Turbellarians: āhuatanga me te whakaahuatanga o te piha haapiiraa. māngai turbellarians

Turbellaria ranei turbellarians (Turbellaria) no ki te kingitanga o te kararehe, momo flatworms, neke atu i te 3500 ngā momo. Te nuinga o ratou he noa-ora, ko etahi momo he pirinoa e ora i roto i te tinana o te ope. Rahi o te mau taata tēnā i runga i te ritenga kaiao me te kai. taea anake te kitea ētahi kutukutu i raro i te karu ētahi atu, tae he roa o neke atu i te 40 cm.

He tata katoa ngā mema o te momo o flatworms pirinoa. kutukutu ciliated - anake te piha haapiiraa e ngā puka noa e noho ana i roto i te taiao, engari ko te kaikonihi.

taea Worms te kitea i roto i te tote me te wai hou, i roto i te oneone hou, i raro i ngā toka, e tata ana nga takutai o awa me ngā roto. Etahi ora i runga i te mata o te whenua, te tahi atu i raro i te reira. ora te torutoru momo i roto i te mata te tinana o te ope, he werau, engari kahore ai tetahi kino ki a ia. Ko te māngai tino maha, me te mīharo o te piha haapiiraa e te planarian, e haere mai i roto i katoa o ngā tae (i pango me te ma ki parauri, me te puru).

turbellarians Whakamārama ahua

Class ciliated kutukutu na ingoa no te mea hipoki ko katoa o te tinana o te kutukutu ki ngä makawe iti, whakarato i te kaupapa kararehe me te nekehanga o te kararehe iti i roto i te wāhi. Moving ciliated noke kaukau ranei ngoki rite te nakahi. Animal Body āhua papatahi, porotītaha ranei paku elongated.

Ka rite ki ki te mau melo katoa o te flatworm, e kore e ratou tinana i te kōhao ā-. Tenei rauropi bilaterally hangarite ki whakaritea mua rongo, me te mangai i runga i te wahi peritoneal o te tinana.

Āhuatanga cover ciliary

Ko epithelium Ciliary o e rua nga tu:

• ki mārama wehea i ia atu ngä makawe;
• ki tauta ngä makawe i roto i te kotahi paparanga cytoplasmic.

E kore ngā mema katoa o te piha haapiiraa o flatworms ngä makawe iti. Ciliated momo noke i raro i te kahu epithelial o huna repe secretion. Hūpē tukua i te mua o te tinana, e tauturu te kutukutu piri, ka puritia i runga i te mata tïpako, me te nekehanga a tawhio noa, kahore ngaro toenga.

Te taha i te taha o te tinana kutukutu he repe rauropi pūtau secreting hūpē ki ngā āhuatanga paitini. Tenei hūpē Ko te ahua o te tiaki o te kararehe i te tahi atu kaitukituki nui (hei tauira ika).

Ciliated kutukutu mo te wā, me te mea pakira, ngaro mongamonga o te epithelium e rite molting kararehe.

Ko te hanganga o te pūwhera kiri-uaua

turbellarians Hanganga rite te hanganga o flatworms. hanga tinana uaua ngā he putea kiri-uaua o toru paparanga o muka:

• paparanga annular kei i runga i te mata waho o te tinana;
• paparanga hauroki e i te koki nei muka;
• he apa raro roa.

Whakaiti, uaua whakarite kaupapa tere, me te paheke te rawa nui tauira.

pūnaha alimentary

e kore e mārama unu ake nga whekau ētahi turbellarians māngai me he beskishechnyh. Etahi i E māngai whekau kūnatu i te pūnaha katoa o takere branched, tuku matūkai ki nga wahi katoa o te tinana. whēkau reira hanganga rōpū rerekē turbellarians. I tua atu beskishechnyh (konvolyut whanau) hea turbellarians:

• rectal (mesostom);
• vetvistokishechnyh (lactic Planaria trikladidy).

Roth takitahi ki whēkau branched kei te piri ki te muri o te tinana, i rectal - ki mua. honoa te mangai e ki te korokoro kutukutu, e āta puta i roto i te peka whēkau matapo.

Class kutukutu ciliated pharyngeal repe he kawenga hoki te waho (i waho te tinana) nakunaku.

pūnaha tohatoha

kanohi pūnaha puha e te plurality o kōputaputa i te wahi muri o te tinana kararehe, i roto i nei tuha i roto i takere motuhake matū e hiahiatia. E hono ana te takere pai ki te kotahi e rua matua pātata ki te whēkau ranei.

A, no te kohikohi ngaro intestinal o tīpakonga (excreta) i te mata o te kiri i roto i ngā pūtau motuhake nei i muri i te whakakī e whakakorea humarie.

pūnaha io

Turbellaria āhuatanga ngā rerekētanga i roto i te hanganga o te pūnaha io. I roto i te tahi mau momo o te whatunga e māngai reira e te mau hopearaa io iti (ganglion) i roto i te wahi mua o te tinana.

Hoki ētahi atu, i reira e ki runga, ki te 8 ki te rota o te Pekanga neuronal takirua o kahiwi karere.

Kua whakawhanakehia e te okana tikanga, he kawenga mō te mahi tūturu ngä makawe whakaritea motuhake. Ētahi tāngata takitahi i te tikanga o te toenga nga kawenga o te statocyst tinana motuhake aroaro i roto i te puka o mirumiru subcutaneous poka ranei.

Ko te tirohanga o ngā nekehanga me te mahi irritating puta ki waho i roto i sensilla - ta'e ngāue tinana ciliary mo te mata katoa.

I roto i te aroaro o noke pakaru statocyst hono tukunga ortogon - pūnaha roro ripekapeka-momo takere.

tikanga whakawhanakehia o kakara me te titiro

He whekau olfactory, e whai wāhi nui i roto i tona ora i rite te kaikonihi Turbellarians. Ko te whakawhetai ki a ratou turbellarians kitea kai. I runga i nga taha o nga pito mua, a muri o te tinana e whakaritea rua e te hunga kawenga mō te whakawhiti o tohu i te waho me rāpoi ngota hongi matū i roto i te okana roro.

e kore e Worms i te kite, engari i reira he he whakaaro e e taea te tahi mau momo rawa nui teretetiera ki ngā wehewehe taonga, kua hanga e ratou i te arotahi. Ahakoa te kanohi, me i roto i te nuinga o te wā e rave rahi tekau o takirua me unpaired kanohi kei i te kutukutu i roto i te rohe o te ganglia kaka i runga i te mata mua o te tinana.

Marama patu i te pūtau ataata tuaroa tairongo i piko wahi kanohi whakaoho tohu whakatupuranga, e tukua nei ki te roro mō te tātari i te mutunga karere. pūtau tuaroa he ahua o te karere whatu e e tuku mōhiohio ki te ganglia kaka.

kupukupu kararehe

Āhuatanga Class ciliated kutukutu he rerekē i te momo o te flatworm e e taea ki te takanga mai te hāora takitahi noa-ora - ki te manawa. I muri i te katoa, te nuinga o flatworms - anaerobes, e ko, e noho ana i roto i te taiao hāora-free o te tinana.

He mātu'aki mahu'inga manawa, me te puta i roto i te mata tinana katoa e absorbs hāora tika i te wai i roto i te plurality o kōputaputa mōkitokito.

turbellarians Power

Te nuinga o enei kararehe, he konihi, me te tokomaha o ratou i te pūnaha kūnatu waho. Āpiti mangai ki te pārurenga pea, unu i te kutukutu he ngaro motuhake, whakaputaina e te repe pharyngeal, e ngā hautaka te kai ki waho. I muri i tenei, ngotea te kutukutu inu tōtika. huaina ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te nakunaku waho.

flatworms momo Whāngai Class ciliary waimāori te nuinga iti, me te tahi atu hātaretare. Ehara i te taea ki te horomia me ki te anganga te anga waimāori nui, kutukutu te huna hoki hūpē ki te motuhake ki tonu i te whākōkī. tamaru te reira i te pārurenga, tata ki te ngaungau ai, me te kutukutu ka tika ngotea te tirotiro o te anga.

Ko te aroaro o noke niho whakakapi te pharynx, ki nei ratou horomia kai katoa. Ki te he nui te patunga, te kutukutu koi ngote nekehanga o nga roimata mangai i ia he wahi iti, āta te ngongo i te taonga katoa.

uri

Class noke ciliated aroaro hermaphrodite, he e rua gonads tane, he wahine. He pūtau i roto i te testes tangata. haere ratou i takere uri motuhake e tukua parāoa ki te wahi hui ki hua.

E faahoho'ahia e te ovaries i nei te hua i roto i te korere kākano e tonoa atu ki te tara, a ka hanga e ki te cloaca taihemahema whēkau sex wahine.

kikiritanga fakasekisualé puta i te ripeka. Worms tētahi wairakau tahi i te tahi, tētahi injecting parāoa roto copulatory okana e rite te ure ki roto ki te cloaca taihemahema whakatuwhera.

inu huero fertilizes he hua manu, me te te hanga e te hua manu, anga pani. Excreted kutukutu Kei hua e pao tauira kua he ahua rite ki te kutukutu pakeke.

Anake i roto i turbellarians (momo flatworms ciliated Class) i te hua puta rite ki te pakeke torongū mōkitokito e kau ki te awhina o ngä makawe ki te köurarangi noa tupu ratou ake, me te kore e puta ke ki te kutukutu pakeke.

Ka taea e ēnei kutukutu tupu rite asexually. I roto i tenei take, te tinana o te kutukutu puta ki te hope, i āta tuwhaina e te reira kia rua nga wahi e rite ana. riro ia wahi te takitahi motuhake e tupu tika ake mo whēkau mahi.

He kaha mīharo mō te houtanga

Ētahi māngai o te kutukutu ciliated, hei tauira, planarian, taea ano ki te whakahoki i te wāhi pakaru o te tinana e. kia anō-tupu Ahakoa mongamonga o te rahi o te o nga mau taata katoa wahi rau tinana ki te kutukutu hou tonu-parirau.

Mai i te tikanga ko te kupu ako Planaria trehvetvistyh ki ora i raro i kino mo tona taiao. A, no te he hua nui i roto i te pāmahana wai, ki te kaimahi o kutukutu hāora māhorahora wawahi i runga ki mongamonga ki kia whakahokia ano e houtanga, te wa hoki tikanga waho ki noa.

Turbellarians Planaria - te māngai nui o te piha haapiiraa e, te ora i roto i roto. whāngai kararehe kino i runga i hātaretare iti. Ratou rite kai mō noke ika e kore e whiwhi hoki o nga repe e hua matū paitini.

waikura

Hoki turbellarians pirinoa ngā:

• Temnotsefaly e ora i runga i te kiri o ngā hātaretare wai māori me te honu, whakapanga i runga i te mata o te tinana o te hua ope. Temnotsefaly rahi iti (15 mm) o te tinana, papa rawa, i reira e rave rahi kāwai. He hermaphrodite Turbellaria me noho te nuinga i roto i te tuakoi tonga.
• Udonellidy - whakarōpūtia mua rite whiore, engari inaianei kua tīpakohia ratou i roto i te turbellarians kapa. E ratou he tinana i roto i te hanga porotakaroa me te rahi iti (ki runga, ki te 3 mm). Ki te awhina o kapu momi e piri ki te waimāori, i, i roto i te tahuri, he pirinoa i runga i nga pihapiha o te ika nui moana.

kitea ētahi turbellarians momo anake i roto i nga wai Baikal, e tika ana ki te ahurei o ona wai. Te nuinga o turbellarians kore anake e kore e kino, engari ko te wāhi o ratou taiao. Whakangaro mollusks iti, kia mau ratou i raro i te mana i te taupori o ngā hātaretare, e kore e tuku ki te tupu i te reira ki te rahi maere.