana ki te backfill). Ko te hiahia i roto i te ranunga raima - 150 cc, ranei e pā ana ki 8 wa iti, a i roto i te hautanga one - 100 (te hiahiatia ai raro te kurupae tautoko). hanga turanga Tata tūhura rua e taea ki te mohio te āhua o te oneone. Na roto i te raraunga ripa 1 me 2 tīpakohia te resistance.

Nui! Ka tukua nga rārangi raro o enei raraunga ki te kawe i roto i te tātaitanga o te turanga papa - Whakatakotoria he tauira mo momo oneone katoa.

Ātete oneone one

Ripanga. 1

Oneone ātete ki te tïpako, kg / cm ³

hautanga onepu	Ko te taumata kiato
	matotoru	Sredneplotny
nui	4.49	3.49
Central	3.49	2.49
Iti: malovlazhnogo / mākū	3-2,49	2
Puehu: malovlazhnogo / mākū	2,49-1,49	2-1

Ripanga. 2

Ātete paru oneone

oneone	taumata porosity	ātete oneone, kg / cm 3
		totoka	ngāwari
one	0.50 / 0.70	3,0-2,50	2.0-3.0
one	0,50-1,0	2.0-3.0	1,0-2,50
paru oneone	0,50-1,0	2,50-6,0	1.0-4.0

papa turanga

I roto i te wā tatau tuatahi pereti matotoru. Tangohia te papatipu o te hawhe-wāhi, e ngā te taimaha tāutanga, ngohi te me anō kawenga. E ai ki tenei tohu me te wāhi pereti tātaitia te i roto i ngā o te pēhanga o te wāhi i runga i te whenua, kahore he turanga taimaha.

Tatau papatipu e hapa te paraharaha ki te pēhanga tomu'a ki te oneone (onepu pai ki tenei ahua ka kia 0.35 kg / cm², he kiato toharite - 0.25, pakeke me te kōngohe one one - 0.5, he uku mārō - 0.5 me te drapable - 0.25).

Ko te rohe o te turanga e kore e nui tikanga:

S> Kh × F / Kūpā × R,

te wahi S - nga turanga o te kapu;

Kh - whakarea ki te whakatau i te tika o te tautoko (ko reira 1.2);

F - te katoa taimaha o nga mau api katoa;

Kūpā - whakarea e whakatau nga tikanga o te mahi;

R - ātete o te oneone.

tauira:

• papatipu Free o te whare - 270 000 kg.
• Tawhā i roto i te mahere - 10x10, ranei 100 m².
• Oneone - makuku one 0.35 kg / cm².
• Ko te kiato o te raima whakapakaritia ko 2.7 kg / cm³.

papa paraharaha, Taumaha lags e 80 t - ko te poraka 29 o ngä raima. 100 waharoa, hāngai tona matotoru ki 29 cm, na 30 tangohia te.

Ko Tapeke taimaha pereti 2.7 x 30 = 81 ton;

Ko te papatipu tapeke o te whare ki te turanga - 351.

Ko te pereti e te matotoru o 25 cm: tona papatipu ko 67,5 m.

Whiwhi 270 + 67.5 = 337.5 (pēhanga whenua o 3,375 t / m²). Ko rawaka hoki te whare raima aerated ki tenei sima kiato kōpeketanga V22,5 (tohu pereti).

Hanganga atahanga Whakamārama

takoto kau MU e tango ki pūkete te tere hau me te rohe o te whare, i hanga te pānga. hiahiatia whakatika atu te, te kore te huru e whai ake nei:

MU = (Q - F) * 17,44

F - ara kaha o te mahi hau i runga i te tuanui (i roto i tenei tauira ko reira 20.1 KN).

Q - tātai iti kawenga asymmetrical (i runga i ngā mahi huru ko reira rite ki te 2785,8 kPa).

I roto i te tātaitanga o nui nga tawhā ki te whakaaro i te wāhi o te whare, te aroaro o te otaota, ka whakatūria he maha o whakaaro. utua nui aro te ki te rangi, me te āhuatanga arowhenua.

Kei te whakamahia te tau i runga ake mō ngā mahi maitai. Ki te tika, tūtohutia hanga whaiaro-hanga te ki kōrero ki te tohunga.