Voytseh Yaruzelsky: biography, te ora whaiaro me te mahi tūmatanui

Head o Poland, he kaitōrangapū nui, i te tangata ngā Voytseh Yaruzelsky te ora roa, me te rawa i korerotia. I roto i tona ora i o waimarie pai, rahunga, whakaora me te rota o ngā e kei o faufaa mo te iwi katoa e kore e anake, engari mo te ao rite te katoa. A ani i pā ana ki te hunga i te Polyakov Voytseh Jaruzelski, a ka tatari mo te mārama whakahoki poauau. i rere ke rawa tona mahi, ki te tiki i te aromatawai mārama. Ka rite kore e taea e tangata i tenei ra o te whenua āta aromatawai i te uara mō te Poland, he tokomaha o te whakawakia o hara katoa. Ko e tika o te ako atu taipitopito tona ora.

Family me te tamarikitanga

I roto i te pa Polish o Curuvija Hōngongoi 6, 1923 i roto i te hapu o te rangatira nui o te rohe, he rangatira nui, i whanau te tama a Voytseh Yaruzelsky. Ko te takenga mai tino tawhito te whānau, i roto i te rau tau th 15-16 ko Jaruzelski tupuna i roto i taipe te kawe Slepowron. whai wāhi Wojciech-koroua nui i roto i te ngangaretanga Polish rongonui i roto i te ingoa o te whakahokinga mai o te Commonwealth i te rohe tawhito. patua te hunga tutu i roto i 1863, i whakahekea Jaruzelski me tona kui ki Siberia. I muri mai, ka hoki te whānau ki Poland, engari, Koinei, i te aamu utuafare i te haafifi ki te tāruarua.

pau Wojciech tamarikitanga i te ingoa Polish, ka ko ia 5 tau, i ia he tuahine teina Teresa. I tonoa Boy ki te kura Katorika whiriwhiri i te 6 tau o tau, engari i te 1939 oho te whānau ki Lithuania, a ko reira he pai rawa te pouri. puta ia i te kura nui kahore i whai i te tangata taitama wā.

whakahekenga

I roto i te 1939, Lithuania rite ki te hua o te kawenata i waenganui i te USSR me Nasí Germany i apitiria e te Soviet Union rite ki te hua o te kawenata i runga i fakaaoao-kore. Otiia i roto i te whakaekenga a te Tiamana o Poland, faaoti te kāwanatanga Soviet ki kotiti me ki tonoa he maha nui o rangatira Polish (rite hārakiraki) i te āhua Baltic ki Siberia.

ka haere mai Voytseh Yaruzelsky me tona hapu ki Altai. I tonoa e te upoko o te whānau ki te puni i roto i te rohe o Altai, a haere ana toku whaea me rua tamariki ki whakaraua i roto i te Turochak taiga te wahi mahi Wojciech rite lumberjacks. i taea nga tikanga ora ki roaa taimaha Jaruzelski reira "matapo te hukarere". Otiia, i roto i ona tohinoa, kei te tino pai te tukinotia whakahekea te kāinga. ako Wojciech te reo Russian ka puta ke te huru o te iwi Russian. I whakaarahia e ia i roto i te iho o anti-Russian, me patu te Altai, tutaki ia he rota o te iwi rawa fakamātoato nei tamata ki te hanga i te ora māmā mo nga whakarau.

kihai i taea e Senior Jaruzelski mau te mahi taimaha me te hohoro mate, tanumia Wojciech ia, takaia i roto i te marumaru hei utu o te niupepa "Pravda". Aita i maoro roa ka mate ia me tona whaea. ka tono tangata te tuahine ki te whare pani, me te heke mai te peresideni o Poland - ki te mahi i roto i Karaganda. I reira i ia ki te mahi i te oku, te wahi whara ia tona hoki, i meinga ite iho puta noa i te ora pakeke.

Pakanga II o te Ao

I roto i te 1943 noa piri Voytseh Yaruzelsky te ope i roto i te wehenga hōia o te Polish Kosciuszko. I whakangungua ia i roto i te Infantry kura Ryazan, a haere i te ana'iraa o te rūtene ki te mua. ka anga ia ki te rangatira paratunu me i roto i te tau 1945 ka tino kaiāwhina o te kaimahi mō te maramarama. ka mau Jaruzelski wahi i roto i te whawhai mo te whakaoranga o Warsaw, whawhai i runga i te moana Baltic, te Vistula, oder, Elbe. Hoki riro marohirohi rave rahi tohu hōia, tae atu i te tohu tino ingoa nui i roto i Poland - Military marohirohi (Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari).

ora rōpū

I muri i te whawhai, noho Voytseh Yaruzelsky i te kāinga. Mai 1945 Kei te whai wāhi ia i roto i te whawhai ki te raro whakahaere "Freedom me Independence", te whakaaro matua o nei i ki te whawhai ki te tikanga Soviet me te mahi, me te withdrawal o te Army Whero i te rohe o Poland. mahi te whakahaere ki te Ukrainian pū i Army, ki nga whenua Western me mātātoa te CIA tāmia e mana e pā ana i roto i Poland ki te tautoko o te USSR. I roto i te 1947 honoa Jaruzelski te Pāti Communist, e te tau i muri mai ka mohiotia rite te Polish United Kaimahi 'Party. faaoti ia e tona piiraa he ngāue fakakautaú, ka tomo te Infantry Kura Higher, a ka puta i te Academy o General kaimahi.

ara mahi

I muri hohoro te Academy Jaruzelski haere ta'uma. Tuatahi ka mau ia i te tūranga whakaako i te kura Infantry, ka hohoro riro rangatira o nga whare mātauranga hōia o te whenua mō te e toru nga tau i roto i te whakahau o te wehenga mīhini, ka haere i te tino Political Whakahaere o Poland. I te tau 1962 ka whakaritea e ia Minita Tuarua o Defence, me 6 tau i muri mai, ka e ia Minita. I tona pūkete i roto i te wahi pou i roto i taua mahi tautohetia rite te whakaekenga o whenua o te Warsaw Pact, engari tino Soviet, Czechoslovakia.

I roto i a te 70 Minita Jaruzelski toutou whakamahia kaha ki te riri rongonui. I te tuatahi, ka hoatu e ia te whakahau ki te pehi i te pōuri meinga e utu kai maranga. i te whakapanga ia i roto i te meka i pupuhi nga ope haumaru i runga i demonstrators i Gdansk i 1970.

Kua tonu kua Jaruzelski hau pro-Soviet, a awhinatia ana e ia ki te whakatairanga i te reira ki te tihi. I momoho te whakawhanake me te mahi rōpū Wojciech. I roto i te 1970 Jaruzelski - he mema kaitono o te Politburo, me i 1971 - he mema o te Politburo o te PUWP. I roto i te 1981, ahu e ia te Kaunihera o Minita o nga People a Polish Republic, Heoi, i roto i tenei tūranga, roa ia he torutoru anake nga marama.

I te faatere o Poland

I roto i te Oketopa 1981, ka Voytseh Yaruzelsky te tangata tuarua i roto i te whenua, ka arahina e ia a Komiti Central o te rōpū i roto i Poland. A, no te riro ia i te matenga o te rōpū, i te tipu haere i te whenua raruraru pāpori. whai wāhi ana tēnei ki te rota o te mahi o "Siulaí" uniana i karanga a hoki ki te pehea e o te Kaitiaki o te USSR. I roto i te whakautu, i te Soviet Union i tika unuhia ake ki nga hōia rohe Polish, meinga taufetongi hou o te ngangau. I roto i tenei āhuatanga, te matenga o Poland o tino wehi te whakaekenga o to ratou whenua, a na reira ua faaoti ki tangohia ture hōia, i roa 2 tau. timata te āhua te whakatoi, me hopukia o activists resistance.

I roto i te 1985, ka Jaruzelski te matenga o te Kaunihera State, ie. E. Ko te tangata tino nui i roto i te whenua. Hoki e rua nga tau i tamata ia ki te hinga i te ngangau, ko ratou anake tupu. Haunga arahina tenei riri ki nga taha ohaoha o te raruraru haamata i roto i Poland, me anake tenei raruraru pāpori nui ake. faaoti Voytseh Yaruzelsky ki te whiriwhiri ki ngā mema o te "o Siulaí,", ko ia anake te rangatira o nga whenua pāpori. Camp, nana nei i hanga te nekehanga rite. haere ana ia i runga i te maha o ātetenga, i ui i nga mautohe, engari kihai i whakaoti ai i te pakanga. Ko te whenua i taua wa i roto i te āhuatanga uaua, i ia he nama nui waho ki te Soviet Union me whenua Western, te ōhanga rite ki te hua o te whakahaere whakaritea peka, tipu pouri ki nga fifi o te ora o tangata noa. He "Siulaí", ahu e Lech Walesa haamata ki te kawe e kore anake ōhanga, engari ano hoki tono tōrangapū.

whakapono Jaruzelski te e he ngaahi nunu'a tino kino mo tona whenua e kore anake, engari mo te ao rite te katoa te whakataki o hōia Soviet, koia, tamata ahau ki te whiriwhiri ki te mautohe. Poland ki te Soviet Union i he whenua rawa nui, e rua fakasiokālafi me tōrangapū, na i pai ki te tomo ki roto i te reira ki te whakaora i tona tikanga nga Sovietí, me tenei, kia rite ki te matenga o Poland, i wehe ki te kore anake rohe, engari ano hoki Pakanga o te Ao.

"Voytseh Yaruzelsky me te Pakanga Cold" - ko te kaupapa mō te rangahau o hītori me pūtaiao tōrangapū heke mai tenei, engari ko te reira mārama e kore ia i hiahia he putanga taua, a na reira tamata ki te kitea te otinga rangimarie. Otiia kihai i nga whiriwhiringa arahina ki hua tika, a ka i ia ki te whakaae ki te pupuri o pōtitanga manapori.

I roto i te 1989, tū pōtitanga i roto i te Diet, me te tūranga o te peresideni ki te kaitono anake - Jaruzelski. Ka rite ki ko ia te Peresideni o Poland, engari ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o Poland kihai i taea i roto i te tau. I roto i te 1990 oti ia tona era, whakaae ia ki te pupuri o pōtitanga manapori me te whai ratou ki te farii i kihai i whai wāhi. tu ia "i te urungi" 9 tau, tona wa i he rota o fifi, tamata ia ki te whakakore i ngā ara, engari mo te nuinga amo riro te reira i te "mata" o te tikanga kinongia.

Life muri te mana

He rota o taime oto haurongo whakaahua ana Yaruzelskogo Voytseha, engari i muri i te rīhainatanga o tona ora kua puta ke tino: i te mahi nui, me te kawenga he mea e toe. rere nga ra te hau, me te ata. Leh Valensa, rite te ātete ki ratou "hoa" i te tahi atu whenua hapori mua, kihai i whai i te matenga o mua o Poland, ahakoa rawa hiahia te taupori o tenei. Jaruzelski mawehe atu i kaha te ora tūmatanui. Ko te tangata kihai i hoatu e okiokinga ki nga amo, kua tamata e rave rahi rōpū ki te kawe ia ki te tika mo patunga o te crackdown. A i roto i te 2007, ka anga i muri i te marae katoa e pā ana ki hara whawhai Jaruzelski me waru o ona hoa. i tino roa nga whakahaerenga, me i 2011 faaoti te marae ki te tonoa te take ki te matenga o mua o Poland tika ki te huru tona hauora.

Taitara me tohu

I roto i tona ora roa riro Wojciech Jaruzelski Witold maha tohu. Ko ia tino whakakake o tona whakatutukitanga hōia: te Order o Military marohirohi, e rua ripeka toa, kia "Cross o Grunwald". I tua atu, i whakawhiwhia e ia he maha o ngā tohu o te USSR me ētahi atu whenua-pāpori.

I te 2006 ka whakawhiwhia ia ki te Order "Cross whakahekea" i roto i te faaineineraa o i mea a Jaruzelski i koa e te peresideni ia leh Kachinsky i taea ki te hinga i te rītaha o te mua. Tenei meinga he te kōwarotanga nui i roto i te hapori. ka mea tenei peresideni, e kore e tika kite ingoa o Jaruzelski i te rārangi o ngä kaiwhiwhi, ka hainatia e ia te ture. Na whakaiti Wojciech hoki utu.

I whakatairangatia ana Jaruzelski ki te paetukutuku o General o te Ope, kahore taitara hōnore me mētara, kihai i hoatu e ia ia i roto i tona kingitanga.

ora whaiaro

kihai i Voytseh Yaruzelsky, nei whaiaro ora i hiahia i roto i amo tonu, hoatu i tetahi take mō te kawekawe, me te take. kua mai 1960 kua marenatia ia ki Barbara Jaruzelski, i te tokorua, he tamahine, tupu ake mokopuna Monica. E au ra te reira i taua katoa i roto i tona hapu he tino tika. Otiia i roto i te 2014 te pahųtanga o te take. Kua whakawakia wahine-tau 84-tawhito Jaruzelski-tau 90-tawhito i roto i te hononga ki te tapuhi hōhipera, ka haere ki te kōnae mō whakarere. ka mea ia e kore e he whakarere whakaae. Development i roto i te tutukitanga kihai i tupu e tika ana ki te mate o te peresideni o mua.

Mate me te Pūmahara

May 25, 2014 Voytseh Yaruzelsky, puta nei whakaahua i roto i te pāpāho katoa o te ao, kua mate. I mua ki taua, i tukua e ia tetahi atu patunga, a ki te akakoromaki i ona pānga, kihai i ahei ki te tākuta. tanumia peresideni ki hōnore hōia tonu, i te hui tae e te mua Polish te peresideni leh Valensa me Aleksander Kwasniewski. i tanumia Jaruzelski i te American o hoia Polish, i whakapataritari tokomaha amo. I roto i te mahara o compatriots tonu Voytseh Yaruzelsky tata te tonotono, ko ia mau tamata ki te kitea i te toenga i waenganui i te mahi waho me ketanga ā i roto i te whenua. Na āta riro mōhio e he waimarie e kihai i tukua e ia te whakatū o te pēhanga pro-Soviet pakeke i runga i te āhua Poland, ki Jaruzelski.

faahitiraa

Voytseh Yaruzelsky o Russia korero tonu ki mahanahana nui. kihai i ia he kaitautoko o te tikanga Soviet i kore te kaiwawao pūmau o Communism, engari ki te iwi Russian mō te ora tukinotia ki wera. ka mea ia e "te whakahekenga o te Altai ke tona huru ki te Russian." Voytseh Yaruzelsky, korukī i whaikōrero, e tenei ra e kitea i roto i ngā tuhinga tōrangapū, ka mea ia e "e te whakatau ki te tangohia ture hōia kia iri i runga i tona hinengaro noa te mutunga o nga ra." Ko te tino mōhio o te whānuitanga ki tonu o te pakeke o ratou mahi ia. "E kore ahau e whiwhi ngenge ki te whakapāha mō te tahi mea e he he," - ka mea a Jaruzelski.

meka ngā

ko tino Voytseh Yaruzelsky tangata tika, katoa tona ora noho ia pono ki te waehere rangatira o te kororia. I roto i tona kingitanga, e kore ia i farii i tetahi o nga tohu Polish, anake te hōia, metara whakamaharatanga. kore kua pootitia e ia tetahi rarangi, me ngā taitara, i te tino haehaa noa tona ora. Tata tonu ka haere Jaruzelski mōhiti pouri, no te i pēnei iwi ki a ia he tokomaha pāhuatia, engari ko te take he mate paturuhia i roto i te whakahekenga o te Altai. Ia maitai korero i roto i Russian, kihai i inu, lau he rota, a ko te tangata rawa faka'atu'i.