Hauora, Tohu
Te aromatawai i te whakawhanaketanga o te tinana i nga tepu taura. Ko te raraunga anthropometric e tika ana hei aromatawai i te whanaketanga tinana
He rerekē ia tamaiti - te reira kahore ngaro. Heoi, i reira he tohu e tamariki i roto i etahi rōpū tau kia hāngai ki ngā paerewa toharite. tauturu i ēnei tawhā te tākuta te tautuhi i te raruraru pea i te whanaketanga tinana, me te hinengaro, me te ki te amo i te aroaro o tetahi mate.
Te aromātai o te whanaketanga ā-tinana o te tamaiti - he kau tino nui mo nga kaiwhakaako katoa me o te akoranga, ngā mātua. E tohu enei unahi, te aromātai katoa me tepu i roto i te ora o te tamaiti, me te haere mai ratou i te wahi?
tamarii fanau
A, no te whanau te tamaiti kei te anake, ia riro tonu tona aromatawai tuatahi. E ai ki te score Apgar i te meneti tuatahi, me te rima o te neonatologist ora o te tamaiti e te nui etahi o ngā. Mai i enei whika e rua tei reira ki runga ki ranei e noho ia ki tona whaea, Me ia tiaki atu hauora, te pātai o te werohanga tuatahi ranei.
Kid ki te tau
I muri i te tamaiti, ko te kotahi marama, toku whaea i ki te kawe i te tamaiti ki te tākuta tamariki mō tikanga ngā. puta tenei kia rite ki te hōtaka, ka tohu te pēpi:
- kotahi marama;
- e toru nga marama;
- e ono nga marama;
- e iwa marama;
- kotahi tekau ma rua nga marama.
I roto i enei tikanga tika he aromatawai o te whanaketanga ā-tinana o ngā ripanga centile. tuhi hoki te tau, ka timata te tamaiti ki te malimali, te wa tuatahi noho iho, tu ake, ka mau ana takahanga tuatahi, ka mea te kupu tuatahi rite teething taea. whanganga:
- Taumaha.
- roa te tinana.
- Rōrahi paenga / upoko.
- rahi uma.
- Te pāmahana te tinana.
- rahi fontanelle.
I runga i te pūtake o enei raraunga, me amuamu o te whaea pea, kia tonoa e te tamaiti mō whakamātautau atu fariiraa tohunga ranei. I roto i te tahi atu wā, he kōeke whanaketanga tinana o tepu centile. E whakaaro tonu te whanaketanga Normal o ngā ripanga raraunga ki te kia patua i roto i nga huarahi waenganui, e ko i te whānuitanga o 25-75 ōrau. Ko kia hoki whakawhanake rawa tikanga te tamaiti, ki te te raraunga i runga i nga tohu katoa kei roto i te whānuitanga taua, i runga ranei i raro toharite (i roto i tenei take korero tatou e pā ana ki te āhuatanga tinana).
tepu Centile mō tamariki ki runga ki te tau
Ki te whanganga i te tipu ake o te tamaiti ki te tau i roto i te whare hauora i runga i te poari motuhake ki rohe. Ko tētahi o ratou aki ki te matenga o te tamaiti ki tetahi - waewae.
tau | tupu tamaiti | ||||||
Centile wā% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
tamarii fanau | 46, 5 | 48 | 49, 8 | 51, 3 | 52, 5 | 53, 5 | 55 |
1 | 49, 5 | 51, 5 | 52, 7 | 54, 5 | 55, 5 | 56, 5 | 57, 5 |
3 | 55, 5 | 56, 5 | 58 1 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 64 |
6 | 61, 5 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 68 | 69 | 71, 5 |
9 | 67, 5 | 68, 2 | 70 | 71, 5 | 73, 2 | 75 | 79 |
12 | 71 | 72, 5 | 74 | 75, 5 | 77, 3 | 80 | 82 |
tepu Centile mō tamaroa e te tamahine i roto hoki ngā taipitopito o te rahi matenga o te tamaiti. ōritengakore paerewa o tenei tawhā ko te take ki te tonoa te tamaiti ki te toketā neave.
tau | Ko te paenga o te matenga o te tamaiti | ||||||
Centile wā% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
tamarii fanau | 33 | 34 | 34-35 | 35 | 35-37 | 37 | 37, 5 |
1 | 34, 5 | 35, 5 | 36, 5 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40, 5 |
3 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 40, 5 | 41, 5 | 42, 5 | 43, 5 |
6 | 41, 5 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 45, 5 | 46, 5 |
9 | 43, 5 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 46, 5 | 47, 5 | 48 |
12 | 44, 5 | 45, 5 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48, 5 | 49, 5 |
Āhuatanga e pa ana i te whanaketanga ā-tinana
Ko te hauora tinana o te tamaiti - ko te tohu matua o te āhua o tona hauora. Tei te reira i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga:
- ngā takiwā makariri;
- whakapapa;
- mana;
- taumata o te rauemi pai-oranga o te whānau;
- haapa'oraa o te ra;
- o ngā mātua ki te tamaiti;
- huru hinengaro i roto i te utuafare.
Hiahiatia ana raraunga anthropometric mō te aromatawai i te tupu tinana o ngā tamariki i muri i te tau
I whakaritea e o-tinana whanaketanga o ngā tamariki i muri i te tau e tika ana ki te āhuatanga e whai ake:
- tohu Somatic (taimaha i kg, tiketike i roto i cm, pouaka paenga i cm).
- tohu Somatoscopic (āhua o te integument kiri, kiriuhi mucous, te whanaketanga o te ngako subcutaneous, te whanaketanga o te pūnaha musculoskeletal, te taumata o te whanaketanga fakasekisualé).
- tohu Fiziometricheskie (uaua kaha, kaha pūkahukahu, te pēhanga toto, auau pini).
- hauora General (mate whakawhitia, te aroaro o mate mau).
Tikanga ki te aromatawai i te whanaketanga ā-tinana te tino papa'iraa, no te mea anake e tango inenga i raro i te taua tikanga, me te taua taputapu, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki te taurite tonu me te tika o ngā hua rangahau.
tohu somatic
I whakaritea e o te whanaketanga ā-tinana o te tamaiti maha e wahi e whai ake: tohu somatic o te tamaiti ngā whakaritea te ki tepu centile rite ki tau me te ira. Me pēhea e enei tepu titiro hoki tamariki, ka taea e kite koe i raro.
tau | tupu tamaiti | ||||||
Centile wā% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
2 tau | 81 | 83 | 84, 5 | 87 | 89 | 100 | 94 |
3 tau | 88 | 90 | 92, 5 | 96 | 100 | 102 | 104 5 |
5 tau | 99 | 101 5 | 104 5 | 108 5 | 112 | 114 5 | 117 |
7 tau | 111 | 113 5 | 117 | 121 | 125 | 128 | 130 5 |
10 tau | 126 5 | 129 5 | 133 | 138 | 142 | 147 | 149 |
He paku rerekē Girls auau tipu. Whakatika ki te rua tau, e te tikanga e ratou he iti iti iho i te tamariki, engari i muri i hopu ake ki a ara i mua o te tupu.
tau | Ko te tupu o ngā kōtiro | ||||||
Centile wā% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
2 tau | 80 | 82 | 83, 5 | 85 | 87, 5 | 90 | 92, 5 |
3 tau | 89 | 91 | 93 | 95, 5 | 98 | 100 5 | 103 |
5 tau | 100 | 102 5 | 105 | 107 5 |
111 | 113 5 | 117 |
7 tau | 111 | 113 5 | 117 | 121 | 125 | 128 | 131 5 |
10 tau | 127 | 130 5 | 134 5 | 19 | 143 | 147 | 151 |
Investigation somatoscopic tohu
Methods mō te aro mātai i te whanaketanga ā-tinana ngā rave rahi tohu taketake inenga. Ka taea te ako ratou i roto i te ripanga e whai ake.
tohu | tawhā | täkupu | parau |
zhirootlozhenija | Ko te matotoru o te ngako taiepa i runga i te puku | 1-2 cm | Ko te taha o te pito, me i raro i te peke mata |
Ko te āhua me ngā āhuatanga o te whanaketanga o te pouaka | Porotakaroa, flat, koeke, whakauru, rachitic, oko | porotakaroa | I te tahi taime e taea te whakaaro tamariki taitamariki te pouaka täkupu o te momo whakauru |
kōhiwi | Angiangi, whakairohia, takawaenga | - | - |
tuaiwi | Pūnoa kyphotic, lordostichesky | Pūnoa - he s-āhua i roto i te manureva sagittal | Na roto i te deformation o te tuaiwi e scoliosis hoki |
Hanga waewae | Ko te whare tairanga, flat, papatahi | Arch (noa) | - |
tohu Fiziometricheskie
Te aromātai o te whanaketanga ā-tinana o ngā ākonga e haere i runga i, tae atu na roto i te ine i te tawhā mahi o te tinana:
1. kaha Vital (rōrahi) o te pūkahukahu - he mehua o te kaha uaua romahā me te kaha tana pukapuka. whakamana Measurement te whakamahi i te hau spirometer wai ranei. tohu e pā ana-Age i roto i ngā tamariki o te tau rerekē, me te ira tangata ka kia rerekē.
tau | Paora | |||
kōtiro | Boys | |||
Rōrahi, ml | mana | Rōrahi, ml | mana | |
8 tau | 1474 | 280 | 1670 | 301 |
10 tau | 1903 | 360 | 2000 | 409 |
15 tau | 3022 | 433 | 3670 | 729 |
2. Puai o te ringa uaua - te tohu o te whanaketanga o uaua. hanga te inenga te pūrere huaina te dynamometer ringa.
3. kaha Stanovoi - te mana o te uaua extensor o te tinana i roto i te hononga hip.
4. CHCHS - auau ngakau.
Age, tau | Ko te maha o kapakapa ki te meneti |
1 | 120-125 |
3 | 105-110 |
5 | 93-100 |
7 | 85-90 |
10 | 78-85 |
15 | 70-76 |
tīmata 5. pēhanga toto ki te whanganga i muri i whitu nga tau. Tikanga, Me waiho tenei tau ki systolic (runga) i roto i te 100-120 mm HG. Art me diastolic (raro) -. 60-80 mmHg. Art.
mahi i whakaritea e o te whanaketanga ā-tinana o enei tohu e na roto i te whakatairite i te mahi takitahi, me te uara toharite angamaheni mo te pakeke me te ira tangata ngā rōpū o ngā tamariki.
Ētahi atu tikanga mō te aromatawai te whanaketanga
Hiahiatia ana raraunga anthropometric mo te aro mātai o te whanaketanga ā-tinana, me te whakamahi i roto i te tahi atu tikanga:
- Tikanga paerewa anthropometric / ine sigmalnyh. A, no te whakamahi i tenei tikanga, tātai i te whanaketanga hautanga. Kei te uaua whakamahia i tēnei tikanga tenei ra, mai kore e whakaata reira te pikitia ki tonu o te whanaketanga me te tūhura i te āhuatanga motu.
- inenga Tauine. hanga Ripanga mō te aro mātai i tenei tikanga tango ki pūkete nga correlations, i te mea he painga o te tikanga. Otiia e kore e taea te whakamahi i te reira no te tamariki ki te whanaketanga taikaha o ngā āhuatanga takitahi.
- whakamahia tauine ahu Matveevoy N. A. tēnei aratuka te ka tomo te piha haapiiraa tuatahi, i te whakawhitinga ki te 3, 8 me te 6 meneti akomanga. E te reira ki pūkete nga tohu tekau ma tahi o te whanaketanga:
- taimaha tinana,
- tupu;
- te porowhita (rōrahi) o te pouaka;
- te maha o molars;
- te kaha o nga pūkahukahu;
- auau (te maha o kapakapa ki te meneti) pini;
- te rahi o te ngako taiepa i te pito;
- uaua kaha o te ringa maui;
- uaua kaha o te ringa matau;
- te iti me te pēhanga toto mōrahi.Ko te tino āmiki tenei tikanga, engari te mea te drawback taua rite te tikanga o ngā paerewa anthropometric. Na reira, ka kia tika atu aromatawai o te whanaketanga tinana ki te whakamahi koe i papa centile e rua-ahu, e tango ana ki te pūkete te fakafalala o te roa o te papatipu tinana. - Centile tepu e rua-ahu. Aromātai e wahi i runga i te tauine vosmiballnoy e tango ki pūkete te ōwehenga o te sex, tau, roa me te taimaha.
- rā Centile i ahau M. Vorontsovu. whakamahi te reira i te tauine e tango ki pūkete e toru tohu matua - roa tinana, te taimaha me te rahi o te pouaka o te tamaiti. Whakamātautau (whakaaturanga) e tenei tikanga e whakamahia ana te i inspections ngā i roto i te tikanga ki te tāutu i te rōpū o ngā tamariki ki te nui abnormalities whanaketanga.
- tikanga Matatini.
tikanga aro mātai matawhānui o te whanaketanga ā-tinana
tango nga tikanga katoa kōrero i runga ake ki pūkete anake te raraunga morphological o whakaritea e, engari mo te tipu tangata tūturu, me te tika ki te kaute o te whanaketanga koiora. tikanga Matatini ngā:
- Aromatawai o te tau koiora (te whānuitanga o te te tau o te matuatanga o ngā pūnaha me whekau o te tamaiti). Paearu: taonga taimaha me te roa o te tinana mo te tau i te maha o te niho tau, pūhuruhurutanga, whanaketanga wheua taputapu.
- Patohia kaupapa ture Force ōwehenga waewae āhua, puku, uma, hoki, te whanaketanga uaua, wheua, kiko adipose.
- Whakatau tatatia te āhuatanga toenga o te ōwehenga o te tiketike, me te taimaha tinana.
aromatawai matawhānui o te whanaketanga tinana, kawea nei i roto i roto i ngā pūtahi o te takotoranga hauora, me te ārai, me te i roto i te whakamātautau tohatoha hauora ka taea, i runga i nga raraunga whakaturia ki wehe nga tamariki ki ngā rōpū rerekē e rima o te hauora rānei:
- rōpū ahau. Kei roto te reira i tamariki, kahore mate mau, e kore pāngia a uaua kino, te whakawhanake mahere tinana, me te hinengaro kahore ine.
- Rōpū II. Tenei rōpū ngā te kāwai o ngā tamariki, kahore mate mau, me te te mamae kaua e nui ake wha nga wa he tau, me te mōrea o mate mau, i reira kia kia ine iti i roto i te taumata o te mahi o ngā pūnaha, i nga okana.
- Rōpū III tautuhi tamariki ki mate mau, pathologies (congenital, e kore e arai i te tinana ki te mahi tikanga), maha mate (neke atu i te whā ngā wā i ia tau).
- IV Rōpū. Tamariki hauā whakawhanaketanga (congenital), mate mau, disrupts hauora noa, me te hauora whānui.
- rōpū V. Tenei rōpū ngā tamariki e te mauiui nui mate mau e meinga disorders mārama, me te mahi tinana.
Teenagers
e kore e whakarite ai o te whanaketanga ā-tinana o ngā taiohi rerekē i te tikanga i whakaritea e tono ki ngā tamariki katoa. I roto i te katoa o nga tepu me te tauine ngā raraunga mō ngā tamariki ki runga, ki te 17 tau.
Ahakoa, o te akoranga, e kore matou me wareware e ka rerekē te whanaketanga o ngā kōtiro i muri i iwa nga tau me mau tamaroa i muri i kotahi tekau ma tahi tino i te whanaketanga o te kuao tamaiti.
I roto i te taiohitanga, i reira e nui ngā rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga o te tinana me te okana me te whanaketanga pūnaha:
- He tino Girls raro 14 tau o te tau i mua o ō rātou hoa i roto i ngā o ngā tawhā taimaha, teitei, te rahi uma.
- I roto i tenei wā ki reira ko te tupu oioi kaha (ngā kōtiro i te wā ki te tupu ki pā ana ki te 25 henimita, ka tāpiri 25 kg: tamariki - 35 cm, me te 35 kg).
- Na roto i te 13-15 tau tino oti hanganga o ngā āhuatanga fakasekisualé tuarua.
- Tonu te whanaketanga kaha o te io, hinengaro, Cardiovascular, ngā pūnaha endocrine.
- Pulse me te pēhanga toto āta tata te mahi o te pakeke, me te 18 mutu i tau 120 ki te 65 115 i roto i ngā kōtiro, me te 60 i roto i te mau tamaroa.
Me kï reira e te tino ke te tere te whakatere o te whanaketanga ā-tinana (whakaterenga) i roto i nga tau tata nei paerewa kuputohu somatic.
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