Tīmata tā i roto i Russia

Tīmata tā i roto i Russia, te rā tata o e kua riro te kaupapa o nui te tautohetohe, kei te nuinga o e pā ana ki te ingoa o Ivan Fedorov me Petr Mstislavets e i runga i nga whakahau o Tsar Ivan IV whakapumautia i roto i te rohe o te tuatahi te whare tā Russian o te Kremlin.

E tenei wa i roto i Western Europe, hei tā kua tino kitea: i muri Johannes Gutenberg i te rau tau waenganui XV whakaaro, me pehea e taea e kore koe tuhituhi anō i te pukapuka i te ringa, ka tā ratou i runga i ngā mīhini motuhake, puta tā i roto i maha nga pa Pākehā nui. i faufaa Momotuhi mō te Pakeha: e kua te whanaketanga ā-ōhanga honoa ki te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau i taea noa i waho te whakatutuki i te hiahia mō te rokiroki me te tuku o te mōhiohio.

Momotuhi i roto i Russia i rave rahi atu hiahiatanga. Here printings i tika, te tuatahi o te katoa, i roto i te tikanga ki a Hēnare i whakakaha te kaha ake ake-te whakanui ake o te tangata mārō, me te Ekalesia Siu. Ko production papatipu o ngā pukapuka o te takotoranga pae faaroo i, i roto i te whakaaro Ivana Groznogo, he kore noa ki te whakakotahi i nga pukapuka katoa hahi, pae whakakahoretia o te paahitanga puta nekehanga whakapono, engari ano hoki ki te waihanga i te pūtake wä e tika ana mo te tūnga o Russia rite te kaha nui.

Tīmata tā i roto i whakaara ake Russia he maha o ngā pātai. Tuatahi, korero nga meatanga o Ivan Fedorov me he tino mārama, me te marama te tā tuatahi. Ano, i roto i nga pukapuka o Ivana Groznogo whakahuatia i roto i te hononga ki te tīmatanga o te hanga ahumahi o ngā pukapuka iwi rite Marusha Nefed'ev ko Vasyuk Nikiforov, e kore e hakari kōrero o nei. raraunga Basic tika e pā ana ki Ivan Fedorov ko Pita Mstislavets roto i nga mahi o te rau tau XVII kua.

Tuarua, ki te te press tā i roto i Russia te nuinga o e pā ana ki te tuku i roto i Moscow i 1564 te pukapuka "Te Aposetolo", ko reira tonu i te timatanga o te rau tau XIX i te mara o te tirohanga o hītori ka te pukapuka, e, e whakaaturia i te whakamātautau atu, i tāngia i roto i Moscow mua ki taua rā. Kua pera tawhiti tāutuhia Scientists whitu taua pukapuka, e toru o nga Evanelia wha, Psalms, me rua rua-Lenten Triodion.

A toru, e ai ta te rota e pā ana ki taua i te aroaro o Fedorov i Moscow, me era atu pa o nga rangatira Russian, rawa o nga monasteries, e kua whakamātau ki te waihanga i tētahi toa tā ki te tā pukapuka karakia ki reira. I roto i tēnei putanga o ngā tānga whakaputaina e ratou ko reira nui nui, ahakoa rau te kounga o te mahi nui ki te e minaminatia.

E ai ki te hītori e pā ana, te timatanga o te tā i roto i Russia e tika ki te misioni motuhake i hoatu e Ivan Grozny i te taha ki te Metropolitan Macarius Ivan Fedorov. Hei whakarite i timata whakamutunga April 19, 1563, a anake i muri tata i te tau, Poutū-1, 1564 tenei mana kōkiri, whakaputaina e ratou te tuatahi "Aposetolo". kua te kounga o tenei pukapuka i roto i te maha ngā huarahi pai ki a ratou ritenga ke, engari te tohanga kua tino iti. He tau i muri mai, i muri i nei i takoha Fedorov me Mstislavets whakaputaina i roto i Moscow "Breviary", ratou ki te waiho i Rzeczpospolita, i hanga he press tā hou, me te hua te tuatahi tāngia "ABC."

I muri Fedorov mahue Moscow, tona mahi i roto i te pane a Russian tonu Nikifor Tarasievym ko Anaroniku, e tukua "Psalms" i roto i te 1568. Ahakoa lolotonga tupu te ahi e tino whakangaromia te whare tā, e kore i taea e mutu tukanga production pukapuka ahumahi. Russia i neke tamau i runga i te ara o Māmá.

Tīmata tā i roto i Russia, ahakoa te taunakitanga katoa ki Tautohe mō te wā me te tikanga rerekē, kua meinga reira he wā tino nui i roto i te aamu o to tatou whenua. Te hanga i tētahi tānga Moscow mo te hanga ahumahi o ngā pukapuka fakamamafa'i te moni tūmatanui nui i roto i te iwi matatau a hanga nga preconditions mo te whanaketanga atu o te whenua.