Territory mua ki 1917: te Kawanatanga, te rohe, me te kawanatanga o te Russian Empire

Kuo hoko ma'u pē te wehenga o te whenua ki rohe whakahaere tetahi o nga turanga o te pūnaha kāwanatanga Russian. ke wā nga rohe i roto i te whenua, ara i roto i te rautau 21, i raro ki whakahounga whakahaere. A i runga i te atamira o te kingitanga Moscow me te Russian Empire, tupu noa ake maha tenei e tika ana ki te rironga o nga whenua hou, te huringa o te mana tōrangapū ranei te akoranga.

Ko te wehenga o te whenua i roto i te mau tenetere th 15-17

I te wā o te Moscow State taketake wae whakahaere rohe i kauti. I tū ratou i roto i nga rohe o nga rangatiratanga kotahi motuhake, me te kingi e te kingi whakatokia kawana. Ko reira taa'eraa e i roto i te wahi Pākehā o te whenua pa nui (Tver, Vladimir, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod me ētahi atu.) Ko motuhake administratively a kihai rohe o te mataeinaa i ngā, ahakoa he reira nga pito ki. I roto i te rautau 21, i roto i te āhuatanga rite ko reira Moscow, e ko te pokapū o tona rohe de märena engari de haamamae ko reira he pa o auraa e hānga ana, arā, he rohe motuhake.

Ia mataeinaa, i roto i te tahuri, i wehea ki taone - ngā wāhi te pokapū o i ko te kainga nui ranei te pa iti ki te whenua piri. i roto i te whenua te raki ano tutuki te wehenga ki puni, urupā, kainga Kainga ranei i roto i ngā ngā.

Ko te rohe piri rohe ranei tata i kauti. Hei tauira, te whenua o te Onega Lake ki te wahi raki o te maunga Ural me ki raro, ki te rohe o te Arctic Ocean i huaina Pomerania. He Mauī-pēke Ukraine, i wehea nei ka wahi o te kingitanga Moscow i te mutunga o te rau tau 16, e tika ana ki tona mana rite te "whenua raruraru", me te taupori whānui (Cossacks) ki Tuhinga - Kievi, Poltava, Chernihiv me pera atu.

I roto i te whānui, i te tino huanane te wehenga o te Moscow State engari tukua ki te whakawhanake i te mau parau tumu i runga i te whakahaere o whenua i roto i nga rau tau e whai ake nei. Na te nui tino o ratou - kotahi-tangata whakahaere.

Ko te wehenga o te whenua i roto i te rau tau 18

E ai ki kau faihisitōliá, ka mau te whakatūnga o te wehenga whakahaere o te whenua wahi i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga, ko te whakahou o i puta te matua i roto i te rau tau 18. Porowini o te kingitanga Russian puta i muri i te ta o Pita ahau i roto i 1708, me i mua i reira nga 8 anake - Moscow, St Petersburg, Smolensk, Arkhangelsk, Kiev, Azov, Kazan me Siberia. He tau torutoru i muri tāpiri ratou Riga me Astrakhan kawanatanga. riro Ia o ratou te whenua e kore e anake me te Tuhinga (kawana), engari ano hoki ona ake tohu.

he nui rawa, a kia painga whakahaere rohe mātauranga. Na reira, i hāngai te whakahounga e whai ake nei i to ratou whakaiti me te wehenga o ngā waeine kaimahi. Ko te tohu matua o tenei tukanga:

1. Ko te whakahou tuarua o Pita ahau o 1719, i roto i nei timata te kawanatanga o te Russian Empire ki wehe nga kawanatanga, me nga rohe. I muri, ka whakakapi te whakamutunga i te kauti.
2. Ko te whakahou o 1727, ki te haere tonu i te tukanga o rohe unbundling. E ai ki ona hua, i reira nga 14 kawanatanga, me te 250 rohe.
3. Reform o te timatanga te kingitanga o Catherine I. I roto i 1764-1766 tau i reira ko tetahi hanganga o ngā wāhi rohe me te mamao i roto i te kawanatanga.
4. whakahou Catherine i roto i 1775. Waitohua e te Empress "Institutions mo te whakahaere o nga kawanatanga" tohua te nui huringa whakahaere, me te rohe i roto i te aamu i te whenua o, i roa 10 tau.

I te mutunga o te rau tau i wehea te whenua ki 38 governorships, 3 kawanatanga me rohe ki te tūnga motuhake (Tauride). kua i roto i ngā rohe katoa kua whakaritea 483 takiwa, i riro he kōwae rohe iti.

Vicariate me te kawanatanga o te Russian Empire i roto i te rau tau 18, he poto-noho i roto i te rohe Catherine ahau whakaaetia. tonu Tukanga wehenga whakahaere ki te rau tau i muri.

Ko te wehenga o te whenua i roto i te rau tau 19

I hoki mai te wā "kawanatanga o te Empire Russian" i roto i Paora ahau o whakahounga, i hanga te whakamātau kāore i ki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā rohe i 51 ki te 42. Otiia kawea te nuinga o ratou i whakahounga i muri whakamuri.

I roto i te rau tau 19, e arotahi ana te wehenga whakahaere-rohe o te tukanga i runga i te hanganga o ngā rohe i roto i te wahi Āhia o te whenua, me te o rohe piri. I roto i te huringa maha e tika ana ki te whakahua i te whai ake:

• A, no te i roto i te 1803 ka puta Alexander ahau i wahia atu Tomsk ko Yenisei kawanatanga, me te Territory Kamchatka i te whenua Irkutsk. I roto i te wā taua i hanga e te reira Grand Duchy o Finland, Polish Basileia, Ternopolskaya, Bessarabskaya ko Białystok kawanatanga.
• I te tau 1822 i wehea nga whenua Siberian ki 2 kawana-whānui - ki te hauauru o te pokapū o Omsk me te Te Tai Rāwhiti, i i whakapaipai o Irkutsk.
• Ki i hanga te waenganui o te rautau 19 i roto i te whenua hanumi o te Caucasus Tiflis, Shamakhi (i muri Baku), Dagestan, Erivan, Terek, Batumi ko Kutaisi kawanatanga. He wāhi ngā o te Kuban Cossack Army puta i roto i te tata ki te whenua o Dagestan hou.
• i hanga rohe Maritime i roto i 1856 i ngā wāhi landlocked o te Te Tai Rāwhiti Siberian kawana-whānui. Aita i maoro roa, motuhia ia i roto i te Amur Region, i riro te taha maui o te awa o te taua ingoa, me te roto i 1884 riro te mana o Sakhalin Island Tari Special o Primorye.
• Earth Central Asia ko Kazakhstan i honoa i roto i 1860-1870-doma. whakaritea te rohe hua i roto i te rohe - Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Uralsk, Turkestan, te Transcaspian me etahi atu.

I roto i nga rohe o te wahi Pākehā o te whenua kua hoki te rota o huringa - maha ke rohe, tūariarihia whenua, puta Whakaingoa Anō. I roto i te kaiahuwhenua vahefonua whakahou kawanatanga o te Russian Empire i roto i te rau tau 19 i wehea ai ki taone mō te noho pai o te tohatoha, me te kaute o te whenua.

Ko te wehenga o te whenua i roto i te rau tau 20

I roto i te 17 tau whakamutunga o te oraraa o te Russian Empire i roto i te wehenga whakahaere-rohe ka tangohia e wahi anake e rua huringa nui:

• Sakhalin rohe, tae atu ki te motu Pāoa me te karapoti motu iti, me archipelagos i hanga e.
• I runga i nga whenua kua apitiria o tonga Siberia i hanga (te Republic hou o Tuva) rohe Uryankhai.

Porowini o te Russian Empire puritia ratou rohe me ngā ingoa mō te 6 tau i muri i te parariraa o te whenua, e ko, tae noa ki 1923, ka timata te whakahou tuatahi o taiao i roto i te Soviet Union.