Tōmasí Karleyl: he haurongo, ngā tuhinga. Manahau me kupu o Thomas Carlyle

Tōmasí Karleyl (Hakihea 4, 1795 - February 5, 1881) - kaituhi Kotimana, buka, kōrero me te philosopho, popularizer me tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o kāhua toi motuhake, me te rapunga whakaaro o te tuhinga hītori - "toa Fifi". He stylist rawa rongonui era Victorian. I ia he mana nui i runga i te whakaaro ture.

whānau

Fanauhia i roto i te utuafare o Kalavini James Carlyle me tana wahine tuarua, Dzhanet Aytken, ko te mātāmua o e iwa tamariki (whakaahua whaea o Thomas). Ko toku papa he piliki, ka he tangata ahu whenua iti. I whakaaro ia mo te u, me te mana motuhake. ahua kei, i ia he ngakau pai. i rerekē kaha hononga Family Carlyle, a no Tamati ki tona papa ki te faatura nui, rite kitea i roto i ona tohinoa. i nga wa katoa e ia nga mana'o ngawari tino mo tona whaea, a ko te teina faahiahia.

ako

kihai i whai atu rauemi mau metua, na i tonoa te-tau whitu Carlyle ki ako i te kura pāriha. A, ia ia kotahi tekau ona tau, ka whakawhitia e ia ki te kura tuarua Annan. Tona taumaha mō whawhai arahina ki raruraru ki te maha o ngā ākonga o te kura, engari hohoro whakakitea e ia he kaha moni i roto i te ako, te kipakipa tona papa ki te whakaako koropiko ia. I te 1809 ka tomo ia ki te University o Edinburgh. I ia iti te moni i roto i ona akoranga, i roto i te tua ki ngā akoranga i roto i te pāngarau, te Ariki Dzhona Lesli, e riro i muri i tona hoa pai.

Ia tai'o ano te rota. Heoi, i te mana nui ki runga ki a ia e kore e puāwaitanga tuhinga me te auahatanga o hono to'utangatá. He tokorua o takatu nei e ki ia i roto i te tūranga kotahi, ka kite ia ia hei rangatira hinengaro, ka whakaata ratou reta te reka tuhituhi whānui. I roto i te tau 1814, Carlyle teuteu tonu ki te riro i te tohunga, riro ia he Kaiwhakaako o tohu Mathematics i te Kura o Annan, tukua ana e ia ki a ia te whakaora i te moni iti. I te 1816 ka whakaritea ia kia rite ki te pūkenga i roto i te kura i roto i Kirkland.

raruraru i te pae varua

I roto i te tau 1818, kua whakaritea e Carlyle ki whakarere i te mahi i te pae varua. kihai i whakamārama ia nga taipitopito o te mea i tupu ki te tangata ki reira panoni, engari ko reira kitea tona hiahia ki te whakarere i te whakaaro raroto o kaiakopono wairua, e tino ratou tonu whakaaro. au ra etahi ta'e wa anake te ara i roto i, engari ko ia hohonu ngakaukore ra ki a ia. Kua arahina Carlyle tenei katoa ki te raruraru i te pae varua e i taea ki te hinga anake i muri i te tuhi «SartorResartus ia. Ko te ora, me te whakaaro o Mr. Teyfelsdreka "i roto i te Pipiri 1821. ia peia te wairua o te whakakorehanga, a mai te āhua o tona mauiui i puta ke ake. kihai i tenei "arahina" me "inoino me te tawai ngali." I te tau 1819 ka timata ia ki te ako German, i arahina ia ki mohio hou, me te ngā. E ia he rota o te pānga i roto i te tuhinga Tiamana. Te nuinga o te katoa pai ia nga mahi o Goethe. I roto i a ratou, ka kite e ia ha faingamālie ki te whakakahore i mārika antiquated, kahore totohu ki fakamatelié. tutaki ratou a tuhituhi reta mo te wa roa. korero pai Goethe e pā ana ki te translation o tona pukapuka.

ora whaiaro

I muri i te faahoaraa roa, i roto i te 1826 ka moea e Tomas Karleyl Jane Baillie Welsh. ko ia he utuafare nui atu te pai-atu, a rave rahi tau ka mau te reira ia ki te whiwhi nui ki te whiwhi whakaaetanga ki te marena. noho tahi ratou mo wha tekau nga tau, a tae noa te mate o Jane. Ko te tau tuatahi i muri i to ratou faaipoiporaa, noho ratou i roto i te kainga, engari i roto i te 1834 oho ki London. ko urikore, e muri arahina ki nga tautohe, me te hae Lady Welch. He he kawenata ki to ratou reta. I uaua ano te mea o te raruraru hinengaro o Carlyle ratou ora. , Ki te aau nui me te konä he pakarukaru, ia maha tukua i nga mamae o te korekore whiua ohoroa ia, ka peia te waiata nui o te manu i roto i te kari o tona hoa ki a ia haurangi. koimutu hoatu riri ara ki pakū o arearea te tiaturi. whakaora anake ruku te reira i tupou ki te mahi. i hiahiatia hoki tenei te pororaru, me te rangimarie, ka rite rawa ruma motuhake soundproof i roto i to ratou whare. Ka rite ki te hua, pinepine i tana wahine ki te mahi ki ngāue faka'apí katoa anake maha ongo'i whakarerea.

mahi tuhi

I roto i te pokapū o-1830, whakaputaina Carlyle «SartorResartus. Ko te ora, me te whakaaro o Mr. Teyfelsdreka "i roto i te moheni Fraser. Ahakoa te hōhonu o te whakaaro taumauri, tika faahiahia o ona whakatau, e kore te pukapuka i whai angitu nui. I te 1837 ka whakaputaina reira tona mahi "I te Revolution French", i kawea mai ia angitu tūturu. hoatu e ia Mai i 1837 ki te 1840 e rave rahi kauwhau, o nei i whakaputaina tetahi anake ( "Fifi Hero"). kawea katoa o ratou ki a ia te angitu pūtea, me i te tau o wha tekau-rima tau, whakahaere ia ki te riro motuhake moni. I ia he tokomaha akonga me kau muimui. Mai i te tau 1865 ka e ia Rector o te University o Edinburgh.

Whakaaro i runga i te hanganga o te pāpori

huru orurehau me ki tonu o te kawa era Byron Tomas Karleyl, tona haurongo tukua i roto i te tuhinga whakatauritea te rongopai. korero ia i roto i te manakohia o whakahounga pāpori. I roto i te pakanga ki te tirohanga pūkaha o te ao, te nuinga o te hopohopo, me te utilitarianism taunaki te ora o tikanga, te whanaketanga o te rawa, super-takitahi uara tangata. Wāhikē e te kaha o mau hinaaro manapori whakahē Tomas Karleyl te fifi o marohirohi. whakapono ia e kia whakahaere tikanga anake te hapori me te kāwanatanga te hunga e whai i te hiahia mō te mana upootia. Success ka arahi ki te mana, hua i roto i te tautohe o te idealism, e hāngai ana i runga i te whai tonu o ngā whāinga whaiaro teitei, a i roto i te ngoikore, me te ati o tona pūtaiao, i te mea he ranunga o Kotimana Puritanism, me idealism Tiamana.

I roto i te tōrangapū, te takaro ia he tūranga nui rite te theorist o imperialism, awhina te whakaaro o te misioni hītori o te iwi Ingarihi ki te awhi i te ao katoa. O te nūpepa kia tuhia, tuatahi o te katoa, taumauri me whakaaro huritao hītori "Heroes, te faaturaraa i te toa, me te Hautoa i History", "I runga i te French Revolution», «SartorResartus. Ko te ora, me te whakaaro o Mr. Teyfelsdreka "me etahi atu.

outlook taumauri i runga i te ora

I raro i te mana o te romanticism German, ātahu, mahue Calvinism. kitea tona manarūtanga ki te rapunga whakaaro whaiāipo i roto i te iritiraa o te pukapuka Goethe "Tau o Science Vilgelma Meystera" me te mahi "te Life o Schiller." ka whakatata ia i Romanticism, runga ake katoa, te whanaketanga hohonu o te individualism (Byronism).

mahi te pokapū Carlyle - te hero, he tuakiri tino, wikitoria, ano i te kaha o te ora, i runga katoa, morare. I roto i fakamamafa'i nga painga o 'ulungaanga morare o te hero o te hinengaro whakaatu te mana o te Puritanism. Anga ke ki tenei, Carlyle hoki matapo ka mau mātauranga tikanga Nietzsche.

Whakamutunga o te ora

Tōmasí Karleyl, he whakaahua o e kua aroaro i roto i te tuhinga, ka mate a Pepuere 5, 1881 i roto i London. I muri i te hui poroporoaki mōhiohio, i whakawhitia ana kōiwi ki Scotland, te wahi i tanumia ai ia i roto i te urupā, me o ratou matua.

Tōmasí Karleyl: kōrero me ngā kōrero

Ko te rongonui tino o ana kōrero ngā te whai ake:

1. Ia mahi tino i mawhiti tuatahi te mea e taea.
2. Aroha - e kore te reira i te mea ano e rite ana wairangi, engari to ratou he rota i roto i te noa.
3. Te kore te pēhanga e kore e waiho taimana.
4. Ko te tangata e hiahia ana ki te mahi, engari e kore e taea e kitea i te mahi - ko reira pea te āhuatanga oto aroaro ki a tatou e te whakarau.
5. Mātao - te hua o te mate tangata.
6. Taku taonga - e kore e whai ahau, a he aha taku e mea ahau.
7. I roto i nga āhuatanga ko tonu te timatanga te momeniti tino fakangalongata'a.
8. Pipiri - te puna me te hua o te hapa, me te mamae.
9. ora e te tangata nui i roto i te noa. Ko te hītori o te ao - te reira noa te haurongo o nga tangata nunui.
10. Manawanui - he manawanui takiwa.

Tōmasí Karleyl, he ki tonu i te whakaaro nui, me te hohonu nei korukī, mahue he wahi kanapa i roto i te hītori o te whakaaro taumauri.