Tinana rohe o tinana whakahaere e hānga ana. Ko te pūnaha me te hanganga o tinana whakahaere e hānga ana. Ko te tinana e hānga ana o te mana whakahaere - ko ...

I muri i te parau tumu kaupapa ture o te wehenga o mana ki toru nga peka i reira ko tetahi huringa o ngā ariā tawhito. I roto i ngā, hei utu o te taputapu o te whakahaere kāwanatanga, ko te hānga tinana o whakahaere mana. Tenei, Heoi, e kore e aukati i te whakamahi i roto i te mahi, me te ingoa o mua.

whakamāramatanga

whakaritea te ngako o nga tinana whakahaere e rerekē kaituhi i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē. Ko te kupu, kia rite ki te tahi mau kaituhi, mahi enei pūtahi rite pūtahi tōrangapū, e kua hanga e ki whai wāhi i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi whakahaere e tika ana. Hei mahi i te mahi e farii ratou ki etahi e taea ture. Ētahi atu tohunga whakapono e te mana whakahaere e hānga ana - he āhuatanga motuhake o te taputapu kāwanatanga. whakatika nei ia ratou mahi i whakatinana i te tikanga o ture, me te tahi atu tikanga. E ai ki o ratou mahi, faaohipa enei tinana mahi whakahaere, me te whakahaere. whakarato te tuhinga tetahi atu whakamāramatanga o te faanahoraa. Ētahi kaituhi whakaaro reira te oti tino. I roto i runga ki te mana whakahaere hānga - he rōpū e, korero rite te mema o te taputapu kāwanatanga, i to ratou ake hanganga ā-, mātau me te tauine mokowā. E hanga e ratou i roto i whakaritea e te ture atu raupapa tuhinga normative ranei. mana Federal o nga mana whakahaere Russian Federation tono tikanga motuhake i roto i to ratou mahi, i te kaha ture ki te ohipa i roto i te ingoa, me te mo o te kāwanatanga. I roto i te anga o tona kaiakatanga, kua karangatia e enei pūtahi ki runga ki ia ki te whakahaere i ao pāpori-ahurea, ōhanga, whakahaere, me te tōrangapū o te ora tūmatanui.

tohu noa

Ko te raruraru matua faatiti'aifarohia e te e te tinana e hānga ana o te mana whakahaere - ko te iteraa i roto i te mahi, i te whakatinanatanga o te tikanga o ture ngā, me ētahi atu tuhinga normative. I tua atu, i roto i tona kaiakatanga, te whakarite i enei pūtahi tautukunga ki te whakaritenga o ngā kaiwhaiwāhi katoa i roto i te whenua. Ko to ratou mahi whakahaere, whakahaere, whakarite, me te whakahaere pūāhua whakahaere. Ka rite ki te hua o tona whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi e hāngai ana e faatiti'aifarohia. Tetahi mana whakahaere Federal Russian he ona ake pūrere ā-. Kei reira etahi wae (Chap. Mana, wehenga motuhake, tari, me ētahi atu) Ki te rangatira. whakatairanga ratou i te hīraurau hopanga tino hua.

poi o mana

He whānui nga mana o te tinana whakahaere hānga nui. whakaaetia ratou whakatinanatanga te i roto i ngā puka ture motuhake. I roto i ngā pūtahi kawea i roto i:

• Executive me ngā mahi whakahaere.
• Mana me te mahi tirotiro.
• mahi Ture.
• Whakatau-hanga, hoatu ara ki hopearaa tino ture.
• Whakaaetanga o tikanga.
• uruhi ture.

Ko te mātau o te pūtahi, tae atu ratou kawenga me ngā whai wāhitanga ture me te kawenga mo ratou mahi. Federal tinana whakahaere e rave mahi e pā ana ki te whakatamarikitanga o nga tikanga, ka whakarite rātou whakatinanatanga.

ato'a

Ko te ture i whakaritea e te tikanga rite ki nei hanganga e wahi, te faanahonaho whakakorenga Institute ranei. he ona ake ingoa katoa whakahaere. I roto i te runga i Federal ture me mahi normative o nga kaupapa whakaturia pūtahi kawenga me rangatira. mahi Tetahi tinana whakahaere rite te hinonga ture. Me whai ia hiri mōhiohio. kia whai wāhi te tinana whakahaere i roto i whanaunga tivira. mahi pūtea i te utu o te pūtea kāwanatanga rohe ranei, i runga i ki te mea (te tinana e hānga ana o te mana whakahaere ā-rohe ranei) ka unga Institute te moni rānei.

te mau parau tumu

ture Ture o te tinana whakahaere e hānga ana hanga i roto i te runga ki te ture e hānga ana, me te Ture, me te he maha o te tahi atu tikanga. hāngai ana te mahi katoa o te Institute te i runga i etahi parau tumu. Ko te hunga matua ngā:

1. te parau tumu o te federalism. meinga ana tēnei āhuatanga e te kaupapa ture o te whenua.
2. Ture. Ua faaite i teie parau tumu i roto i te haapa'oraa o te Ture me te ture.
3. Ko te huinga o te decentralization me centralization. Ko tenei parau tumu o te faufaa matua i roto i te mahi o te whare katoa o te mana whakahaere. Te nuinga o nga mahi i roto i te mātau o te wehenga teitei. I te wa ano i roto i te tinana rohe o tinana whakahaere e hānga ana whakaritea kawenga motuhake, e whakatinana i waho te wawaotanga o pūtahi teitei.

ahanoa o tohutoro

Federal, kāwanatanga, me tinana whakahaere kėia he pūnaha kotahi. I ngā kaupapa o ratou whakahaere whānui me te i runga i ngā take e pā ana ki te mātau o te pūtahi nui rawa pūtahi kaimahi kei roto i te tūranga kaimahi. I roto i tenei take mahi parau tumu kotahitanga. Ka pā anake Mana o te tinana e hānga ana o te mana whakahaere ki ngā wāhi e te hunga i roto i te noa ki pūtahi rohe ranei tika i roto i to ratou ake mana.

te mau parau tumu i te tahi atu

Kua i tua ki te runga ake i tawhiti e rave rahi kaituhi tikanga pērā i:

• Independence. hāngai ana tēnei parau tumu i runga i Art. 10 o te Ture. E ai ki tenei kai, ko te whakahaere, he motuhake mana hanganga ture, me te ture. Tenei te tikanga e kore e nga pūtahi raro ki nga wae peka taua atu. Ko te mahi o tinana whakahaere hānga, e kore te kupu e taea te whai i te legislators kaiwhakawa ranei.
• parau tumu tōtika. fokotu'u mai ia utu penapena haere mai ana ki te ao o te whakahaere tūmatanui.

I roto i te tahi atu mau parau tumu o tohunga tohatoha ano:

• Publicity.
• Fatongia.
• Manapori.
• Tautukunga ki a te uruhi o nga tika me nga rangatiratanga o te tangata, me te tangata.

He mâro-a whakapumautia e te nuinga o pūtaiao te uara o enei tikanga.

Ko te pūnaha me te hanganga o tinana whakahaere hānga

E pinepine ēnei ngā whakamahia i roto i te tuhinga ahumahi. Te pūnaha i roto i te tikanga taumauri whānui ko te uniana o ngā āhuatanga ngā i roto i integrally ki te tohatoha o ngā wāhanga i runga i etahi wahi. O te tahi atu whakamāramatanga e te kaimahi tenei hanganga hei huinga whāinga o ngā kaupapa, me ngā, e pā ana arorau ki tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te hanganga, ko te tikanga o honotanga huānga. whakatau te reira i te āhuatanga hoahoa rautaki o te pāhekoheko o ona āhuatanga. tautuhi ana te Ture i te ariā o te pūnaha o tinana whakahaere tika i te tinana. kaituku tenei te faufaa o te wehenga taua. Na roto i te huarahi pütahitanga, e mahi rite te tinana whakahaere, ka whakarite i te State te whakatinanatanga o ona mahi. Ko te hanganga katoa o te Institute whakau ana i nga āhuatanga taketake o ona āhuatanga. whakaata te pūnaha i hanga te hononga tuatahi kei waenganui i te tinana. Ratou, i roto i te tahuri, te taumarumaru iho. hanga tinana mahi hononga hanganga i roto i te pūnaha kotahi.

āhuatanga

Ka mau i te whakamārama i runga ake ki pūkete, e taea te mea te reira e te tinana whakahaere pūnaha ko ture maau, plurality ä ōrite o rerekē ngā āhuatanga puka ture e kua subordinated ki te parau tumu o te wehenga o te mātau. ahua ai ratou he kotahitanga integrated i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi i roto i te Russian Federation. I roto i te pūnaha reira ko te poutū hanganga aroākapa, me te papa whakapae. Ki tenei hoahoa whakaratohia te mana mahi mīhini te. Ko te pūnaha me te hanganga o tinana whakahaere e hānga ana e tākiekina e āhuatanga pāpori, tōrangapū, ōhanga, ture, me te tahi atu.

mahi tahi waenga

tinana whakahaere o te pūnaha kanohi kei roto i te puka o ratou kāwanatanga whenua-arahina töpü ki hononga ki ia atu, me te i roto i ia huānga i runga i te ka makona ratou whānui o ngā take e ara ake i roto i te akoranga o te kāwanatanga whānui. Ko te hōkai me te āhua o te mahi tahi waenga whakaritea e te tikanga i roto i nei whakaritea te mahi ko ia hono. Ko te hanganga o te tinana whakahaere e hānga ana, me te rohe, me te te huarahi o to ratou hononga e awe e te puka o te taputapu kāwanatanga. Pū o te institution katoa necessitates te huinga o whakapae, poutū, me te hauroki taunekeneke i waenganui i tari.

Ko te tukanga mō te tohatoha o ngā mahi

I roto i runga ki te tikanga mahi mō te hanga i te pūnaha o te tinana whakahaere kawea i roto i rohe tino whakatika kawenga me te mātau o ia hono i roto i te tuhinga ture. Mai i tenei whai te tohatoha me te hiahia ki te waihanga mahi tahi whakapae o ngā pokapū e hāngai ana i roto i te take e pā ana ki ngā wāhi inaki. pūnaha arotau ki wehe o nga mahi okana, ngā roto reira, kia whakarite te kawenga takohanga, whāiti, kakama, me te whai huatanga o te hononga o ngā kaiuru.

whakarōpū

ngā tinana whakahaere i hanga i roto i Russia. E kitea ratou e te paearu e whai ake nei:

• Ahumahi me te whakahaere ngā wāhanga.
• A tuu i roto i te hanganga.
• mahi Tauine.
• Uara.
• Pū.
• Tikanga o te mātauranga.
• Order o whakawā.

Ko te pau o te mātauranga

Tei runga i te tumu parau, e whakahaere te pātai hanga wae ora ake te hunga RF te nuinga i hanga. Ratou hanganga e wahi i runga i te pūtake o kai ture, e te hunga enei ngā tukanga i roto i te mātau o te kāwanatanga. Ko te kupu, whakatakoto ana te tikanga o te hanganga i roto i tenei take i te mana whakahaere Federal. Ko te kaupapa o te wae mātauranga i roto i te mātau o te rohe ratou. Tei runga i te tikanga me te tikanga mo te whakaputa te tīari:

• Institutions e pōtitia e tangata nei te feia faatere.
• E tukuna Units mo te hanganga o nei whakataunga e tika ana o tinana hānga ana o te mana whakahaere.

āhua o ngā pūtahi

Tei runga i te momo whakahaere, me te ture e te whai ake ngä pokapü e hānga ana:

• Te kāwanatanga Russian.
• Federal pokapū, ratonga, manatü, tari.

I te taumata rohe ko:

• Whakahaere.
• Kāwanatanga.
• Komihana.
• Komiti.
• Tari.
• te Kaunihera o Minita.
• Agency.
• Ratonga me ētahi atu.

poi o mana

I runga i tenei pūtake emit:

1. mātau whānui Division. whakahaere ratou katoa te nuinga ranei wāhi me ngā ahumahi i roto i to ratou rohe.
2. Links ahumahi mātau. whakahaere ratou mahi i roto i ngā rāngai i roto i ngā wāhi rerekē o te whakahaere tūmatanui. Ka rite ki enei wae ko nga manatü te tikanga teitei me rohe. Ko te taua hoki pūtahi katoa i hanga e ratou tikanga o nga tinana e hānga ana o te mana whakahaere.
3. Units o mātau motuhake. Ēnei pokapū mahi tirotiro, raihana, mahi ture, me te tahi atu i roto i ngā ao o te whakahaere tūmatanui.
4. Institutes mātau whitinga. Kua whakapumautia ēnei tinana ki fakafekau'aki te whakahaere o ngā take i roto i te wāhi ngā, me te ahumahi.

Order o whakawā

E ai ki tenei paearu kitea:

1. tinana tētahi. Enei (i runga i te ture whānui) ngā: te kāwanatanga Russian, whakahaere, me te tahi atu hinonga rite wae.
2. mana Edinonachalnye. I roto i Russia, te nuinga o ngā pūtahi nui i hanga i runga i te pūtake o te kotahi o te whakahau. Whakatau take i roto i i kawea te matenga i roto i tika.

tinana rohe o tinana whakahaere hānga

tona'inisititiutí i hanga i roto i ia kaupapa o te Russian Federation, ko wai te mea kaimahi ki te taputapu pokapū pai. Ka rite ki te pūnaha o tinana whakahaere o te rohe kia matau te hanganga matatini e whakatinana ngā mahi tūmatanui. kawea ratou mahi i roto i roto i to ratou mātau me te i roto i ngā rohe o te whenua. I roto i te akoranga o te whakaoti nga raruraru o te tinana rohe taunekeneke ki te tari pokapū me te hanganga whakahaere terenga.

turanga normative

kaiwhakau RF Constitution e te pūnaha o tinana whakahaere i roto i nga rohe whakapumautia e te kaupapa ratou. I roto i tenei take, e kore e waiho e poka ki te anga hanganga ture, me te mau parau tumu o te hanganga o ngā whare kāwanatanga te tukanga mō te hanga i te whare. Ka rite ki ngā ture ka hanga i te pūnaha o te mana whakahaere i roto i te kaupapa kia hanga tikanga, kaupapa ture ranei e haere ana i te tinana mātau o ngā waeine whakahaere ture. I roto i te tahi mau rohe, ko te tuhinga taua he tikanga o te tangata e pupuri ana i te tari teitei.

Ko te mahi o wehenga rohe

tinana Executive o ngā kaupapa o te take faufaa e e te tikanga whakahaere ki a ratou te Russian Federation, mau tonu ratou wāhanga katoa o te whakahaeretanga. Ēnei wae ngā komiti, te whakahaere, tari, manatü. hoki kei roto i te pūnaha tinana e whakahaere taonga i roto i te taonga o te rohe; E hanga e etahi pūtahi ki tirotiro i te haapa'oraa o ture ture; hanganga whakahaere i te hōkai o te ara, te wai, taputapu, me pera i runga i.

Improvement Institute

I tēnei wā pātai tino akiaki e pā ana i te pūnaha me te hanganga o te mana whakahaere katoa i roto i te whenua. I roto i te āhua o tenei ra tonu te whakahou whakahaere. I roto i te anga o te au o te whakapai ake pūtahi, e rua i te rohe, me te i te tihi, te taumata e hānga ana. tohua ana tēnei ko te mahi e kore e anake o ngā rōpū tōrangapū i te whenua o, engari ano hoki te pū o ture me ngā ture. ture ture i te taumata e hānga ana, i reira ko te tikanga ture, me nga tikanga o te Ture Federal. He tikanga peresideniraa, ture kāwanatanga rite nui. I te taumata rohe whakamana mana ture i roto i runga i te ture i roto i te tumu parau. concretise ratou nga tikanga ture me ngā whakaritenga o te ture Federal.

mutunga

I roto i te tekau tau tata nei, ko te pūnaha o te hānga ana mana i raro whakahaere ki maha huringa. I hāngai te hanganga i te mä me te whakarei ake i te pānga o te Institute i te hanganga o te hapori, me te āhua rite te katoa. Otiia, i te hanganga o te kāwanatanga , ko te tawhiti atu i pai. I roto i te reira i reira he tari, ao whakawhiti mana. mahi rite ētahi pokapū, a i roto i ētahi wā mahi duplicative. Taua papû ore i roto i tenei raruraru tavini rite te take matua o te whakararuraru, me te tapepe o te whare katoa. Hoki te hanganga o te pūnaha tino pai titau e ko ia huānga mārama, me te pau mana ā-ture. Me whakaritea te reira i te taumata-ture, hoatu ki te kia kitea te rōrahi me te āhua o te raruraru. E ai ki etahi tohunga, ki he tokomaha o nga raruraru te whakakore kia ki te arotau i te tukanga tāututanga, whakakahore i näianei, inaki, mahi poriro. Kairangahau whakapono e ko te take tuatahi, me te tumuaki aukati i te pāhekoheko tōtika tenei. Ko te take e te atu tāruarua o ngā mahi, te atu e hiahia ana koe te iwi ki te whakatinana ratou. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, haapuai te take tangata, me te whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te mahi. Otinga o enei raruraru he whakaaetanga tino nui o te ture Federal, e whakatau nga parau tumu whānui o te kāwanatanga. I runga i te pūtake o te tuhinga normative ka taea te kawe i roto i te whakakotahitanga, te arotautanga o te whare katoa.